Career
Archduke Charles first appeared in the Register of Shipping, [5] and in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1810. [4] RS published before LR.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|
| 1810 | Turner | S.Temple
M.Lindsay | Shields–London
London–South Seas | RS |
| 1810 | Moore | Moore & Co. | London–Lima | LR |
|
The mention of Archduke Charles as intending to go to the South Seas has led one source to assume that she became a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. Ship arrival and departure data in Lloyd's List , or Australian newspapers provides no support for such a supposition. Instead, Henry Moore apparently purchased Archduke Charles from M. Lindsay to engage in trade with South America.
On 20 March 1810 Henry Moore, master of Archduke Charles, acquired a letter of marque. This authorized him to take offensive action against French vessels, not just defensive action, should the opportunity arise. [3] He sailed from Gravesend on 1 May 1810, bound for Lima. On July she arrived at Rio de Janeiro. On 27 October 1810 Archduke Charles arrived in Lima from London. On 6 July 1811 she arrived back at Gravesend from Lima. [lower-alpha 1] She brought with her from Lima one of the four survivors of the Boyd massacre. She also arrived with 50 tons of bullion. [8] Before she left Lima word had arrived that rebel had captured the silver mines at Postosi, so the government asked Captain Moore to unload part of the silver bullion cargo to provide the government with the money to pay its troops. Captain Moore cut his cables and sailed off before he could be detained. He carried a delegation (Colonel Don Francisco de Salazar, the secretary for the delegation, and two Peruvian colonels) from Lima with despatches for the Spanish minister in London. Then HMS Mutine had escorted Archduke Charles from Buenos Aires. [9]
Because letters of marque authorized captains, not vessels, a new master required a new letter. Captain John Paul Jeffreys acquired a letter of marque on 20 March 1812. [3]
In 1812, Archduke Charles, J.P. Jeffries [sic], master, transported convicts from Ireland to Australia. On 10 March 1812 she sailed from Gravesend for Cork, New South Wales, and China. She departed Cork on 15 May 1812. She called at Rio de Janeiro, where Indefatigable and Minstrel joined her. The three vessels left Rio together on 11 August, but Archduke Charles parted the next day. Six days after they left Rio, a gale separated Minstrel and Indefatigable. Archduke Charles lost her rudder in a gale on 8 September, which delayed her. She reached the Cape on 25 September. There she effected repairs and did not depart until 19 December. [11] [12] Archduke Charles arrived on 16 February 1813 in Port Jackson, New South Wales. She had embarked 147 male and 54 female convicts; two male convicts died during the voyage. She was one of only two convict transports after 1811 to carry both men and women convicts; after 1815, no vessel did. The 73rd Regiment of Foot provided the guard.
Archduke Charles left Port Jackson on 17 September bound for China. [15] There were eight stowaways aboard. When Archduke Charles arrived at China the authorities apprehended the stowaways and returned them to Australia in 1815 on Frederick. [11]
Archduke Charles left Whampoa anchorage on 24 January 1814. On 26 February she was at Linton (probably Lintin Island). She left China on 1 March with the fleet returning to Britain, but separated the next day. [16]
By 19 June she had reached the Cape, and by 6 September St Helena. On 24 November she arrived at Blackwall. [17]
Canada was a merchant ship launched at Shields in 1800. She made five trips transporting convicts to Australia. On two of those trips she was also under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). When she was not transporting convicts Canada traded with the West Indies, and with Canada until c.1832.
Coromandel was the French prize Modeste, captured in 1793 and refitted at Chittagong, British India. She made two voyages transporting convicts to Port Jackson, the first for the British East India Company (EIC). A French privateer captured her in 1805 but she had returned to British hands before 1809. An American privateer captured her in 1814 but this time the British Royal Navy recaptured her within days. She foundered in Indian waters on 6 February 1821.
Admiral Gambier was launched on 24 September 1807 for J. W. Buckle & Company. She made two trips to Australia as a convict transport and one trip from China to Britain for the British East India Company (EIC) before she was wrecked in 1817.
Fortune, also known as La Fortune, was a sailing ship built in Spain. She was taken in prize in 1804. New owners renamed her and she entered British registers in 1805–6. She twice transported convicts from Britain to New South Wales. She was lost c. 1814 on her way to China from Australia.
Indian was a merchant ship launched at Shields in 1810. Her first voyage was to transport convict convicts to Australia. She then became a West Indiaman. She wrecked with heavy loss of life on 8 December 1817.
Minstrel was launched at Hull in 1811. She transported convicts to Australia in 1812 and again in 1825. Between these voyages she traded east of the Cape of Good Hope under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). In 1829 she brought immigrants from England to the Swan River Colony. She then traded widely, including across the Atlantic. Minstrel foundered in March 1851.
Indefatigable was a square-rigged, three-decked, three-masted merchant ship launched in 1799 at Whitby for James Atty & Co. for the West Indies trade. In 1804 she served as an armed defense ship and recaptured a merchantman that a privateer had captured. She was a transport in the 1805–1806 British invasion of the Dutch Cape colony. She twice transported convicts to Australia; on the first trip she was chartered to the British East India Company (EIC). She burned to the waterline in 1815.
Guildford was a two-decker merchant ship launched in 1810. She transported convicts to New South Wales. Of her eight voyages delivering convicts, for three she was under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She underwent major repairs in 1819, her hull was sheathed in copper in 1822; in 1825 she received new wales, top sides and deck, the copper was repaired and other repairs. Guildford was lost without a trace in 1831.
Alexander was built in the United States in 1811 and captured as a prize during the War of 1812, or built in 1813 in Halifax. She first appeared in Lloyd's Register for 1815 with Hamilton, master, M'Dowell, owner, and trade Greenock-Newfoundland.
Countess of Harcourt was a two-decker, teak merchant ship launched at Prince of Wales's Island in 1811, and sold in Great Britain in 1814. An American privateer captured her in 1814, but the British recaptured her in 1815. Later, she made five trips transporting convicts to Australia. Between the third and fourth of these, she undertook a voyage to China and Nova Scotia while under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She was wrecked in late 1830.
Nile was a sailing ship built in 1799 at Howden, England. She made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales. For her return trip to Britain she was under contract to the British East India Company (EIC). Thereafter she traded between London and the West Indies, Canada, and the Mediterranean until she stranded on 22 November 1833 on the island of Oesel, Russia.
Ann was built in Batavia in 1797. How she came into British hands is currently unclear. She first appeared in a register in 1802, and thereafter made a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). In 1809 she made a voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales for the British government. On her return voyage she carried cargo for the EIC from Calcutta to London. She then became a West Indiaman, trading between London and Jamaica. Later she traded with Australia and India, and is last listed c.1865.
Shipley was launched in 1805 at Whitby. A privateer captured Shipley in 1806 on what was probably her maiden voyage, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her. Between 1817 and 1823, she made four voyages transporting convicts to New South Wales. The ship was wrecked in 1826.
Hebe, built in Hull in 1810, made two notable voyages, one voyage as an extra ship for the British East India Company (EIC), and one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales. In between, an American privateer captured Hebe, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her. Hebe was wrecked in 1833.
Agamemnon was launched at Sunderland in 1811. She traded with India and made one voyage in 1820 transporting convicts to New South Wales. She was wrecked in 1826.
Dick was a merchant ship built in 1788 in Rotherhithe, on the River Thames, England. She initially sailed as a West Indiaman. Her role and whereabouts between 1796 and 1810 are obscure. Later, she made two voyages as a troop transport, one to Ceylon and one to New South Wales. She then made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales. She was last listed in 1822.
Sir Godfrey Webster was launched in 1799. She was a West Indiaman until 1812 when she made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). On her return she returned to trading with the West Indies. However, she then performed two voyages transporting convicts, the first to Van Diemen's Land, and the second to New South Wales. She ran into difficulties on her way home from Singapore after the second voyage and was condemned at Mauritius.
Borodino was almost surely launched as Caesar (1810 ship). Borodino first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1826, but with launch year 1810, and launch location "River", i.e., the Thames. In 1828 she transported convicts to New South Wales from Cork. She was last listed in 1833.
Lord Wellington was launched in 1810 at Rochester, or equally, Chatham, as a West Indiaman. She made at least one voyage to India under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She then made a voyage to New South Wales transporting female convicts from England and Ireland. She was lost in December 1822 off Denmark while sailing from Saint Petersburg to London.
Cornwall was launched at Calcutta in 1810. She participated as a transport in two military campaigns some 40 plus years apart. In between, she made four voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), carried assisted immigrants from England to Sydney, and transported convicts to Tasmania. She was wrecked at Mauritius in July 1858.
United Kingdom
