Armenia–Croatia relations

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Armenian–Croatian relations
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Bilateral relations exist between Armenia and Croatia. Diplomatic relations between the countries were established on 8 July 1996. Armenia is represented in Croatia by its embassy in Rome, Italy, while Croatia is represented in Armenia by its embassy in Athens, Greece. In 2011, both countries have established honorary consulates, Armenia's residing in Zagreb, while Croatia's residing in Yerevan, the capitals of the respective countries.

Contents

Armenia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), while Croatia is a member of the European Union (EU). Though, Armenia is a signatory of the European Union Association Agreement. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe.

History

Republic of Ragusa in present-day Dubrovnik was a center of Croatian-Armenian historical connections. Amongst many foreigners that inhabited Dubrovnik was a number of Armenians. Also, Ragusans celebrate Saint Blaise, a fourth century Armenian saint from Sivas as a patron-saint of their city. Also, other two patron saints of Dubrovnik, Zenobios and Zenobia, were Armenian saints from Cilicia, and Ragusans also observe a cult of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. Ragusan bishop Raimondo Gallani (Croatian : Rajmund Jelić) was archbishop of Ankara and apostolic Vicar of Istanbul at the beginning of the 18th century. Gallani corresponded with Mkhitar Sebastatsi, the founder of the well-known Mekhitarist Order. The Ragusans cared for Catholics in the Ottoman Empire, including those in Armenia. [1]

A Croatian Jesuit from Perast, Father Josip Marinović, wrote Dissertazione polemico-critica sopra due dubbi di coscienza concernenti gli armeni cattolici, in 1783, at the request of a wealthy Armenian banker, Giovanni de Serpos. In the dissertation, Marinović defends Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire who received the sacraments from the Monophysite Armenian Apostolic Church, which part of the clergy in Rome disapproved. Marinović wrote that Armenians had papal approval for performing rites in monophysite churches, as well as attending an Armenian rite mass, giving to charities, and observing holidays based on the Armenian calendar. [2]

During a theological debate, Marinović wrote a three-volume work with more than 1,600 pages titled Compendino storico di memorie cronologiche concernenti la religione e la morale della nazione Armena, which was to be the first modern history of Armenians written in the West. In his work, Marinović wrote about Armenian geography, a review of the political and church history of Armenia, the history of their catholicoi and synods, and a review of Armenian customs and other political and religious matters. [3]

Marinović's work influenced a final political and ecclesiastical solution to the problem of Armenian Catholics. With help from the Austrian and Russian Empire, the Vatican gained recognition of Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire and founded their Archeparchy in Istanbul in 1830. [4] Marinović's work laid a foundation for modern research of Armenian history. [5]

Mekhitarists in Vienna, present-day Austria, published some 200 books in Croatian in the humanities and natural sciences. They also published a Croatian nationalist political journal Novi pozor between 1867 and 1869. Among notable Croatian authors whose books were published by the Michtarists in Vienna were Vjekoslav Babukić, Dimitrija Demeter, Juraj Haulik, Vjekoslav Klaić, Antun Mažuranić, Matija Mesić, Ilija Okrugić, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Bogoslav Šulek, Josip Torbar and others. [6]

Armenian genocide

Croats share deep sympathy with Armenians in the aftermath of the Armenian genocide even when Croatia has not recognized the genocide. It is noted that the genocide is carefully studied and distributed in Croatia, [7] which prompted Turkish Government to demand the Croatian Government removing the content of Armenian Genocide. Zagreb refused the offer. [8]

Representation

Armenia recognised Croatia as an independent country on 21 June 1994, while diplomatic relations between the countries were established on 8 July 1996. [9] Armenia is represented in Croatia by its embassy in Rome, Italy Croatia is represented in Armenia by its embassy in Athens, Greece, [10] Both countries have honorary consulates.

Agreements

Armenia and Croatia have signed three agreements and one protocol: [11] [12]

AgreementSignatoriesDate of conclusionDate of entry into forcePlace
Protocol on cooperation between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia Flag of Armenia.svg Vahan Papazian, Foreign Minister
Flag of Croatia.svg Mate Granić, Foreign Minister
14 September 199614 September 1996Zagreb, Yerevan
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Armenia on mutual abolishing of visa requirements for holders of diplomatic and service passports Flag of Armenia.svg Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President
Flag of Croatia.svg Franjo Tuđman, President
16 June 199725 December 1999Zagreb, Yerevan
Agreement between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Armenia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income Flag of Armenia.svg Serzh Sargsyan, President
Flag of Croatia.svg Stjepan Mesić, President
22 May 2009-Yerevan
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Armenia on Co-operation in the Fields of Culture, Education and Science Flag of Armenia.svg Serzh Sargsyan, President
Flag of Croatia.svg Stjepan Mesić, President
22 May 200918 February 2010Yerevan
Memorandum of Understanding between the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia and the Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia on Cooperation in the Field of Diplomatic Training and Education Flag of Armenia.svg Ararat Mirzoyan, Foreign Minister
Flag of Croatia.svg Gordan Grlić-Radman, Foreign Minister
8 February 20238 February 2023Yerevan
References: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia; [11] Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia [12]

Trade

YearArmenia's export to Croatia (in thousands of $)Croatia's export to Armenia (in thousands of $)
2019254.8732.5
202064.6662.7
2021173.6965.4
2022387.61,009.0
Reference: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia [11]

High level visits

Visits to ArmeniaVisits to Croatia
DateVisitorReferencesDateVisitorReferences
22 May 2009 Stjepan Mesić, Croatia's President [13] 22–23 October 2003 Vartan Oskanian, Armenia's Foreign Minister [14]
20–21 March 2011 Luka Bebić, Croatia's Speaker of the Parliament [15] 7–8 September 2009 Serzh Sargsyan, Armenia's President [16]
7–8 February 2023 Gordan Grlić-Radman, Croatia's Foreign Minister [17]

Resident diplomatic missions

See also

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ Lupis 2009, pp. 207–208.
  2. ↑ Lupis 2009, pp. 208–209.
  3. ↑ Lupis 2009, p. 209.
  4. ↑ Lupis 2009, pp. 209–210.
  5. ↑ Lupis 2009, p. 203.
  6. ↑ Bagdasarov & Lupis 2014, pp. 522–523.
  7. ↑ Paradigm of the Armenian Genocide and Armenian and Croatian contacts (2).docx.
  8. ↑ "Turkey has asked the Croatian minister of Education to remove "unfair" references on the 1915 Armenian genocide from school textbooks [Document]". 29 January 2015.
  9. ↑ Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (a).
  10. ↑ Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (b).
  11. 1 2 3 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia.
  12. 1 2 Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (c).
  13. ↑ President of the Republic of Armenia (a).
  14. ↑ Index.hr & 21 October 2003.
  15. ↑ News.az & 18 March 2011.
  16. ↑ President of the Republic of Armenia (b).
  17. ↑ Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (d).

Journals

  • Bagdasarov, Artur; Lupis, Vinicije (2014). "Armenski narod, Armenska Apostolska Crkva i doprinos armenskih katolika hrvatskoj kulturi". Crkva U Svijetu (in Croatian). Split: Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu. 49 (4). ISSN   0352-4000.
  • Lupis, Vinicije (2009). "O armensko-hrvatskim kontaktima". Društvena istraživanja (in Croatian). Zagreb: Institut za primijenjena društvena istraživanja. 18 (1/2 (99-100)). ISSN   1330-0288.

News reports

Other sources

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