Auchendavy

Last updated

Auchendavy
View of the Campsie Fells - geograph.org.uk - 1459454.jpg
View of the Campsie Fells from near Auchendavy Fort [1]
Founded during the reign of Antoninus Pius
Place in the Roman world
Province Britannia
Stationed military units
Legions
20th
2nd
Location
Coordinates 55°56′57″N4°07′10″W / 55.94917°N 4.11944°W / 55.94917; -4.11944
CountyEast Dunbartonshire
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

Auchendavy was a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. [2] Much of the site archeology was destroyed by the builders of the Forth and Clyde Canal. [3] Between Bar Hill and Balmuildy the wall roughly follows the southern bank of the River Kelvin. [4] The site of the fort is north of Kirkintilloch's northern border. [5] It can be seen as a mound mid-way between the Forth and Clyde Canal and the road. [6]

Contents

Sir George Macdonald wrote about the excavation of the site. [7] He says, "Auchendavy is distinguished for the large number of antiquities found in and about it." "About it" includes Shirva Farm in Twechar where finds such as several tombstones were found.

Context

Many Roman forts along the wall held garrisons of around 500 men. [8] Larger forts like Castlecary and Birrens had a nominal cohort of 1000 men [9] but probably sheltered women and children [10] as well although the troops were not allowed to marry. [11] There is likely too to have been large communities of civilians around the site. [12]

Altars

A centurion called Marcus Cocceius Firmus dedicated as many as five altars found at Auchendavy. [13] He was a soldier with the Second Augusta Legion. [14] A sandstone altar to Jupiter and Victory was found in a pit to the south-west of the Roman fort at Auchendavy. There is also an altar to Silvanus. Similarly, a sandstone altar, dedicated to the Presiding Spirit of the Land of Britain, was found near Auchendavy fort. Again a sandstone altar to Diana and Apollo, was found near Auchendavy fort. Yet another altar to Mars was also discovered. It also has dedications to: Minerva, parade-ground goddesses, Hercules, Epona and Victory. [15]

Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0445 RIB2174.png
RIB 2174. [16] Altar dedicated to Diana and Apollo. It has been scanned and a video produced. [17]
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0445 RIB 2175.png
RIB 2175. [18] Altar dedicated to the Genius of the land of Britain. It has been scanned and a video produced. [19]
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft RIB 2176 raw 0445.png
RIB 2176. [20] Altar dedicated to Jupiter and Victorious Victory. It has been scanned and a video produced. [21]
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0445 RIB 2177.png
RIB 2177. [22] Altar dedicated to Silvanus. It has been scanned and a video produced. [23]
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0451 RIB 2178.png
RIB 2178. [24] Altar dedicated to Silvanus. It has been scanned and a video produced. [25]

Other Finds

A distance slab by the 20th Legion Valiant was found. [26] A fragment of a male torso was found too. [27]

Gordon and others speak of coins; a gold solidus of Trajan is mentioned. The ballista bullets are said to have been upwards of fifty in number. Two iron mallets were also found. [28]

Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0399Aberdeen.png
RIB 2173. Distance Slab of the Twentieth Legion [29] George MacDonald calls in no. 2 in the 2nd edition of his book The Roman Wall in Scotland. He argues, over many pages, that was originally "somewhere east of Auchendavy". [30]
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0405rough.png
RIB 2184. Distance slab of the Twentieth Legion. [31] George MacDonald calls in no. 4 in the 2nd edition of his book The Roman Wall in Scotland and describes it as belonging to Eastfield Farm. [32] It was found at Eastermains Farm. It has been scanned and a video produced. [33]
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0399Kirkintilloch2185.png
RIB 2185. Distance Slab of the Sixth Legion. [34] George MacDonald calls in no. 3 in the 2nd edition of his book The Roman Wall in Scotland. [35] It was found on near the discovery site of the 20th Legion's slab: on Eastermains Farm (which adjoins Whitehill), west of Inchbelly Bridge, east of Kirkintilloch. [36] It has been scanned and a video produced. [37] It is similar to two other distance slabs of the Sixth Legion as shown below. In 2020 a replica of the Eastermains stone was installed in Twechar. [38] [39]
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0399Castlehill2.png
Weathered Distance Slab of the Sixth Legion. [40] George MacDonald calls in no. 7 in the 2nd edition of his book The Roman Wall in Scotland. [41] It was found on East Millichen Farm, Summerston. [42] It has been scanned and a 3D model [43] and a video [44] have been produced.
Romanwallinscotl00macduoft raw 0387v3.png
RIB 2196. Distance Slab of the Sixth Legion [45] George MacDonald calls in no. 8 in the 2nd edition of his book The Roman Wall in Scotland and describes it as belonging to Castlehill or its neighbourhood. [46]

Many other artefacts have also been found at Shirva, near Twechar. [47]

View from the air above Auchendavy towards Shirva, Twechar and the Firth of Forth The Antonine Wall from the air (geograph 4517314).jpg
View from the air above Auchendavy towards Shirva, Twechar and the Firth of Forth
Forts and Fortlets associated with the Antonine Wall from west to east: Bishopton, Old Kilpatrick, Duntocher, Cleddans, Castlehill, Bearsden, Summerston, Balmuildy, Wilderness Plantation, Cadder, Glasgow Bridge, Kirkintilloch, Auchendavy, Bar Hill, Croy Hill, Westerwood, Castlecary, Seabegs, Rough Castle, Camelon, Watling Lodge, Falkirk, Mumrills, Inveravon, Kinneil, Carriden Antonine.Wall.Roman.forts.jpg
Forts and Fortlets associated with the Antonine Wall from west to east: Bishopton, Old Kilpatrick, Duntocher, Cleddans , Castlehill, Bearsden, Summerston , Balmuildy, Wilderness Plantation , Cadder, Glasgow Bridge , Kirkintilloch, Auchendavy, Bar Hill, Croy Hill, Westerwood, Castlecary, Seabegs , Rough Castle, Camelon, Watling Lodge , Falkirk, Mumrills, Inveravon, Kinneil , Carriden

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legio II Augusta</span> Roman legion

Legio II Augusta was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that was founded during the late Roman republic. Its emblems were the Capricornus, Pegasus, and Mars. It may have taken the name "Augusta" from a victory or reorganization that occurred during the reign of Augustus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legio XX Valeria Victrix</span> Roman legion

Legio XX Valeria Victrix, in English Twentieth Victorious Valeria Legion, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legio VI Victrix</span> Roman legion

Legio VI Victrix was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in 41 BC by the general Octavian. It was the twin legion of VI Ferrata and perhaps held veterans of that legion, and some soldiers kept to the traditions of the Caesarian legion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Summerston</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Summerston is a residential area of Glasgow, Scotland. With most of the housing constructed in the 1970s, it is situated in the far north of the city and is considered to be part of the larger Maryhill district, but has a different postcode; other nearby neighbourhoods are Gilshochill to the south and Cadder to the south-east. With open farmland to the north-east, Summerston is separated from the southern parts of the town of Bearsden to the north-west by the River Kelvin and a golf course.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duntocher</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Duntocher is a village in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It has an estimated population of 6,850. The etymology of the name of the village indicates that its name means "the fort on the causeway".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Kilpatrick</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Old Kilpatrick, is a village in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It has an estimated population of 4,820. It belonged to the parish of Old Kilpatrick which itself was only a few thousand people strong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cadder</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Cadder is a district of the town of Bishopbriggs, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is located 7 km north of Glasgow city centre, 0.5 km south of the River Kelvin, and approximately 1.5 km north-east of Bishopbriggs town centre, sited on the route of the Forth and Clyde Canal. There is a Glasgow council housing scheme of a similar name, generally pronounced Cawder, in the district of Lambhill some 3 miles (5 km) to the south-west along the Canal, which was built in the early 1950s. Similarly, within Cadder, there is Cawder Golf Club, which also uses that original pronunciation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Twechar</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Twechar is a small former mining village historically in Dunbartonshire and administered by the council area of East Dunbartonshire, Scotland close to the boundary with North Lanarkshire. It lies between the larger towns of Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch. The Forth and Clyde Canal runs close to the village to the north, and closely follows the line of the Antonine Wall. There are visible remains of the wall on Bar Hill and the Roman Fort is a local tourist attraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rough Castle Fort</span> Ruins of a Roman fort in Scotland

Rough Castle Fort is a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall roughly 2 kilometres south east of Bonnybridge near Tamfourhill in the Falkirk council area, Scotland. It is owned by the National Trust for Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castlecary</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Castlecary is a small historic village in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, directly adjacent to the border with Falkirk. It has long been associated with infrastructure, being adjacent to a bridged river, a Roman fort and roads, a nationwide canal, a Victorian railway viaduct, and a modern motorway. Castlecary is close to the town of Cumbernauld but like Dullatur and Luggiebank is not officially part of the town. Around 1725, the barony of Castlecary, with a population of just seventeen families, was disjoined from the parish of Falkirk, and annexed to Cumbernauld quoad sacra. Castlecary is also near Allandale which, though in the Falkirk council area, was built for Castlecary fireclay workers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westerwood</span>

Westerwood is an area in the north-east of Cumbernauld in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Historically it was the site of a Roman Fort of which a video reconstruction has been produced. In the past two decades, new housing developments have been built around the Westerwood Hotel and Golf Course. The golf course, which was designed by Seve Ballesteros and Dave Thomas, is located on the north side of the town, close to Cumbernauld Airport. Westerwood Community Council was set up for local residents and a committee has been appointed. Neighbouring villages which are outside of Cumbernauld include Dullatur to the north-west and Castlecary to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonine Wall</span> Defensive fortification in Roman Britain

The Antonine Wall, known to the Romans as Vallum Antonini, was a turf fortification on stone foundations, built by the Romans across what is now the Central Belt of Scotland, between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth. Built some twenty years after Hadrian's Wall to the south, and intended to supersede it, while it was garrisoned it was the northernmost frontier barrier of the Roman Empire. It spanned approximately 63 kilometres and was about 3 metres high and 5 metres wide. Lidar scans have been carried out to establish the length of the wall and the Roman distance units used. Security was bolstered by a deep ditch on the northern side. It is thought that there was a wooden palisade on top of the turf. The barrier was the second of two "great walls" created by the Romans in Great Britain in the second century AD. Its ruins are less evident than those of the better-known and longer Hadrian's Wall to the south, primarily because the turf and wood wall has largely weathered away, unlike its stone-built southern predecessor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridgeness Slab</span> Roman distance slab created around 142 CE

The Bridgeness Slab is a Roman distance slab created around 142 CE marking a portion of the Antonine Wall built by the Second Legion. It is regarded as the most detailed and best preserved of the Scottish distance slabs. The sandstone tablet was found at Bridgeness in Bo'ness, Scotland in 1868 on a promontory close to Harbour Road. The original is in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, while a replica is near the site of its discovery.

The Cohors VI Nerviorum was an auxiliary unit of Roman Army Cohors quinquagenaria peditata type attested in the Roman province of Britannia from the second century to the early fifth century AD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Croy Hill</span>

Croy Hill was a Roman fort, fortlet, and probable temporary camp on the Antonine Wall, near Croy, to the north east of the village in Scotland. Two communication platforms known as ‘expansions’ can be seen to the west of the fortlet. Alexander Park excavated the site in 1890-1891. Sir George Macdonald wrote about his excavation of the site which occurred in 1920, 1931, and 1935. At Croy Hill, the ditch in front of the rampart was not excavated by the Romans. It is likely that hard basalt and dolerite of the hill was virtually impossible to shape with Roman tools. This is the only place along the Wall where the ditch wasn't dug. There is a bath house just outside one fort. A video reconstruction of the site has been produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleddans</span> Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall, Scotland

Cleddans is the site of a Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. Its postulated existence was confirmed by trial trenching in 1979. Evidence of building work on Cleddans and on the Wall by units of both the sixth and the twentieth legions has been found in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Watling Lodge</span>

Watling Lodge was a Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. It was located near what is now Lock Sixteen on the Forth and Clyde Canal in Falkirk with neighbouring forts at Rough Castle to the west and Falkirk to the east. There was also a fort at Camelon to the north. There was also a Roman temporary camp found a short distance south of the site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mumrills</span>

Mumrills was the site of the largest Roman fort on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. It is possible that Mumrills could exchange signals with Flavian Gask Ridge forts. Some believe Mumrills may have been the site of Wallace's defeat at the Battle of Falkirk. The farm at Mumrills was also used as an early site for the Falkirk Relief Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castlehill Fort</span>

Castlehill was a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall in Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balmuildy</span>

Balmuildy is the site of a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. It is one of only two forts on the Antonine Wall to have been found with stone ramparts; the other is Castlecary. A digital reconstruction of the fort has been created.

References

  1. "near Auchendavy". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  2. "Auchendavy; Antonine Wall". CANMORE . Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland . Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  3. "Grim's Dyke - Destruction". Antoninewall.co.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2017.[ permanent dead link ]
  4. Roy, William. "Map of the Scottish Lowlands". National Library for Scotland. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  5. "OS 25 inch map 1892-1949, with Bing opacity slider". National Library of Scotland. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  6. "The Auchendavy Antonine Fort". Roman Britain. Archived from the original on 4 June 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  7. Macdonald, Sir George (1934). The Roman wall in Scotland, by Sir George Macdonald (2d ed., rev., enl., and in great part rewritten ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon press. pp. 285–289. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  8. "Soldier". Frontiers of the Roman Empire. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  9. Miller, S. N. (1952). The Roman Occupation Of South Western Scotland Being Reports Of Excavations And Surveys Carried Out Under The Auspices Of The Glasgow Archaeological Society By John Clarke, J. M. Davidson, Anne S. Robertson, J. K. St. Joseph, Edited For The Society With An Historical Survey By S. N. Miller. Glasgow: Robert Maclehose & Company Limited. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  10. "Children". Frontiers of the Roman Empire. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  11. "Roman child's leather shoe". A History of the World. BBC. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  12. Rohl, Darrell, Jesse. "More than a Roman Monument: A Place-centred Approach to the Long-term History and Archaeology of the Antonine Wall" (PDF). Durham Theses. Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online ref: 9458. Retrieved 14 October 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. "The Antonine Wall: Rome's Final Frontier Teachers' Resource Pack" (PDF). The Antonine Wall: Rome’s Final Frontier. Glasgow University. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  14. Birley, Eric (1953). Roman Britain and The Roman army collected papers. Kendal: Titus Wilson and Son. pp. 87–103. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  15. "altar to Mars, Minerva, parade-ground goddesses, Hercules, Epona and Victory". Hunterian Museum & Art Gallery Collections: GLAHM F.27. University of Glasgow. Retrieved 11 November 2017.[ permanent dead link ]
  16. "RIB 2174. Altar dedicated to Diana and Apollo". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  17. "Altar to Diana and Apollo, Auchendavy" . Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  18. "RIB 2175. Altar dedicated to the Genius of the land of Britain". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  19. "Altar to the Presiding Spirit of Britain, Auchendavy" . Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  20. "RIB 2176. Altar dedicated to Jupiter and Victorious Victory". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  21. "Altar to Jupiter and Victory, Auchendavy" . Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  22. "RIB 2177. Altar dedicated to Mars, Minerva, the Goddesses of the Parade-ground, Hercules, Epona, and Victory". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  23. "Altar to Mars, Auchendavy" . Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  24. "RIB 2178. Altar dedicated to Silvanus". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  25. "Altar to Silvanus, Auchendavy" . Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  26. "Distance Slabs". Antonine Wall. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  27. "male torso (frag)". Hunterian Museum & Art Gallery Collections: GLAHM F.45. University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  28. "Auchendavy". The Antonine Wall. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  29. "RIB 2173. Distance Slab of the Twentieth Legion". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  30. Macdonald, Sir George (1934). The Roman wall in Scotland, by Sir George Macdonald (2d ed., rev., enl., and in great part rewritten ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon press. pp. 365–366, 370, 372, 381, 393. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  31. "RIB 2184. Distance Slab of the Sixth Legion". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  32. Macdonald, Sir George (1934). The Roman wall in Scotland, by Sir George Macdonald (2d ed., rev., enl., and in great part rewritten ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon press. pp. 367–369. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  33. "Distance slab of the 20th Legion, Eastermains, Kirkintilloch" . Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  34. "RIB 2185. Distance Slab of the Sixth Legion". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  35. Macdonald, Sir George (1934). The Roman wall in Scotland, by Sir George Macdonald (2d ed., rev., enl., and in great part rewritten ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon press. pp. 366–367. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  36. "OS 25 inch map 1892-1949, with Bing opacity slider". National Library of Scotland. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  37. "Distance Slab of the Sixth Legion, Eastermains" . Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  38. Sabljak, Ema (26 December 2020). "Rediscovering the Antonine Wall £2.1m project makes mark". Glasgow Evening Times.
  39. Mitchell, Jenness (28 December 2020). "Roman replica takes pride of place near Antonine Wall site". STV news.
  40. "East Millichen". Canmore. Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  41. Macdonald, Sir George (1934). The Roman wall in Scotland, by Sir George Macdonald (2d ed., rev., enl., and in great part rewritten ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon press. pp. 376–377. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  42. "OS 25 inch map 1892-1949, with Bing opacity slider". National Library of Scotland. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  43. "Distance Slab from the Antonine Wall (A.1942.18)". Sketchfab. glasgowmuseums. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  44. "A.1942.18EastMillichenSlab" . Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  45. "RIB 2196. Distance Slab of the Sixth Legion". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  46. Macdonald, Sir George (1934). The Roman wall in Scotland, by Sir George Macdonald (2d ed., rev., enl., and in great part rewritten ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon press. pp. 377–381. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  47. "OS 25 inch 1892-1949". National Library of Scotland. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 26 October 2017.