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The International Criminal Court is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague,Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide,crimes against humanity,war crimes and the crime of aggression. The ICC is distinct from the International Court of Justice,an organ of the United Nations that hears disputes between states.
The Movement for the Liberation of the Congo is a political party in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Formerly a rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of Congo that fought the government throughout the Second Congo War,it subsequently took part in the transitional government and is one of the main opposition parties.
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide,war crimes,crimes against humanity,and the crime of aggression.
Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo is a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He has served as the DRC's Vice Prime Minister and defence minister since 2023. He was previously one of four vice-presidents in the transitional government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 17 July 2003 to December 2006. He led the Movement for the Liberation of the Congo (MLC),a rebel group turned political party. He received the second-highest number of votes in the 2006 presidential election. In January 2007,he was elected to the Senate.
The International Criminal Court has opened investigations in Afghanistan,the Central African Republic,Côte d'Ivoire,Darfur in Sudan,the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Kenya,Libya,Uganda,Bangladesh/Myanmar,Palestine,the Philippines,and Venezuela. Additionally,the Office of the Prosecutor conducted preliminary examinations in situations in Bolivia,Colombia,Guinea,Iraq / the United Kingdom,Nigeria,Georgia,Honduras,South Korea,Ukraine and Venezuela. Preliminary investigations were closed in Gabon;Honduras;registered vessels of Comoros,Greece,and Cambodia;South Korea;and Colombia on events since 1 July 2002.
The states parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court are those sovereign states that have ratified,or have otherwise become party to,the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The Rome Statute is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court,an international court that has jurisdiction over certain international crimes,including genocide,crimes against humanity,and war crimes that are committed by nationals of states parties or within the territory of states parties. States parties are legally obligated to co-operate with the Court when it requires,such as in arresting and transferring indicted persons or providing access to evidence and witnesses. States parties are entitled to participate and vote in proceedings of the Assembly of States Parties,which is the Court's governing body. Such proceedings include the election of such officials as judges and the Prosecutor,the approval of the Court's budget,and the adoption of amendments to the Rome Statute.
The eighteen judges of the International Criminal Court (ICC) are elected for nine-year terms by the member-countries of the court. Candidates must be nationals of those countries and they must "possess the qualifications required in their respective States for appointment to the highest judicial offices".
Christine,Baroness Van den Wyngaert is a Belgian jurist and judge. She served as international and comparative criminal law expert from 2009 to 2018 as a judge on the International Criminal Court. She served in the Trial Division Chamber. On 8 July 2013,Van den Wyngaert was ennobled by King Albert II of Belgium as a baroness for her services as a judge. From 2003 to 2005 she was a Judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia,and from 2000 to 2002 an ad hoc judge on the International Court of Justice.
Marc Perrin de Brichambaut is a French career judge and diplomat. On 10 December 2014 he was elected a judge to the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague. Until 30 June 2011 he was the Secretary General of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Sylvia Helena de Figueiredo Steiner is a Brazilian judge who was a member of the International Criminal Court from 2003 to 2016.
Germain Katanga,also known as Simba,is a former leader of the Patriotic Resistance Force in Ituri (FRPI),an armed group in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). On 17 October 2007,the Congolese authorities surrendered him to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to stand trial on six counts of war crimes and three counts of crimes against humanity. The charges include murder,sexual slavery,rape,destruction of property,pillaging,willful killing,and directing crimes against civilians.
Anita Ušacka is a Latvian and international judge and legal academic. She has been a judge of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia and of the Trial and Appeals Divisions of the International Criminal Court (ICC). She was President of the Appeals Division of the International Criminal Court in 2011/2012. She retired in 2015.
Silvia Alejandra Fernández de Gurmendi is an Argentine lawyer,diplomat and judge. She has been a judge at the International Criminal Court (ICC) since 20 January 2010 and was the first woman President of the ICC from March 2015 to March 2018. She was elected to the presidency for a three-year term and served until March 2018. In 2020 she was elected to serve as President of the Assembly of States Parties to Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court for the twentieth to twenty-second sessions (2021-2023).
An ordinary election for the first full bench of 18 judges of the International Criminal Court was held during the first resumption of the 1st session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in New York between 3 and 7 February 2003.
Chile Eboe-Osuji is an International Jurist at the Lincoln Alexander School of Law and a Special Advisor to the President's Office at Toronto Metropolitan University. In his role at the Lincoln Alexander School of Law,Eboe-Osuji is leading discussions on the international human rights regime,the international humanitarian law regime,the role of international courts/tribunals,and the rule of law. He will also play a key role in advancing Lincoln Alexander Law's international profile through teaching initiatives,programmatic collaborations,and public discourse. Prior to joining the law school,Eboe-Osuji served as the President of the International Criminal Court,The Hague from March 2018 to March 2021. The Nigerian-born Eboe-Osuji was also concurrently serving as a senior judge in the Appeals Division of the ICC during this time. Prior to his work with the International Criminal Court,he was the Legal Advisor to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva. He also served at various times as a senior prosecutor at both the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the Special Court for Sierra Leone.
Six judges of the International Criminal Court were elected during the 13th session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court scheduled for 8 to 17 December 2014 in New York. The judges were elected for terms of nine years and took office on 11 March 2015.
Kuniko Ozaki,is a Japanese lawyer who served as judge of the International Criminal Court and the Presiding Judge of Trial Chamber V,constituted to try the cases against four Kenyan nationals. Specially-appointed professor of International Human Right Law at Chuo University Faculty of Law (2021-).
Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua is a Congolese lawyer who is currently a judge of the International Criminal Court. He was previously a judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
Piotr Józef Hofmański is a Polish jurist and judge who has served as President of the International Criminal Court (ICC) since 2021. He has been a judge of the ICC since 2015. His election into the Presidency of the ICC is for a three-year term. Prior to his tenure as a judge of the ICC,Hofmański was a legal expert and advisor at the Council of Europe.
References
- ↑ Lutz Meyer-Goßner / Bertram Schmitt: Strafprozessordnung: StPO - Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz, Nebengesetze und ergänzende Bestimmungen, 58. Auflage 2015, ISBN 978-3-406-67500-3.
- ↑ "Election of a judge to the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Germany" (PDF). Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
- ↑ Nominations Archived 2014-08-21 at the Wayback Machine . Assembly of States Parties. Last seen May 7, 2014.
- ↑ 2014 - Election of six judges - Results Archived 2015-06-26 at the Wayback Machine . Assembly of States Parties. Last seen December 13, 2014.
- ↑ Judge Schmitt Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine . International Criminal Court. Last seen March 28, 2015.
- ↑ ICC gives Jean-Pierre Bemba extra year in prison Al Jazeera , March 22, 2017.
- ↑ Chiappa, Claudia (25 September 2023). "Russia puts international court's top leadership on wanted list". Politico.
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