Autonomous university

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Autonomous university typically refers to a university that exercises a high degree of autonomy from the state. [1] [2] The main dimensions of university autonomy are academic, organizational, financial and staffing autonomy. [1]

Contents

The 1988 Magna Charta Universitatum defines the first fundamental principle of a university to be an "autonomous institution" whose "research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent of all political authority and economic power". [3] Different countries have their own implementation of university autonomy. [4]

By country

China

In 2011, the Southern University of Science and Technology launched in Shenzhen, Guangdong. [5] It was marketed as China's first "autonomous" university, though the level of autonomy from state institutions is disputed. [5]

Latin America

Students raise the flag of Argentina at the National University of Cordoba Reforma Universitaria.jpg
Students raise the flag of Argentina at the National University of Córdoba

Many Latin American countries and their universities have been affected by authoritarian dictatorships. [6] Student revolts starting from the National University of Córdoba in Argentina through to Mexico, [7] expanded the concept of university autonomy in many of these countries, where it is often constitutionally guaranteed. [6]

These include Argentina, [8] Bolivia, [9] Chile, [10] Colombia, [11] Costa Rica, [12] Dominican Republic, [13] El Salvador, [14] Guatemala, [15] Honduras, [16] Mexico, [17] Nicaragua, [18] Panama, [19] Peru [20] and Venezuela. [21]

Portugal

The Autonomous University of Lisbon is the first private university in Portugal. [22]

Singapore

In Singapore, autonomous universities are universities that are publicly funded but are autonomous from the state. [23] All public universities in Singapore are autonomous. [23]

Spain

In Spain, autonomy is guaranteed to universities under Section 27 of the Spanish Constitution, which states that the "autonomy of Universities is recognized, under the terms established by the law." [24]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Pruvot, Enora Bennetot; Estermann, Thomas (2017). "University Autonomy in Europe III" (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: European University Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  2. ↑ Serrano Migallón, Fernando (1996). "University Autonomy: A Guarantee of Independence and Academic Freedom". Voices of Mexico (37). Mexico City: National Autonomous University of Mexico: 57–62. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  3. ↑ "Magna Charta Universitatum" (PDF). Magna Charta Universitatum . Bologna, Italy. 18 September 1988. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  4. ↑ Anderson, Don; Johnson, Richard (April 1988). "University Autonomy in Twenty Countries" (PDF). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian National University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  5. 1 2 Leung, Mimi (25 August 2011). "CHINA: Compromises for new 'autonomous' university". University World News. London, United Kingdom: Higher Education Web Publishing. Archived from the original on 28 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  6. 1 2 Bernasconi, Andrés (14 October 2024). "Latin America: Weak academic freedom within strong university autonomy". Global Constitutionalism: 1–22. doi: 10.1017/S204538172400011X . ISSN   2045-3817.
  7. ↑ Castro-Valencia, Alberto Merced; Perez, Cesar Omar Mora; Arriaga, Fabíola Guadalupe López (25 July 2024). "UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY IN MEXICO CASE OF THE AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF MEXICO". International Journal of Professional Business Review. 9 (7): e04852. doi: 10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i7.4852 . ISSN   2525-3654.
  8. ↑ "Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 1994. Archived from the original on 19 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  9. ↑ "Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2009 Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2009. Archived from the original on 26 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  10. ↑ "Chile 2023 Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2023. Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  11. ↑ "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  12. ↑ "Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2011. Archived from the original on 17 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  13. ↑ "Dominican Republic 2015 Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  14. ↑ "El Salvador 1983 (rev. 2014) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  15. ↑ "Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 1993. Archived from the original on 11 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  16. ↑ "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2013. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  17. ↑ "Mexico 1917 (rev. 2015) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2015. Archived from the original on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  18. ↑ "Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2014. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  19. ↑ "Panama 1972 (rev. 2004) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2004. Archived from the original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  20. ↑ "Peru 1993 (rev. 2021) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2021. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  21. ↑ "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1999 (rev. 2009)". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  22. ↑ "Why Autónoma". Autonomous University of Lisbon . Lisbon, Portugal. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  23. 1 2 "Post-Secondary". Ministry of Education . Singapore: Government of Singapore. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  24. ↑ "Spain 1978 (rev. 2011) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project . Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2011. Archived from the original on 6 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
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