Armenia | Croatia |
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Bilateral relations exist between Armenia and Croatia. Diplomatic relations between the countries were established on 8 July 1996. Armenia is represented in Croatia by its embassy in Rome, Italy, while Croatia is represented in Armenia by its embassy in Athens, Greece. In 2011, both countries have established honorary consulates, Armenia's residing in Zagreb, while Croatia's residing in Yerevan, the capitals of the respective countries.
Armenia is a signatory of the European Union Association Agreement. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and the OSCE.
Republic of Ragusa in present-day Dubrovnik was a center of Croatian-Armenian historical connections. Amongst many foreigners that inhabited Dubrovnik was a number of Armenians. Also, Ragusans celebrate Saint Blaise, a fourth century Armenian saint from Sivas as a patron-saint of their city. Also, other two patron saints of Dubrovnik, Zenobios and Zenobia, were Armenian saints from Cilicia, and Ragusans also observe a cult of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. Ragusan bishop Raimondo Gallani (Croatian : Rajmund Jelić) was archbishop of Ankara and apostolic Vicar of Istanbul at the beginning of the 18th century. Gallani corresponded with Mkhitar Sebastatsi, the founder of the well-known Mekhitarist Order. The Ragusans cared for Catholics in the Ottoman Empire, including those in Armenia. [1]
A Croatian Jesuit from Perast, Father Josip Marinović, wrote Dissertazione polemico-critica sopra due dubbi di coscienza concernenti gli armeni cattolici, in 1783, at the request of a wealthy Armenian banker, Giovanni de Serpos. In the dissertation, Marinović defends Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire who received the sacraments from the Monophysite Armenian Apostolic Church, which part of the clergy in Rome disapproved. Marinović wrote that Armenians had papal approval for performing rites in monophysite churches, as well as attending an Armenian rite mass, giving to charities, and observing holidays based on the Armenian calendar. [2]
During a theological debate, Marinović wrote a three-volume work with more than 1,600 pages titled Compendino storico di memorie cronologiche concernenti la religione e la morale della nazione Armena, which was to be the first modern history of Armenians written in the West. In his work, Marinović wrote about Armenian geography, a review of the political and church history of Armenia, the history of their catholicoi and synods, and a review of Armenian customs and other political and religious matters. [3]
Marinović's work influenced a final political and ecclesiastical solution to the problem of Armenian Catholics. With help from the Austrian and Russian Empire, the Vatican gained recognition of Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire and founded their Archeparchy in Istanbul in 1830. [4] Marinović's work laid a foundation for modern research of Armenian history. [5]
Mekhitarists in Vienna, present-day Austria, published some 200 books in Croatian in the humanities and natural sciences. They also published a Croatian nationalist political journal Novi pozor between 1867 and 1869. Among notable Croatian authors whose books were published by the Michtarists in Vienna were Vjekoslav Babukić, Dimitrija Demeter, Juraj Haulik, Vjekoslav Klaić, Antun Mažuranić, Matija Mesić, Ilija Okrugić, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Bogoslav Šulek, Josip Torbar and others. [6]
Croats share deep sympathy with Armenians in the aftermath of the Armenian genocide even when Croatia has not recognized the genocide. It is noted that the genocide is carefully studied and distributed in Croatia, [7] which prompted Turkish Government to demand the Croatian Government removing the content of Armenian Genocide. Zagreb refused the offer. [8]
Armenia recognised Croatia as an independent country on 21 June 1994, while diplomatic relations between the countries were established on 8 July 1996. [9] Armenia is represented in Croatia by its embassy in Rome, Italy Croatia is represented in Armenia by its embassy in Athens, Greece, [10] Both countries have honorary consulates.
Armenia and Croatia have signed three agreements and one protocol: [11] [12]
Agreement | Signatories | Date of conclusion | Date of entry into force | Place |
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Protocol on cooperation between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia | Vahan Papazian, Foreign Minister Mate Granić, Foreign Minister | 14 September 1996 | 14 September 1996 | Zagreb, Yerevan |
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Armenia on mutual abolishing of visa requirements for holders of diplomatic and service passports | Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President Franjo Tuđman, President | 16 June 1997 | 25 December 1999 | Zagreb, Yerevan |
Agreement between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Armenia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income | Serzh Sargsyan, President Stjepan Mesić, President | 22 May 2009 | - | Yerevan |
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Armenia on Co-operation in the Fields of Culture, Education and Science | Serzh Sargsyan, President Stjepan Mesić, President | 22 May 2009 | 18 February 2010 | Yerevan |
Memorandum of Understanding between the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia and the Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia on Cooperation in the Field of Diplomatic Training and Education | Ararat Mirzoyan, Foreign Minister Gordan Grlić-Radman, Foreign Minister | 8 February 2023 | 8 February 2023 | Yerevan |
References: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia; [11] Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia [12] | ||||
Year | Armenia's export to Croatia (in thousands of $) | Croatia's export to Armenia (in thousands of $) |
---|---|---|
2019 | 254.8 | 732.5 |
2020 | 64.6 | 662.7 |
2021 | 173.6 | 965.4 |
2022 | 387.6 | 1,009.0 |
Reference: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia [11] |
Visits to Armenia | Visits to Croatia | ||||
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Date | Visitor | References | Date | Visitor | References |
22 May 2009 | Stjepan Mesić, Croatia's President | [13] | 22–23 October 2003 | Vartan Oskanian, Armenia's Foreign Minister | [14] |
20–21 March 2011 | Luka Bebić, Croatia's Speaker of the Parliament | [15] | 7–8 September 2009 | Serzh Sargsyan, Armenia's President | [16] |
7–8 February 2023 | Gordan Grlić-Radman, Croatia's Foreign Minister | [17] |
Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and the European Union. It has full membership status in a number of international organizations, such as the Council of Europe and the Eurasian Economic Union, and observer status, etc. in some others. However, the dispute over the Armenian genocide of 1915 and the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict have created tense relations with two of its immediate neighbors, Azerbaijan and Turkey.
Relations between Armenia and France have existed since the French and the Armenians established contact in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 12th century. Formal diplomatic relations between Armenia and France were established on 24 February 1992. Due to the good relations between the two countries, 2006 was proclaimed the Year of Armenia in France.
Relations between Armenia and Germany have always been stable and solid with both countries continuing to work together and advance through the years in cooperation. Both countries' leaders have discussed bilateral relations and noted that they have considerably improved over the last few years.
The foreign, diplomatic, economic, and political relations between Croatia and the United States were established on April 7, 1992 following the dissolution of Yugoslavia. After Croatia's debut as an independent state in 1996, the U.S. established the country as its most important political connection to Southeast Europe. Modern relations are considered to be warm and friendly, with stalwart bilateral collaboration. The Croatian diaspora in the U.S. is estimated to be around 500,000 which, in part, informs the foreign policy of Croatia. The two nations have strong connectivity through tourism, immigration, foreign aid, and economic mutualism.
Foreign relations between Croatia and Montenegro are bound together by shared history, intellectual development, and common geography. Both states are members of the Council of Europe and NATO. Montenegro has been a candidate to join the European Union since 2012, a pursuit supported by Croatia, who has been an EU member since 2013. Their diplomatic relations have been friendly and amicable, with strong political and economic collaboration. Small border disputes have remained unresolved between the two states since the dissolution of Yugoslavia, as do some shipping and naval disagreements.
Foreign relations exist between Armenia and Egypt. Egypt was one of the first countries in the Arab world which recognized the independent Armenia in 1991. In March 1992, the diplomatic relations were established between the two countries. In May 1992, the first diplomatic mission of Armenia in the Arab East was inaugurated in Cairo. Egypt has an embassy in Yerevan.
The Armenian community in Argentina is the largest in Latin America totaling approximately 120,000 members.
Foreign relations exist between Armenia and Bulgaria. Both countries are full members of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and the Council of Europe. Both nations maintain embassies in their respective capitals.
Current and historical relations exist between Armenia and Denmark. Armenia has an embassy in Copenhagen, and Denmark is represented in Armenia, through its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Diplomatic relations were established on 14 January 1992. In 2008, the Armenian Foreign Minister Eduard Nalbandyan called the relations between Armenia and Denmark "friendly" and "highly appreciating". In 2013, Amstream was founded as an independent non-political and non-profit organization in order to initiate means of collaboration and partnerships between Armenia and Scandinavia within business, education and culture. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe.
Armenia–Romania relations refer to the bilateral relations between Armenia and Romania. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 1991. Armenia has an embassy in Bucharest and Romania has an embassy in Yerevan. Both countries are members of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and the Council of Europe.
Foreign relations exist between Armenia and Portugal. Neither country has a resident ambassador. Armenia is represented in Portugal through its embassy in Rome (Italy). Portugal is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow. In addition Portugal is represented in Armenia through its honorary consulate on Nalbandyan street in Yerevan. The consul is Mr. Samuel Samuelyan.
Armenia and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established between Armenia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1993. Both countries are members of the United Nations, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the International Monetary Fund, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Foreign relations exist between Armenia and Uruguay. Uruguay, as a small South American nations hosts a large Armenian community for its size. The Armenian community in Uruguay totals approximately 16,000 people.
The foreign relations between Albania and Croatia are bound together by shared history, neighboring geography and common political ideologies. Both states established diplomatic relations in 1992, following the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the independence of Croatia. They have historically shared a special relationship due to their convergent nation-building efforts. Modern relations are warm and friendly.
Armenia and Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations on August 27, 1992. Armenia has maintained an embassy in Astana and Kazakhstan has an embassy in Yerevan. Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organisation, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of the Commonwealth of Independent States. There are 25,000 people of Armenian descent living in Kazakhstan. Throughout the history, Kazakhstan, alongside Uzbekistan, are few Turkic countries that accept their Armenian population.
Armenian–Syrian relations are foreign relations between Armenia and Syria. Armenia has an embassy in Damascus and a consulate general in Aleppo. In 1997, Syria opened an embassy in Yerevan. Syrian Foreign Minister Farouk al-Sharaa visited Armenia in March 1992.
Foreign relations exist between Armenia and China. The first references to Armenian-Chinese contact are found in the works of 5th-century historian Moses of Chorene and 6th-century geographer and mathematician Anania Shirakatsi. The People's Republic of China officially recognized Armenia on December 27, 1991. Diplomatic relations between Armenia and the People's Republic of China were established on April 6, 1992. The Embassy of China to Armenia was established in July 1992, while the Embassy of Armenia to China started its activities on August 10, 1996. The Armenian Ambassador to China resides in the Beijing embassy.
Relations between Armenia and Brazil, have existed for decades. The Armenian community in Brazil is the second largest in Latin America totaling approximately 100,000 members. Armenia has an embassy in Brasília and Brazil has an embassy in Yerevan.
Diplomatic relations exist between Armenia and Chile. There are over 600 Armenians and descendants residing in Chile today. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Armenian-Palestinian relations refers to relations between Armenia and Palestine. Armenia supports Palestinian statehood. Armenia is an observer state of the Arab League in which Palestine is a full member. The former President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan has stated that Armenia supported the Palestinian people's self determination in an interview with Al Mayadeen. President of Palestine Mahmoud Abbas has also stated that he supported the expansion of Armenia and called Armenians a "great ally of Palestine". On 21 June 2024, the Armenian government recognized the State of Palestine.