Bakshi Tek Chand | |
---|---|
Member of Constituent Assembly of India | |
In office 9 December 1946 –25 January 1950 | |
Constituency | Punjab |
Member of 3rd Punjab Legislative Council | |
In office 3 January 1927 –23 October 1930 | |
Chairmen of Patents Enquiry Committee | |
Appointed by | Government of India |
Personal details | |
Born | August 26,1883 Kangra district |
Bakshi Tek Chand was an Indian lawyer and jurist from Punjab. He served as a judge in the Punjab High Court during the British Raj,and as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India after independence.
He was born in August 26,1883 in the Kangra district in the then province of Punjab in British India. [1] [2]
He served as a judge in the Punjab High Court in British India. [3]
After his retirement,he was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India in 1946 from the province of Punjab. [4] After the Partition of India,he opted to move to independent India.
In October 1947,the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir,having released the popular leader Sheikh Abdullah from prison with the expectation of his participation in the government of the state,appointed Bakshi Tek Chand to frame a constitution for the state. [3] The appointment was on 21 October 1947,one day before the Pakistani tribal invasion of Kashmir was launched,which put a hold on the effort. With the state's accession to India in the wake of the invasion,Bakshi continued to be involved in the negotiations for arranging the state's governance. [5]
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code,structure,procedures,powers,and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights,directive principles,and the duties of citizens,based on the proposal suggested by M. N. Roy. It is the longest written national constitution in the world.
Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India which existed from India's independence in 1947 until 1956. Rajpramukhs were the appointed governors of certain Indian provinces and states.
Maharaja Sir Hari Singh was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Ram Chandra Kak was the prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir during 1945–1947. One of the very few Kashmiri Pandits to ever hold that post,Kak had the intractable job of navigating the troubled waters of the transfer of power from British Raj to the independent dominions of India and Pakistan.
The Indian Independence Act 1947 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. The Act received Royal Assent on 18 July 1947 and thus modern-day India and Pakistan,comprising west and east regions,came into being on 15 August.
The Jammu and Kashmir Rifles is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. Its origins lay in the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. After the accession of the state to the Indian Union in October 1947,the State Forces came under the command of the Indian Army. They remained in the original form until 1956 when Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly effectively ratified the state's accession to India. Then the State Forces became the Jammu and Kashmir Regiment of the Indian Army. In 1963,the designation was changed to Jammu and Kashmir Rifles. After the conversion,the Ladakh Scouts came under the aegis of the Regiment,where it remained until raised as a separate Regiment in 2002.
The high courts of India are the highest courts of appellate jurisdiction in each state and union territory of India. However,a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters,if so designated,especially by the constitution,a state law or union law.
Article 370 of the Indian constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir,a region located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and part of the larger region of Kashmir which has been the subject of a dispute between India,Pakistan and China since 1947. Jammu and Kashmir was administered by India as a state from 17 November 1952 to 31 October 2019,and Article 370 conferred on it the power to have a separate constitution,a state flag,and autonomy of internal administration.
The Dominion of India,officially the Union of India,was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations existing between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950. Until its independence,India had been ruled as an informal empire by the United Kingdom. The empire,also called the British Raj and sometimes the British Indian Empire,consisted of regions,collectively called British India,that were directly administered by the British government,and regions,called the princely states,that were ruled by Indian rulers under a system of paramountcy. The Dominion of India was formalised by the passage of the Indian Independence Act 1947,which also formalised an independent Dominion of Pakistan—comprising the regions of British India that are today Pakistan and Bangladesh. The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced. Under the Act,the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly,the British monarch's regnal title,"Emperor of India," was abandoned.
The following is a timeline of the Kashmir conflict,a territorial conflict between India,Pakistan and,to a lesser degree,China. India and Pakistan have been involved in four wars and several border skirmishes over the issue.
Maharaja Gulab Singh Jamwal (1792–1857) was the founder of Dogra dynasty and the first Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir,which was a part of Panjab and Sikh Empire became the largest princely state under the British Raj,which was created after the defeat of the Sikh Empire in the First Anglo-Sikh War. During the war,Gulab Singh would later side with the British and end up becoming the Prime Minister of Sikh Empire. The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) formalised the transfer of all the lands in Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the Treaty of Lahore.
Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad (1907–1972) was an Indian politician belonging to the Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,who served as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 1953 to 1964. Bakshi was a member of the National Conference from its founding and rose to be the second in command to the principal leader Sheikh Abdullah. He served as the Deputy Prime Minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir between 1947 and 1953,but disagreed with Abdullah's advocacy of independence for the state in 1953. He staged a 'coup' with the help of the Head of State Karan Singh,resulting in the dismissal and imprisonment of Sheikh Abdullah. Bakshi was the longest serving Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir,whose rule saw the formulation of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir and a normalisation of relations of Jammu and Kashmir with the Indian government.
Mehr Chand Mahajan was an Indian jurist and politician who was the third chief justice of the Supreme Court of India. Prior to that he was the prime minister of the state of Jammu and Kashmir during the reign of Maharaja Hari Singh and played a key role in the accession of the state to India. He was the Indian National Congress nominee on the Radcliffe Commission that defined the boundaries of India and Pakistan.
Sir Benegal Narsing Rau was an Indian civil servant,jurist,diplomat and statesman known for his key role in drafting the Constitution of India as the Constitutional Advisor to Constituent Assembly. He was also India's representative to the United Nations Security Council from 1950 to 1952. His brothers were Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Benegal Rama Rau and journalist and politician B. Shiva Rao.
The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir was a body of representatives elected in 1951 to formulate the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir. The Constituent Assembly was dissolved on 26 January 1957,based on Mir Qasim resolution it adopted and ratified the constitution of jammu and kashmir on 17 November 1956.
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly,also known as the Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha is the legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Pakistan officially joined the United Nations (UN) on 30 September 1947 just over a month after it came into existence. Today,it is a charter member and participates in all of the UN's specialised agencies and organisations. Pakistan has been elected seven times into the UN Security Council,with the most recent term in 2013. It is also one of the countries which has had a diplomat,Muhammad Zafarullah Khan,serve a term as the President of the United Nations General Assembly.
The Jammu Praja Parishad was a political party active in the Jammu Division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. It was founded in November 1947 by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh activist Balraj Madhok,and served as the main opposition party in the state. It maintained close ties with Bharatiya Jana Sangh during its lifetime and merged with the latter in 1963. Its main activity was to campaign for the close integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India and oppose the special status granted to the state under the Article 370 of the Indian constitution. After its merger with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh,the precursor of the present day Bharatiya Janata Party,the party gradually rose in stature. As an integral part of the Bharatiya Janata Party,it was a partner in the ruling coalition led by the People's Democratic Party.
The first elections for the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir under its own Constitution were held in March–June 1957. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.
Elections for the Constituent Assembly of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in September–October 1951. Sheikh Abdullah was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Following frictions with various groups such as the Jammu Praja Parishad agitation,Abdullah was dismissed in August 1953 and imprisoned. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed as the next prime minister.