| Azoarcus anaerobius | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Betaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Rhodocyclales |
| Family: | Rhodocyclaceae |
| Genus: | Azoarcus |
| Species: | A. anaerobius |
| Binomial name | |
| Azoarcus anaerobius Springer et al. 1998 [1] | |
| Type strain [2] | |
| DSM 12081, LuFRes1 | |
Azoarcus anaerobius is a gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, catalase-negative, nitrate-reducing, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Azoarcus . [3] [4] [5]
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product of these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur. Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H
2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds. In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Klebsiella aerogenes, previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium. The bacterium is approximately 1–3 microns in length, and is capable of motility via peritrichous flagella.
"Aromatoleum" is a genus of bacteria capable of microbial biodegradation of organic pollutants. It has one single described species member, A. aromaticum, for which the only strain is strain EbN1.
In enzymology, a phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating; EC 1.2.1.58) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, also called hydroxy-para-benzoquinone, is an organic compound with formula C
6H
4O
3, formally derived from 1,4-Benzoquinone by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl (OH) group. It is one of three hydroxybenzoquinone isomers and one of the simplest hydroxyquinones.
(S)-1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.311, PED) is an enzyme with systematic name (S)-1-phenylethanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Desulfuromonas acetoxidans is a species of bacteria. It is strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped, laterally flagellated and Gram-negative. It is unable to ferment organic substances; it obtains energy for growth by anaerobic sulfur respiration.
Thauera aromatica is a species of bacteria. Its type strain is K 172T.
Thermotoga neapolitana is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales.
Azoarcus toluclasticus is a gram negative bacterium from the genus Azoarcus.
Desulfovibrio butyratiphilus is a bacterium. It is Gram-negative, butyrate-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing. It is also strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. Its type strain is BSYT.
Pelobacter venetianus is a species of bacteria that degrade polyethylene glycol. It is strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, and nonspore-forming.
Pectinatus frisingensis is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a species of bacteria belonging to the Peptostreptococcus genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. Peptostreptococcus are slow-growing bacteria sometimes resistance to antimicrobial drugs. P. anaerobius is intrinsically resistant to sodium polyethanol sulfonate (SPS), a component found in many types of blood culture media.
Paludibacter is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic and non-motile genus from the phylum Bacteroidota.
Pelospora is a Gram-negative strictly anaerobic and spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae with one known species.
Geovibrio is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Deferribacteraceae.
Coprothermobacter platensis is a species of moderately thermophilic and strictly anaerobic bacterium belonging to the family Coprothermobacteraceae within the phylum Coprothermobacterota.
Thioflavicoccus is a Gram-negative, obligately phototrophic, strictly anaerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Chromatiaceae with one known species.
Halanaerobium fermentans is a Gram-negative and strictly anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Halanaerobium which has been isolated from puffer fish ovaries.
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