 Meidan in the winter of 1992 | |
| Type | square |
|---|---|
| Location | Shusha, Azerbaijan |
| Construction | |
| Completion | XIX century |
Meidan (Azerbaijani : Meydan) is the main city square of Shusha. Starting from Divankhana Square near the Ganja Gate of Shusha fortress, Rasta Bazaar Street, Shusha's main commercial thoroughfare, ends at the Meidan, thus connecting the Meidan and Divankhana.
E. Avalov notes that Meidan Shusha also played an important socio-commercial role in the designation of buildings located around it; big religious ceremonies were held here. The main architectural elements of the square are religious and commercial buildings, which is characteristic of the squares built in the cities of Azerbaijan in the 17th and 18th centuries. [1]
According to the master plan of the city of Shusha, the history of which is unknown, Meidan, the main architectural and commercial complex of the city, was formed around the first religious building. Later, the commercial and other buildings built around such mosques belonged to mosque endowments; the expenses for the maintenance of mosques and madrasahs were covered by the income obtained from the use of these buildings. [2]
By following the formation of the Meidan, it is possible to learn the way of creation of other medieval squares of Shusha. The southern end of the eastern side of Rasta Bazaar Street has been extended in depth by means of adjacent buildings. The method of creating a square by widening a part of the street can also be observed in the example of Shusha's Bazarbashi and Mardinli neighborhood squares. This method, which creates contrast as a result of the intersection of streets, creates a spacious effect even in a small area. [3]
Buildings in the southern part of the square, which continued the one-storey shopping rows extending only from the Ashaghy Bazaar Street, were used for commercial purposes. On the other side, the two-storey building facing the mosque and the other two-storey buildings connected to it on both sides are madrasa buildings. П-shaped madrasa buildings create a large courtyard around the Juma mosque. [4]
The Meidan, stretched along the axis of Rasta Bazaar street, has a rectangular shape. The square is well organized and has a neat appearance. [4]
In the Meidan, which is the planning core not only of the shopping complex, but of the city as a whole, two main commercial highways — Rasta Bazaar and its extension Sheytan Bazaar and Ashaghy Bazaar streets intersect. Unlike Divankhana, which has a flat surface, the Meidan is slightly inclined to the southeast, and the Ashaghy Bazaar Street opens from this part. [4]
The architectural complex of the Meidan includes a caravanserai from the west, and long, one-story commercial rows with large entrances from the east and south. From the south side, those trade rows develop and connect with the trade rows of the Ashaghy Bazaar. This whole composition of the square is completed in the south by the Juma mosque with two minarets of Shusha. The precise verticals of the minarets, visible from a distance, form an effective contrast with the horizontally divided side wings of the square. [5]
High-towered cathedrals built in the central squares of European cities in the Middle Ages dominate the low-rise residential buildings and are visible from all sides, indicating the location of the main shopping streets and squares to the people coming to the city. In the cities of Eastern countries, including Shusha, this role was performed by mosques with tall minarets. [4] That is why the fairly high shaft minarets and central dome of Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque dominate the architectural composition of the city. [6]
Shaki is a city in northwestern Azerbaijan, surrounded by the district of the same name. It is located on the southern part of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, 240 km (150 mi) from Baku. As of 2020, it has a population of 68,400. The center of the city and the Palace of Shaki Khans were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019 because of its unique architecture and its history as an important trading center along the Silk Road.
The Shusha or Shushi massacre, also known as the Shusha pogrom, was the mass killing of the Armenian population of Shusha from 22–26 March 1920 and the destruction and process of "cultural de-Armenianization" of Nagorno-Karabakh. The number of deaths vary across sources, with the most conservative estimate being 500, and the highest estimates reaching 20,000.
The architecture of Baku is not characterized by any particular architectural style, having accumulated its buildings over a long period of time.
Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque is a mosque located in the city of Shusha, Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The mosque also bears the name Boyuk Juma of Govhar Agha.
Caravanserai of Agha Gahraman Mirsiyab Oghlu(Azerbaijani: Ağa Qəhrəman Mirsiyab oğlunun karvansarası) also known as the Masjidli Caravanserai, is located at 31 M.F. Akhundov Street in the city of Shusha. The caravanserai has been registered as an important historical and cultural monument of the country by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The Shusha fortress (Azerbaijani: Şuşa qalası or Shushi fortress is a fortress surrounding the historical centre of Shusha, also called Shushi. The newly conquered castle town was called "Panahabad fortress" named after Panah Ali Khan who together with Melik Shahnazar was the founder of the fort. In later years, the city was just called "Fortress". A settlement at Shusha is first recorded in a 15th-century illustrated Armenian gospel kept on display at Yerevan's Matenadaran, which mentions the "Shushu village". The gospel was written by the scribe and artist Ter-Manuel in 1428, and is the earliest known artifact from the town.
Soviets Square or Sovetov Square is a city square of Rostov-on-Don, situated in Kirovskiy District at the intersection of Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, Voroshilovsky Avenue, Sokolova Avenue and Sotsialisticheskaya Street.
Ibrahim Khalil Khan palace or Ibrahim Khalil Khan castle is a historical palace located in the south-eastern part of Shusha, near Dashalty village. In some sources, the palace is also called palace of Karabakh Khans.
History of Barda includes the history of the Azerbaijani city of Barda from the medieval period to the present day.
The House of Khurshidbanu Natavan, also known as the Palace of Natavan, Daughter of the Khan, is an 18th or 19-thcentury historical and architectural monument, and a museum in Shusha, Azerbaijan.
Abdul Vahab Rahim oglu Salamzadeh, was a Soviet-Azerbaijani art critic, architect, doctor of art history, and academician. He had served as the deputy director of the Institute of Architecture and Art of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijani SSR, and head of the department of history and theory of architecture in the same institute, and received the title of Honoured Builder of the Azerbaijani SSR.
Pir Hasan Mausoleum is a historical and religious architectural monument of the XVII century located in Mardakan, Azerbaijan.
Hazra Mausoleum Complex is a complex of historical and architectural monuments built in XV-XVI centuries located in Hazra village of Qabala District.
Ashaghy Meydan or Torpag Meydany is one of the oldest squares in the city of Shusha being located in the lower part of the Shusha fortress.
Gara Boyuk Khanim Castle is one of the two Shusha castles that have survived to nowadays. The inscription above the entrance to the castle says that it was built in 1182 AH (1768).
Safi bey’s house is a historical and architectural monument of the 18th century being located in Shusha.
Mammad Hasan agha palace is a historical palace located in the historical center of Shusha city. The palace was built on a steep rock in the southeast of the Shusha plateau. The palace belonged to Mammad Hasan agha, the eldest son of Ibrahim Khalil Khan, and his family members. Agha Mohammad Shah Qajar Muhammad Hasan, who captured Shusha in 1796, began to live in the Mammad Hasan agha palace, and in 1797 he was murdered in this palace by his servant Safar Ali.
House of Haji Amir is a historical-architectural monument built by the merchant Haji Amir in the middle of the 18th century, located in the Tabrizli neighbourhood of Shusha city.
Divankhana Square or Bazaar-bashi is the first and the largest city square located at the entrance to Shusha, Azerbaijan from the side of the Ganja Gate. The largest shopping street Rasta Bazaar starts from this area.
Shah Abbas Square is a square located in the historical center of the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan. At one time, it was the main memorial complex of the suburb of the Ganja fortress. The complex of Shah Abbas Square was firstly mentioned in the plan of the Ganja fortress of 1797. This architectural ensemble, located in the center of the suburb, consisted of a mosque, a bathhouse and other buildings.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)