Opobo

Last updated
Opobo
Opubo
City state
Coordinates: 4°30′41″N7°32′24″E / 4.51139°N 7.54000°E / 4.51139; 7.54000
CountryFlag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria
State Rivers State
Founded by Chiefs from 14 houses in Grand Bonny
Government
  AmanyanaboDandeson Douglas Jaja V
Time zone UTC+1 (WAT)

Opobo is a community in Rivers state, South South region of Nigeria. The kingdom was founded in 1870 by Jubo Jubogha, popularly known as JaJa, a former Igbo slave who was absorbed into the pre-existing Ibani Ijaw culture. The native language of Opobo is the Ibani language, a dialect of Ijaw that is closely related to Kalabari.

Contents

A greater part of the city state is still referred to as Opobo in Rivers State. Opobo is made up of several islands and communities which is in Opobo-Nkoro Local Government Area in the South South Senatorial District of Rivers State Nigeria.

The communities include, Opobo Town, which is its headquarters, Queenstown, Kalasunju, Oloma, Ayaminimah, Iloma, Minimah, Okpukpo, Iwoma, Ekereborokiri, Kalaibiama, Epelema, Ozuobulu, Muma Down Below, Inokiri and Abazibie. Some parts of the city state are now in Akwa Ibom State: Egwenga and Opukalama, in Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State.

Opobo's geologic setting is similar to the coastal and estuarine settlements of the Niger Delta region. It is located at the mouth of the Imo River, one of the main estuaries that break the Nigerian coastline. The approximate geographical co-ordinates of the kingdom are 04°34'N latitudes and longitude 07°12'E, located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. Opobo is two meters above sea level and the very close interfaces between the sea water. Opobo is located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Port Harcourt and has been accessible by sea and air and only recently by land.

Opobo is divided into 14 sections ("polo"), made up of 67 War Canoe Houses. The 14 sections are Adibie, Biriye, Diepiri, Dapu, Dappa Ye Amakiri, Epelle, Fubarakworo, Iroanya, Jaja, Kalaomuso, Ukonu, Kiepirima, Owujie, and Tolofari. [1] [2]

History

King Jaja of Opobo Memorial King Jaja Opobo statue 2.jpg
King Jaja of Opobo Memorial

Opobo is located to the east of the Kingdom of Bonny. Bonny and Opobo are of the same origin, both associated with the Ndoki people. [lower-alpha 1] [3] an Igbo subgroup. [4] Jubo Jubogha rose from slavery to lead the Anna Pepple chieftaincy house of Bonny. [5] In 1870, Jubo first arrived in what is now Opobo, having moved there due to a civil war in Bonny between his followers and those of Chief Oko Jumbo, the leader of the rival Manilla Pepple chieftaincy family. [6] [7] The king named his new state after Amanyanabo Opubo "Pepple" Perekule the Great, a Pepple king in Bonny that had reigned there from 1792 to 1830.

Jubo Jubogha became involved in palm oil trading with Europeans. He started a trading post at Opobo Town, close to Ikot Abasi and 4 miles southwest of the Opobo river. Due to his dealings with them, he soon acquired the trade name Ja-Ja. Jubo Jubogha was never on good terms with the Annang and the Ibibio the east, as he declared himself as the middleman in palm oil trading, thus asking them to stop trading directly with the Europeans. This resulted in a war (the Ikot Udo Obong War) between Jubo and the Annang and Ibuno people as recorded by Nair. [8] In 1887, he was deceived when he was told to go and negotiate with the Queen of the United Kingdom by the British. He was captured upon his arrival on the consul's flagship, and was sent into exile in Saint Vincent in the West Indies thereafter.

Traditions

The following are a few of Opobo's unique customs: [9]

Breaking any of these rules attracts a fine of N7,000 each or a serious punishment by the community heads.

Initiation into womanhood

A certified wife who has not been initiated into womanhood with the appropriate initiation ceremony, known as the Egerebite and Bibite, is not allowed to tie a special wrapper called 'George'. Such a woman would also be denied many other rights: there are sacred places that she cannot enter and she will not be entitled to mix freely with women that have been initiated. In fact, she can be traditionally disgraced by the other women in the community at any time.

King Jaja of Opobo's Palace King Jaja of Opobo's Palace.jpg
King Jaja of Opobo's Palace

Rulers

The rulers of Opobo were: [10]

StartEndRuler
25 December 1870September 1887 Jubo Jubogha "Jaja I" (b. 1821 - d. 1891)
September 18871891Perekule (chairman Council of Chiefs)
18911893"Cookey Gam" (political agent)
189312 October 1915Obiesigha Jaja II (Frederick Sunday)
19161936Dipiri (Arthur Mac Pepple)
19361942Sodienye Jaja III (1st time) (Douglas Mac Pepple) (d. 1980)
19421946Stephen Ubogu Jaja IV (acting)
195231 July 1980Sodienye Jaja III (2nd time) (Douglas Mac Pepple)
19802002Vacant
1 October 2004King Dandeson Douglas Jaja V (b. 1947)

Notable people

Notes

  1. For more on the Ndoki and inter-relationship, see Umuagbai and Akwete, two major settlements of the Ndoki.

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References

  1. "Ikot Abasi". Encyclopædia Britannica. 9 January 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  2. "About Opobo". Opoboregatta.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  3. "See the most dreadful masquerade in Opobo land - Opera News".
  4. Ucheoma, Otuka (7 November 2015). "Egwu-onwa Among The Ndoki Of Rivers State". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  5. "General Minimah, his Opobo ancestry and the burden of history, By Eric Teniola | Premium Times Nigeria". February 21, 2014.
  6. G. I. Jones (2001). The trading states of the oil rivers: a study of political development in Eastern Nigeria. James Currey Publishers. p. 15ff. ISBN   0-85255-918-6.
  7. "The Izon of the Niger Delta by Onyoma Research Publications - Ebook | Scribd" via www.scribd.com.
  8. Cf. Nair, 1972, page 183
  9. "Opobo: Land of the 'great' King Jaja where making noise at night is forbidden". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  10. "Traditional States of Nigeria". World Statesmen. Retrieved 2010-10-17.

Further reading