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The Atlantic Coast Line R-1 was a class of 12 4-8-4 Northern type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1938 and operated by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad until the early 1950s. They were immediately assigned to passenger service but eventually saw service pulling freight.
Upon delivery to the Atlantic Coast Line, the locomotives were immediately put in passenger service due to an increase in passenger business in the 1930s. Their P-5-A class Pacifics could not handle more than 12 passenger cars and would require double-heading. The R-1s handled passenger trains up to 21 heavyweight cars, eliminating the need for double-heading and ran extra sections of many of the Richmond, Virginia to Jacksonville, Florida passenger trains. While they were more powerful than their Pacifics as well as being faster, running as fast as 90 mph and probably 100 mph without much trouble reaching such speeds, the ACL was very disappointed with them, as they had poor counterbalancing and were returned to Baldwin to solve the problem. When delivered, they had a bad dynamic augment. Even after the rebuild with new disk driving wheels, they still had unacceptable amounts of dynamic augment at high speeds, as their counterbalancing weights were too high, which led to the locomotive's drivers pounding at high speeds and was said that the main drivers actually left the rails and repeatedly slammed back down, kinking rails and damaging track alignment for miles.
Despite their flaws, they were capable pullers. No. 1800 accelerated a 20-car, 1500-ton passenger train from a dead stop to 70 miles per hour in 11+1⁄2 minutes and 11 miles in a test. The class also ran as many as 18,000 miles a month in passenger service. R-1s Nos. 1800, 1801, 1806, 1807, 1808 and 1809 ran even more smoothly once they were fitted with lightweight pistons by Timken, piston rods, cross heads, and, probably most important, tapered main rods with roller bearing wrist pins. The class is rated at 6,200 tons on the Richmond to Jacksonville mainline. [1] With dieselization taking effect, the locomotives were put in freight service. Retirement started in 1951 and by 1952, all have been retired. [2]
The R-1 class were equipped with very large tenders holding 24,000 US gallons (91,000 L; 20,000 imp gal) of water and 27 short tons (24 long tons) of coal. They were mounted on a pair of eight-wheel trucks. The weight of the tender, fully loaded was 217 short tons (194 long tons) [3] In 1953, ten of the R-1 tenders were sold to the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W), where they were paired with their Y4 class 2-8-8-2 compound mallets, until they were all scrapped in 1958. [4]
None of the R-1s have been preserved, as all were scrapped by 1952 and the remaining ten tenders lasted on the N&W until 1958. [1]
| Number | Baldwin serial number | Date built | Disposition | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 62174 | March 1938 | Scrapped on December 20, 1951. [5] | |
| 1801 | 62175 | March 1938 | Scrapped on June 20, 1952. [5] | |
| 1802 | 62176 | March 1938 | Scrapped on June 20, 1952. [5] | |
| 1803 | 62177 | March 1938 | Scrapped on December 20, 1951. [5] [6] | |
| 1804 | 62178 | March 1938 | Scrapped on December 20, 1951. [5] | |
| 1805 | 62179 | March 1938 | Scrapped on December 20, 1951. [5] | |
| 1806 | 62180 | May 1938 | Scrapped on December 31, 1952. [5] | |
| 1807 | 62181 | May 1938 | Scrapped on December 31, 1952. [5] | |
| 1808 | 62182 | May 1938 | Scrapped on June 20, 1952. [5] | |
| 1809 | 62183 | May 1938 | Scrapped on December 20, 1951. [5] | |
| 1810 | 62184 | May 1938 | Scrapped on December 31, 1952. [5] | |
| 1811 | 62185 | May 1938 | Scrapped on June 20, 1952. [5] | |
The New York Central Railroad (NYC) called the 4-8-2 type of steam locomotive the Mohawk type. It was known as the Mountain type on other roads, but the New York Central did not see the name as fitting on its famous Water Level Route. Instead, it picked the name of one of those rivers its rails followed, the Mohawk River, to name its newest type of locomotive.
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of locomotives, 4-6-4 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels and four trailing wheels. In France where the type was first used, it is known as the Baltic while it became known as the Hudson in most of North America.
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The Norfolk and Western Railway, commonly called the N&W, was a US class I railroad, formed by more than 200 railroad mergers between 1838 and 1982. It was headquartered in Roanoke, Virginia, for most of its existence. Its motto was "Precision Transportation"; it had a variety of nicknames, including "King Coal" and "British Railway of America". In 1986, N&W merged with Southern Railway to form today's Norfolk Southern Railway.
Under the Whyte notation, a 2-8-4 is a steam locomotive that has two unpowered leading wheels, followed by eight coupled and powered driving wheels, and four trailing wheels. This locomotive type is most often referred to as a Berkshire, though the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway used the name Kanawha for their 2-8-4s. In Europe, this wheel arrangement was mostly seen in mainline passenger express locomotives and, in certain countries, in tank locomotives.
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.
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The Norfolk and Western J class was a class of 14 4-8-4 "Northern" streamlined steam locomotives built by the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) at its Roanoke Shops in Roanoke, Virginia, between 1941 and 1950. The most powerful 4-8-4 locomotives ever produced, the J class were part of the N&W's "Big Three" that represented the pinnacle of steam technology.
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