Basilissa superba

Last updated

Basilissa superba
Basilissa superba 001.jpg
Drawing with two views of a shell of Basilissa superba
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Vetigastropoda
Superfamily: Seguenzioidea
Family: Seguenziidae
Subfamily: Seguenziinae
Genus: Basilissa
Species:
B. superba
Binomial name
Basilissa superba
Watson, 1879 [1]

Basilissa superba is a species of extremely small deep water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae. [2] [3]

In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Sea snail common name for snails that normally live in saltwater

Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in salt water, in other words marine gastropods. The taxonomic class Gastropoda also includes snails that live in other habitats, such as land snails and freshwater snails. Many species of sea snails are edible and exploited as food sources by humans.

Family is one of the eight major hierarcical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as being the "walnut family".

Contents

Description

The height of this species attains 20 mm. The high, flat-based, cream-colored shell has a concavely conical shape. It is sharply angulated, thin, and finely reticulated. It shows a very faint nacre.

Sculpture: There are about twenty delicate threads, very nearly but not quite regular in thickness or distance, on the upper part of the body whorl. They slowly decrease in number on the previous whorls. The two (or three) which form the carina are thrown out a little on a projecting whitish fillet, which encircles the base of the whorls. This whitish fillet extends to the base, when it forms a narrow obliquely-corrugated edging. On the base there are about thirty spirals, more crowded, flattened, and irregular than above, and the edge of the umbilicus is defined by another whitish fillet, ornamented with about thirty oblong beads. One or two smaller and more faintly beaded threads lie within the edge of the umbilicus.

Sculpture (mollusc)

Sculpture is a feature of many of the shells of mollusks. It is three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface of the shell, as distinct from either the basic shape of the shell itself or the pattern of colouration, if any. Sculpture is a feature found in the shells of gastropods, bivalves, and scaphopods. The word "sculpture" is also applied to surface features of the aptychus of ammonites, and to the outer surface of some calcareous opercula of marine gastropods such as some species in the family Trochidae.

Body whorl

The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk.

Umbilicus (mollusc)

The umbilicus of a shell is the axially aligned, hollow cone-shaped space within the whorls of a coiled mollusc shell. The term umbilicus is often used in descriptions of gastropod shells, i.e. it is a feature present on the ventral side of many snail shells, including some species of sea snails, land snails, and freshwater snails.

Longitudinals: There are of these on the last whorl about 120. They are flexuous, marking the lines of growth, rather stronger, more regular and more distant than the spirals, which run over the top of them and form little white nodes at the crossings. The intersections of these two systems cut the whole surface into rhombic reticulations, whose breadth is about 0.28 mm and their height 0.15 mm. The longitudinal threads themselves are about 0.13 mm and the spirals about 0.077 mm broad. On the base, the longitudinals are flattened and spread out into undulations.

Color: creamy, on a dull polished surface, with a faint nacreous gleam which is pearly within the mouth. The apex is ruddy.

The spire is high and conical with slightly concave slopes. The apex is broken. On the upper whorls the longitudinals are strong, while the spirals are obsolete, except the carinal fillet, which projects bluntly above the suture. The 14 whorls show a very regular increase. They are very slightly convex, sharply acute-angled at the carina. The base of the shell is flat at the outer edge and barely convex in the middle, with a slight dip in toward the edge of the umbilicus which is strongly defined. The suture is linear, defined by the white carinal fillet, and also on the lower whorls by being very slightly impressed. The aperture is perpendicular, rhomboidal, the basal and palatal lines being parallel, the other two are somewhat diverging and curved, broader than high. The outer lip is sharp and thin, not patulous, not descending, with a shallow open sinus below the suture, then, about the middle of the whorl, it advances with a rounded sweep, retreating sharply across the carina to form the open rounded basal sinus toward the outer edge of the base. The columellar lip is sharp and thin. It rises from the body a good way within the edge of the umbilicus. It retreats so as to form a sinus, and then it bends over a little on the umbilicus, and it forms a sharp angle projecting into a tooth at the extreme point of the pillar. The umbilicus is strong, deep, abrupt, there being on the base only a very slight dip in toward it and it is defined by the white-beaded fillet. Within, besides the two spiral lines, there are slight longitudinal striations, and the inner edge of the whorls twines like a staircase round it, but concealed by the overcurve of the columellar lip. [4]

Spire (mollusc)

A spire is a part of the coiled shell of molluscs. The spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl. Each spire whorl represents a rotation of 360°. A spire is part of the shell of a snail, a gastropod mollusc, a gastropod shell, and also the whorls of the shell in ammonites, which are fossil shelled cephalopods.

Whorl (mollusc)

A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the ammonites.

In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

Distribution

This marine speciers occurs off Northeast Australia.

Related Research Articles

<i>Ancistrobasis reticulata</i> species of mollusc

Ancistrobasis reticulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

<i>Asthelys munda</i> species of mollusc

Asthelys munda is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

<i>Calliotropis aeglees</i> species of mollusc

Calliotropis aeglees is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

<i>Calliotropis glypta</i> species of mollusc

Calliotropis glypta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

Calliotropis infundibulum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

<i>Calliotropis rhina</i> species of mollusc

Calliotropis rhina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

<i>Carenzia trispinosa</i> species of mollusc

Carenzia trispinosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

Echinogurges clavatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

<i>Hadroconus altus</i> species of mollusc

Hadroconus altus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

Quinnia ionica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

<i>Solariella charopa</i> species of mollusc

Solariella charopa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

<i>Calliotropis tiara</i> species of mollusc

Calliotropis tiara is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

<i>Spectamen philippense</i> species of mollusc

Spectamen philippense is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

Margarites dnopherus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Margaritidae.

<i>Phanerolepida transenna</i> species of mollusc

Phanerolepida transenna is a rare species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

<i>Calliostoma aurora</i> species of mollusc

Calliostoma aurora, common name the dawn top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

<i>Calliostoma stirophorum</i> species of mollusc

Calliostoma stirophorum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

Bathybembix aeola, common name the changing margarite, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

<i>Asthelys simplex</i> species of mollusc

Asthelys simplex is a species of extremely small deep water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

Rotellenzia lampra is a species of extremely small deep water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

References

  1. Watson, R.B. (1879). Mollusca of H.M.S. 'Challenger' Expedition. Part IV. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 14: 692-716. World Register of Marine Species, Retrieved 2013-06-09.
  2. WoRMS (2013). Basilissa superba Watson, 1879. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=492344 on 2013-06-10
  3. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)
  4. Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia