Bida Emirate | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
  Bida Emirate Location in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 9°05′N6°01′E / 9.083°N 6.017°E | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Niger State |
| Government | |
| • Etsu | Dr. Alh. (Brig Gen). Yahaya Abubakar |
The Bida Emirate is a traditional state in Nigeria, a successor to the old Nupe Kingdom, with its headquarters in Bida, Niger State. The head of the state is the Etsu Nupe, considered the leader of the Nupe people. [1]
The old Nupe Kingdom was established in the middle of the 15th century in a basin between the Niger and Kaduna rivers in what is now central Nigeria. Early history is mostly based on verbally-transmitted legends. King Jibiri, who reigned around 1770, was the first Nupe king to become Muslim. Etsu Ma’azu brought the kingdom to its period of greatest power, dying in 1818. During that period the Fulani were gaining power across Northern Nigeria. After Ma’azu's death and during the subsequent wars of succession the Nupe Kingdom came under the control of the Gwandu Emirate. Masaba, son of the Fulani leader Mallam Dendo and a Nupe mother, gained power in 1841. [2] [3]
Faced with revolt by one of his generals, Masaba allied with the former Etsu Nupe, Usman Zaki, to recover control. Usman Zaki was enthroned as Etsu Nupe at Bida, and after his death around 1859 Masaba again became ruler until 1873. During his second period of rule, Masaba established the Bida Emirate as an important military power, steadily expanding its territory at the expense of its neighbors to the south and east. His successors retained control until 1897, when British Niger Company troops finally took Bida and established a puppet ruler. The Bida emirate became subject first to the British colonial regime, then to the independent state of Nigeria, with its rulers playing an increasingly ceremonial role. [4] [5]
Till today now this emirate celebrates its cultural day known as Nupe Cultural Day, for the remembrance of the defeat to British rulers in their region. [6] [7]
Rulers used the title "Etsu". [8]
Names, dates and notes taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (1989). [8]
Nupe Kingdom (1531-1835)
| Name | Start | End | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tsoede | 1531 | 1591 | Founded the Kingdom of Nupe in 1531. Illegitimate son of Attah of Idah. Also known as Edegi or Choede. |
| Shaba | 1591 | 1600 | Also known as Tsoacha. |
| Zaulla | 1600 | 1625 | Also known as Zavunla or Zagulla. |
| Jiga | 1625 | 1670 | Also known as Jia or Jigba. |
| Mamman Wari | 1670 | 1679 | - |
| Abdu Waliyi | 1679 | 1700 | - |
| Aliyu | 1700 | 1710 | - |
| Ganamace | 1710 | 1713 | Also known as Sachi Gana Machi. |
| Ibrahima | 1713 | 1717 | - |
| Idrisu I | 1717 | 1721 | Also known as Ederisu. |
| Tsado | 1721 | 1742 | Also known as Chado or Abdullahi. |
| Abu Bakr Kolo | 1742 | 1746 | - |
| Jibrin | 1746 | 1759 | Also known as Jibrilu. |
| Ma'azu | 1759 | 1767 | - |
| Majiya I | 1767 | 1777 | Also known as Zubeiru. |
| Iliyasu | 1777 | 1778 | - |
| Ma'azu | 1778 | 1795 | Second reign. |
| Alikolo Tankari | 1795 | 1795 | - |
| Mamma | 1795 | 1796 | - |
| Jimada | 1796 | 1805 | In 1796 a civil war broke out between Jimada and Majiya II (grandsons of Iliyasu), which led to the Nupe Kingdom being temporarily split into West and East Nupe. [9] Jimada ruled East Nupe until his death in 1805. [10] |
| Majiya II | 1796 | 1810 | Ruled West Nupe until the death of Jimada in 1805, after which the Nupe Kingdom was reunited. [9] |
| Idrisu II | 1810 | 1830 | - |
| Majiya II | 1830 | 1834 | Second reign. |
| Tsado | 1834 | 1835 | In 1835 Nupe became part of the Fulani Empire. |
Nupe Emirate (1835-1901)
| Name | Start | End | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usuman Zaki dan Malam Dendo | 1835 | 1841 | - |
| Masaba dan Malam Dendo | 1841 | 1847 | - |
| Umar Bahaushe | 1847 | 1856 | - |
| Usuman Zaki dan Malam Dendo | 1856 | 1859 | Second term. |
| Masaba dan Malam Dendo | 1859 | 1873 | Second term. |
| Umaru Majigi dan Muhamman Majigi | 1873 | 1884 | - |
| Maliki dan Usman Zaki | 1884 | 1895 | - |
| Abu Bakr dan Masaba | 1884 | 1895 | Died 1919. [11] |
| Muhammadu dan Umaru Majigi | 1895 | 1901 | Nupe Emirate incorporated into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1901. |
Bida Emirate (1901-
| Name | Start | End | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammadu dan Umaru Majigi | 1901 | February 1916 | - |
| Bello dan Maliki | 6 March 1916 [11] | 1926 [11] | - |
| Malam Sa'idu dan Mamudu | 1926 [11] | February 1935 [11] | - |
| Malam Muhammadu Ndayako dan Muhammadu | 28 February 1935 [11] | 29 October 1962 [11] | - |
| Usman Sarki dan Malam Sa'idu | 29 October 1962 [11] | 1969 [11] | Died 1984. [11] |
| Malam Musa Bello | 1969 [11] | 10 January 1975 [11] | - |
| Umaru Sanda Ndayako | January 1975 [11] | 1 September 2003 [11] | - |
| Yahaya Abubakar [12] | 1 September 2003 | - | |
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