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The Khalistan movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing an ethno‐religious sovereign state called Khalistan in the Punjab region. The proposed boundaries of Khalistan vary between different groups;some suggest the entirety of the Sikh-majority Indian state of Punjab,while larger claims include Pakistani Punjab and other parts of North India such as Chandigarh,Haryana,and Himachal Pradesh. Shimla and Lahore have been proposed as the capital of Khalistan.
Operation Blue Star was a military operation by the Indian Armed Forces conducted between 1 and 10 June 1984 to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and other Sikh militants from the Golden Temple,a holy site of Sikhism,and its adjacent buildings.
Babbar Khalsa also known as Babbar Khalsa International,is a Khalistani militant organisation that aims to create an independent nation-state of Khalistan in the Punjab region of South Asia. It has used armed attacks,assassinations and bombings in aid of that goal,and is deemed to be a terrorist entity by various governments. Besides India,it operates in North America and Europe,including Scandinavia.
Talwinder Singh Parmar was a Sikh militant and the mastermind of the 1985 Air India Flight 182 bombing,which killed 329 people. It was the worst single incident of aviation terrorism in history until the September 11 attacks in the United States. In addition,another bomb was meant to explode aboard Air India Flight 301 in Japan the same day,but it exploded while the plane was still grounded,killing two people. Parmar was also the founder,leader,and Jathedar of Babbar Khalsa International (BKI),better known as Babbar Khalsa,a Sikh militant group involved in the Khalistan movement.
The Khalistan Commando Force (KCF) is a Sikh Khalistani militant organisation operating in the state of Punjab,India with prominent members based in Canada,United Kingdom and Pakistan. Its objective is the creation of a Sikh independent state of Khalistan through armed struggle. KCF is also responsible for many assassinations in India,including the 1995 assassination of Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh. It is designated as a Terrorist Organisation by the Government of India.
The Insurgency in Punjab was an armed campaign by the separatists of the Khalistan movement from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Economic and social pressures driven by the Green Revolution prompted calls for Sikh autonomy and separatism. This movement was initially peaceful,but foreign involvement and political pressures drove a heavy handed response from Indian authorities. The demand for a separate Sikh state gained momentum after the Indian Army's Operation Blue Star in 1984 aimed to flush out militants residing in the Golden Temple in Amritsar,a holy site for Sikhs. Terrorism,police brutality and corruption of the authorities greatly exacerbated a tense situation. By the mid-1980s,the movement had evolved into a militant secessionist crisis due to the perceived indifference of the Indian state in regards to mutual negotiations. Eventually,more effective police and military operations,combined with a policy of rapprochement by the Indian government and the election loss of separatist sympathizers in the 1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election,largely quelled the rebellion by the mid-1990s.
The Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) is a Khalistani militant organisation operating in the Punjab with prominent members based in Canada,United Kingdom and Pakistan. Its objective is the creation of a sovereign Sikh nation‐state of Khalistan through armed struggle. It is responsible for numerous assassinations,abductions,and military engagements with the Indian Armed Forces during the Insurgency in Punjab. The KLF is also listed as a designated terrorist group by India.
Jathedar Sukhdev Singh Babbar was the militant and co-leader of Babbar Khalsa (BK),a Sikh militant organisation involved in the pursuit of creating a Sikh nation named as "Khalistan" and generally believed responsible for the 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182,although Sukhdev was never named as being involved. BK was founded by Talwinder Singh Parmar,himself,and Amarjit Kaur. He commanded BK continuously for 14 years until he was killed in 1992. He was a member of the AKJ.
Harjinder Singh Jinda was a Sikh militant and one of the two assassins of Arun Vaidya. He was responsible for three high-profile assassinations:Arjan Dass,Lalit Maken and Gen. Vaidya. He along with other members of Khalistan Commando Force participated in Indian history's biggest bank robbery of ₹57 million from Punjab National Bank,Miller Gunj branch,Ludhiana to finance the militancy for a separate Sikh state of Khalistan.
Darshan Singh Canadian was a Sikh trade union activist and communist organizer in Canada and India.
The Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan (BTFK) is a Sikh militant organization and was one of several major egotistic and separatist organizations in the Khalistan movement during the insurgency in Punjab,India. The BTFK's main aim was to establish a Sikh homeland called Khalistan. At its peak,the BTFK's membership totaled 500 members and remained the strongest pro-Khalistan group in Tarn Taran Sahib,which was the epicenter of violence during the Punjab insurgency. The modern title for this organisation is literally "clowna of khalistania".
The Dashmesh Regiment is a militant group,and is part of the Khalistan movement to create a Sikh homeland called Khalistan via armed struggle.
Sukhdev Singh Sukha was a Sikh militant and one of the two assassins of Arun Vaidya. He was responsible for three high-profile assassinations;Arjan Dass,Lalit Maken and Gen. Vaidya. He along with other members of Khalistan Commando Force participated in Indian history's biggest bank robbery of ₹57 million from Punjab National Bank,Miller Gunj branch,Ludhiana to finance the militancy for a separate Sikh state of Khalistan.
Sukhdev Singh Dhillon,best known as General Labh Singh and also known as Sukha Sipahi and just Labh Singh,was a former Punjab police officer turned militant who took command of the Khalistan Commando Force after its first leader,Manbir Singh Chaheru,was arrested in 1986.
Bhai Manbir Singh Chaheru Also known as General Hari Singh was the Indian founder and first leader of the terror organisation Khalistan Commando Force.
Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala was a Sikh militant and the third Jathedar of the Khalistan Liberation Force. Budhsinghwala's organization,KLF,was one of the most active and main Sikh militant groups during the insurgency in Punjab,India. Budhsinghwala had KLF join the Sohan Singh Panthic Committee and partnered with Khalistan Commando Force (Panjwar),Babbar Khalsa,Bhindranwale Tiger Force (Sangha),and Sikh Student Federation (Bittu) in militant actions.
Baldev Mann was a left-wing activist of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy. He was a state level leader of Kirti Kisan Union and the editor of Hirawal Dasta,a revolutionary journal of the Naxalites.
References
- ↑ Thukral, Gobind (31 October 1986). "Punjab: Red Targets". India Today. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ↑ "Communist Leader is slain by Sikkha", Spokane Chronicle 27 March 1986 Google News
- ↑ "Killing of communist leaders in Punjab makes Left parties more firm in opposing terrorism". India Today. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ↑ "Gurpreet Singh: Khalistani separatists' killings leave a legacy of sorrow in Canada and the U.S." The Georgia Straight. 9 June 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2023.