Bernheimer-Haus

Last updated March 14, 2019

The Bernheimer-Haus, also known as the Bernheimer Palace, is a residential and commercial building located on Lenbachplatz 3 in Munich. The building was built in 1888/89 by architect Friedrich von Thiersch with a neo-barouque style façade designed by his apprentice Martin Dülfer, making the building one of the first of its kind^[1] and later the most influential for all other buildings of its type in Munich. The building is protected as cultural heritage.^[2]

The Baroque Revival, also known as Neo-Baroque, was an architectural style of the late 19th century. The term is used to describe architecture which displays important aspects of Baroque style, but is not of the Baroque period proper—i.e., the 17th and 18th centuries. Elements of the Baroque architectural tradition were an essential part of the curriculum of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the pre-eminent school of architecture in the second half of the 19th century, and are integral to the Beaux-Arts architecture it engendered both in France and abroad. An ebullient sense of European imperialism encouraged an official architecture to reflect it in Britain and France, and in Germany and Italy the Baroque revival expressed pride in the new power of the unified state.

Martin Dülfer was a German architect.

Cultural heritage management (CHM) is the vocation and practice of managing cultural heritage. It is a branch of cultural resources management (CRM), although it also draws on the practices of cultural conservation, restoration, museology, archaeology, history and architecture. While the term cultural heritage is generally used in Europe, in the USA the term cultural resources is in more general use specifically referring to cultural heritage resources. CHM has traditionally been concerned with the identification, interpretation, maintenance, and preservation of significant cultural sites and physical heritage assets, although intangible aspects of heritage, such as traditional skills, cultures and languages are also considered. The subject typically receives most attention, and resources, in the face of threat, where the focus is often upon rescue or salvage archaeology. Possible threats include urban development, large-scale agriculture, mining activity, looting, erosion or unsustainable visitor numbers. The public face of CHM, and a significant source of income to support continued management of heritage, is the interpretation and presentation to the public, where it is an important aspect of tourism. Communicating with government and the public is therefore a key competence.

History

The Lenbachplatz is located on the abandoned western Munich city fortifications. It is located north of Stachus and goes northeast into the Maximiliansplatz. The western side is the location of three spacious and stylistically coherent structures from the period between 1887 and 1905, the Bernheimer Palace was the first of them and as the surrounding area became more appealing, the other two neighboring buildings were torn down and replaced with new buildings following the style of the Bernheimer Palace.

Stachus is a large square in central Munich, southern Germany. The square was officially named Karlsplatz in 1797 after the unpopular Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. Munich natives seldom use that name, calling the square instead Stachus, after the pub Beim Stachus, once owned by Eustachius Föderl, that was located there until construction work for Karlsplatz began. Even the U-Bahn and S-Bahn announcements use the unofficial name.

In 1864, Lehmann Bernheimer founded a business for high-quality textiles in Munich’s old town and expanded his business with the manufacture of luxury goods for in the living area. In 1882 he became the provider of goods to the Royal Bavarian family, which allowed him to take over the old building located in the Altstadt, which still held its medieval floor plans, and planned to turn it into a representative of new architecture. In 1887 he bought a small coffee house with a beer garden, which was owned and run by an Englishman, therefore called the English Café. This stretched between Ottostraße and Lenbachplatz, where the building was set back from the Ottostraße. The beer garden covered the full width of the property from Lenbachplatz, and this is where the Bernheimer’s commercial building was built. Bernheimer was well integrated in the highest circles of Munich society, and because of this, the grand opening of his office building was made in December 1889 by Prince Regent Luitpold.^[3] In February 1897, a fire broke out in the basement, where the inventory and portions of the building were severely damaged. The building could be reopened at the time of Pentecost in 1897. When the building was being repaired, the coffee house was integrated. Starting in 1900, Bernheimer added antiques, tapestry, and valuable carpets to the assortment. As the business grew, the existing premises were insufficient and in 1909/10 Bernheimer-Haus was completed with the construction of a rearward building. In 1918 Lehmann Bernheimer's son, Otto Bernheimer, took over the business. During Nazi dictatorship, the company was initially protected because Otto Bernheimer was a Honorary Consul of Mexico. In 1938/39, after destruction and threats during November Pogrom, the company was aryanized and the Bernheimer family was initially detained in Dachau and then forced into exile.^[4]

The House of Wittelsbach is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.

Altstadt is the German language word for "old town", and generally refers to the historical town or city centre within the old town or city wall, in contrast to younger suburbs outside. Neustadt, the logical opposite of "Altstadt", mostly stands for a part of the "Altstadt" in modern sense, sometimes only a few years younger than the oldest part, sometimes a late medieval enlargement.

A beer garden is an outdoor area in which beer and local food are served, typically at shared tables. Common entertainment includes music, song, and games, enjoyed in an atmosphere of Gemütlichkeit.

During the Second World War the building was damaged, including the roof with the spire caving in. After the war, Otto Bernheimer, who had returned from Venezuela in 1946, received Bernheimer-Haus again as Wiedergutmachung. He restored the roof by building it in a simplified form, on the main floor a movie theater was built, which later became the local dance hall. In 1948 Otto Bernheimer started with art trade. In 1977 Otto Bernheimers grandson, Konrad O. Bernheimer, took over, and the company was specializing in Old Master paintings from the 16th to 19th century, and was then renamed to Bernheimer Fine Old Masters. In 1987 Konrad O. Berheimer sold the building in order to pay his co-heirs and to be able to finance his gallery. The building was purchased by real estate broker Jürgen Schneider, who commissioned architect Alexander von Branca, in order to modernize and remodel the inside, as well as, the extremely complicated restoration of the historically protected exterior. In 1993, when Schneiders Real Estate Empire collapsed because of massive fraud, Deutsche Bank took over as the main creditor for the Bernheimer Palace and allowed the completion of the renovations. The cost of reconstruction is estimated at well over DM 100 million, which included DM 32 million unpaid manufacturers’ bills from Jürgen Schneider's bankruptcy. The reconstruction of the roof and spire has been identified as the main cause. It was not until 1999, that the Bank could resell the building to Robert Arnold, the heir and former partner of Arnold & Richter Cine Technik.

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

The German word Wiedergutmachung after World War II refers to the reparations that the German government agreed to pay in 1953 to the direct survivors of the Holocaust, and to those who were made to work as forced labour or who otherwise became victims of the Nazis. The sum would amount, through the years, to over 100 billion Deutsche Mark. Historian Tony Judt writes about Wiedergutmachung:

In art history, "Old Master" refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master drawing" is used in the same way.

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References

↑ Klein, Dieter (1981). Martin Dülfer. Wegbereiter der deutschen Jugendstilarchitektur (in German). Munich: Verlag Lipp. pp. 24–25. ISBN 3-87490-531-4.
↑ "Baudenkmäler München" (in German). Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege. p. 460. Missing or empty |url= (help)
↑ Bauer, Richard; Brenner, Michael Brenner (2006). Jüdisches München (in German). C.H. Beck. p. 129. ISBN 978-3-406-54979-3.
↑ "Ludwig Bernheimer" (in German). Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online. Retrieved 7 November 2014.

Coordinates: 48°08′28″N11°34′05″E / 48.14111°N 11.56806°E / 48.14111; 11.56806

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.

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[1] Klein, Dieter (1981). Martin Dülfer. Wegbereiter der deutschen Jugendstilarchitektur (in German). Munich: Verlag Lipp. pp. 24–25. ISBN 3-87490-531-4.

[2] "Baudenkmäler München" (in German). Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege. p. 460. Missing or empty |url= (help)

[3] Bauer, Richard; Brenner, Michael Brenner (2006). Jüdisches München (in German). C.H. Beck. p. 129. ISBN 978-3-406-54979-3.

[4] "Ludwig Bernheimer" (in German). Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online. Retrieved 7 November 2014.