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Shusha or Shushi is a city in Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Situated at an altitude of 1,400–1,800 metres (4,600–5,900 ft) in the Karabakh mountains, the city was a mountain resort in the Soviet era.
The Karabakh Khanate was a semi-independent Turkic Caucasian khanate on the territories of modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan established in about 1748 under Iranian suzerainty in Karabakh and adjacent areas.
Aşağı Qışlaq is a village and municipality in the Shahbuz District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located one kilometer from the Yevlakh-Lachin-Nakhchivan highway and twelve kilometers north-east of the district center. The main sectors of industry for the village include gardening and animal husbandry. There is a secondary school, a library, a communications branch, a club, and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 917.
The Shusha fortress or Shushi fortress is a fortress surrounding the historical centre of Shusha, also called Shushi. Newly established castle town was called "Panahabad fortress" named after Panah Ali Khan who was the founder of the fort. In later years, the city was just called "Fortress". The name of Shusha was probably derived from a nearby Armenian village called Shosh or Shushikent.
The Palace of the Karabakh Khans or the Palace of Panah Ali Khan is a palace located in the historical center of the city of Shusha, the former residence of the founder of the Karabakh Khanate, Panah Ali Khan. During the reign of Panah Ali Khan, the palace was also the residence of the ruler where he lived together with his family. His son, Ibrahimkhalil Khan, together with his family and followers settled in the Palace of Ibrahimkhalil Khan built in the same period. For the eldest son of Ibrahimkhalil Khan, Mukhammedhasan Agha, another palace was built on a sheer cliff in the southeast of the Shusha plateau. In addition to these palaces, the Palace of the Khan's daughter, Natavan, and the Palace of Gara Boyuk khanim, belonging to the Khan's family, were also built in Shusha. Although in various sources the name of the Palace of the Karabakh Khan is attributed to each of these buildings, the main political residence of the Karabakh Khans was the palace-castle of the first Karabakh Khan, Panah Ali Khan.
Ibrahim Khalil Khan palace or Ibrahim Khalil Khan castle is a historical palace located in the south-eastern part of Shusha, near Dashalty village. In some sources, the palace is also called palace of Karabakh Khans.
The House of Khurshidbanu Natavan, also known as the Palace of Natavan, Daughter of the Khan, is an 18th or 19-thcentury historical and architectural monument, and a museum in Shusha, Azerbaijan.
Abdul Vahab Rahim oglu Salamzadeh, was a Soviet-Azerbaijani art critic, architect, doctor of art history, and academician. He had served as the deputy director of the Institute of Architecture and Art of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijani SSR, and head of the department of history and theory of architecture in the same institute, and received the title of Honoured Builder of the Azerbaijani SSR.
The Mehmandarovs' House is a historic palace-type residential complex located in Shusha. It is one of the most interesting examples of the 18th century's civil architecture of Azerbaijan. The residential complex, which once belonged to the Mehmandarov family, includes the Large Residential Building, the Small Residential Building and the Family Mosque. The complex is fenced with stone walls. During the Soviet time, the Shusha city hospital was located in the Large Residential Building. After coming under the control of the Armenian forces, the building was completely destroyed. During the Soviet period, the Museum of Shusha History was located in the Small Residential Building. During the years of occupation, the building was used by the Armenians as well as the Museum of city's history. The mosque located on the territory of the complex also served as the neighbourhood's mosque. During the years of the Armenian occupation, it was turned into the Museum of Geology. After the establishment of the control over the city by the Azerbaijani armed forces in 2020, the complex is undergoing repair and restoration work.
Asad-bey's House is a historical and architectural monument of the early 18th century being located in Shusha. The house belonged to one of the famous representatives of the noble family of Shusha - to Asad-bey.
The Iravan Gate or the Khalfali Gate is one of the three main gates of the Shusha fortress, located in the western part of Shusha. The other two gates are: Ganja and Aghoghlan.
Gara Boyuk Khanim Castle is one of the two Shusha castles that have survived to nowadays. The inscription above the entrance to the castle says that it was built in 1182 AH (1768).
Khoja Marjanly's Spring is a historical spring located in the city of Shusha, in the Khoja Marjanly neighbourhood, near the mosque with the same name. It was built in the 18th century. Since the occupation of Shusha by the Armenian forces on 8 May 1992, the spring was in a neglected state and eventually dried up.
Gurdlar neighbourhood was founded in the 18th century, and is one of the lower quarters of the city of Shusha. There are located the house of Zohrabbeyov, the castle of Gara Boyuk Khanim, as well as the estate of the famous public figure, writer, and teacher Ahmad bey Aghaoglu's of father.
Safi bey’s house is a historical and architectural monument of the 18th century being located in Shusha.
Mammad Hasan agha palace is a historical palace located in the historical center of Shusha city. The palace was built on a steep rock in the southeast of the Shusha plateau. The palace belonged to Mammad Hasan agha, the eldest son of Ibrahim Khalil Khan, and his family members. Agha Mohammad Shah Qajar Muhammad Hasan, who captured Shusha in 1796, began to live in the Mammad Hasan agha palace, and in 1797 he was murdered in this palace by his servant Safar Ali.
Meidan is the main city square of Shusha. Starting from Divankhana Square near the Ganja Gate of Shusha fortress, Rasta Bazaar Street, Shusha's main commercial thoroughfare, ends at the Meidan, thus connecting the Meidan and Divankhana.
Divankhana Square or Bazaar-bashi is the first and the largest city square located at the entrance to Shusha, Azerbaijan from the side of the Ganja Gate. The largest shopping street Rasta Bazaar starts from this area.
"Khan gizi" spring is a spring located next to Khan's daughter Natevan's palace in the Çöl Qala neighborhood of Shusha. The spring was built in the 19th century by the order of Khurshidbanu Natavan.
Elturan Veli oglu Avalov is an Azerbaijani artist, Honored Art Worker of Azerbaijan (1991), professor (2003). He is a full member of the Eastern Countries International Academy of Architecture, the International Academy of Ecoenergetics, the Union of Azerbaijan Architects and the Union of Azerbaijan Artists.
References
- 1 2 3 Avalov 1977, p. 47.
- ↑ Mahammadali bey Mekhfi (2006). Əhvalati-Qarabağ (PDF). Baku: Şərq-Qərb. p. 40. ISBN 978-9952-34-070-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2020.
- ↑ Elchin Galiboghlu (March 28, 2018). "Qarabağ xanlığının mərkəzi Şuşa şəhərində əhalinin məskunlaşması" (in Azerbaijani). Xalq Cəbhəsi. Archived from the original on July 8, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2022.