Opobo Opubo | |
---|---|
City state | |
Coordinates: 4°30′41″N7°32′24″E / 4.51139°N 7.54000°E | |
Country | Nigeria |
State | Rivers State |
Founded by | Chiefs from 14 houses in Grand Bonny |
Government | |
• Amanyanabo | Dandeson Douglas Jaja V |
Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
Opobo is a community in Rivers state, South South region of Nigeria. The kingdom was founded in 1870 by Jubo Jubogha, popularly known as JaJa, a former Igbo slave who was absorbed into the pre-existing Ibani Ijaw culture. The native language of Opobo is the Ibani language, a dialect of Ijaw that is closely related to Kalabari.
A greater part of the city state is still referred to as Opobo in Rivers State. Opobo is made up of several islands and communities which is in Opobo-Nkoro Local Government Area in the South South Senatorial District of Rivers State Nigeria.
The communities include, Opobo Town, which is its headquarters, Queenstown, Kalasunju, Oloma, Ayaminimah, Iloma, Minimah, Okpukpo, Iwoma, Ekereborokiri, Kalaibiama, Epelema, Ozuobulu, Muma Down Below, Inokiri and Abazibie. Some parts of the city state are now in Akwa Ibom State: Egwenga and Opukalama, in Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State.
Opobo's geologic setting is similar to the coastal and estuarine settlements of the Niger Delta region. It is located at the mouth of the Imo River, one of the main estuaries that break the Nigerian coastline. The approximate geographical co-ordinates of the kingdom are 04°34'N latitudes and longitude 07°12'E, located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. Opobo is two meters above sea level and the very close interfaces between the sea water. Opobo is located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Port Harcourt and has been accessible by sea and air and only recently by land.
Opobo is divided into 14 sections ("polo"), made up of 67 War Canoe Houses. The 14 sections are Adibie, Biriye, Diepiri, Dapu, Dappa Ye Amakiri, Epelle, Fubarakworo, Iroanya, Jaja, Kalaomuso, Ukonu, Kiepirima, Owujie, and Tolofari. [1] [2]
Opobo is located to the east of the Kingdom of Bonny. Bonny and Opobo are of the same origin, both associated with the Ndoki people. [lower-alpha 1] [3] an Igbo subgroup. [4] Jubo Jubogha rose from slavery to lead the Anna Pepple chieftaincy house of Bonny. [5] In 1870, Jubo first arrived in what is now Opobo, having moved there due to a civil war in Bonny between his followers and those of Chief Oko Jumbo, the leader of the rival Manilla Pepple chieftaincy family. [6] [7] The king named his new state after Amanyanabo Opubo "Pepple" Perekule the Great, a Pepple king in Bonny that had reigned there from 1792 to 1830.
Jubo Jubogha became involved in palm oil trading with Europeans. He started a trading post at Opobo Town, close to Ikot Abasi and 4 miles southwest of the Opobo river. Due to his dealings with them, he soon acquired the trade name Ja-Ja. Jubo Jubogha was never on good terms with the Annang and the Ibibio the east, as he declared himself as the middleman in palm oil trading, thus asking them to stop trading directly with the Europeans. This resulted in a war (the Ikot Udo Obong War) between Jubo and the Annang and Ibuno people as recorded by Nair. [8] In 1887, he was deceived when he was told to go and negotiate with the Queen of the United Kingdom by the British. He was captured upon his arrival on the consul's flagship, and was sent into exile in Saint Vincent in the West Indies thereafter.
The following are a few of Opobo's unique customs: [9]
Breaking any of these rules attracts a fine of N7,000 each or a serious punishment by the community heads.
A certified wife who has not been initiated into womanhood with the appropriate initiation ceremony, known as the Egerebite and Bibite, is not allowed to tie a special wrapper called 'George'. Such a woman would also be denied many other rights: there are sacred places that she cannot enter and she will not be entitled to mix freely with women that have been initiated. In fact, she can be traditionally disgraced by the other women in the community at any time.
The rulers of Opobo were: [10]
Start | End | Ruler |
---|---|---|
25 December 1870 | September 1887 | Jubo Jubogha "Jaja I" (b. 1821 - d. 1891) |
September 1887 | 1891 | Perekule (chairman Council of Chiefs) |
1891 | 1893 | "Cookey Gam" (political agent) |
1893 | 12 October 1915 | Obiesigha Jaja II (Frederick Sunday) |
1916 | 1936 | Dipiri (Arthur Mac Pepple) |
1936 | 1942 | Sodienye Jaja III (1st time) (Douglas Mac Pepple) (d. 1980) |
1942 | 1946 | Stephen Ubogu Jaja IV (acting) |
1952 | 31 July 1980 | Sodienye Jaja III (2nd time) (Douglas Mac Pepple) |
1980 | 2002 | Vacant |
1 October 2004 | King Dandeson Douglas Jaja V (b. 1947) |
Akwa Ibom State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It borders Cross River State to the east, Rivers State and Abia State to the west and north-west, and to the south by the Atlantic Ocean. The state takes its name from the Qua Iboe River which bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny. Akwa Ibom was split from Cross River State in 1987 with her capital Uyo and with 31 local government areas.
The Ibibio people are a coastal people in Southern Nigeria. They are mostly found in Akwa Ibom, Cross River, and the Eastern part of Abia State. During the colonial period in Nigeria, the Ibibio Union asked for recognition by the British as a sovereign nation.
Anaang is an ethnic group in Southern Nigeria, whose land is primarily within 8 of the present 31 Local Government Areas in Akwa Ibom State: Abak, Essien Udim, Etim Ekpo, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Obot Akara, Oruk Anam, Ukanafun in Akwa Ibom State. The Anaang are the second largest ethnic group after the Ibibios in Akwa Ibom state.
The Ijaw people, otherwise known as the Ijo people, are an ethnic group found in the Niger Delta in Nigeria, with significant population clusters in Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers. They also occupy Edo, Ondo, and small parts of Akwa Ibom. Many are found as migrant fishermen in camps as far west as Sierra Leone and as far east as Gabon. They account for about 1.8% of the Nigerian population according to CIA Factbook. The Ijaws are one of the most populous tribes inhabiting the Niger Delta region and the eighth largest ethnic group in Nigeria.
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Ikot Ekpene, also known as The Raffia City, is a historic town in the south-southern state of Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. It is the political and cultural capital of the Annang ethnic group in Nigeria. The town is located on the A342 highway that parallels the coast, between Calabar to the southeast and Aba to the west, with the state capital, Uyo, on this road just to the east. Umuahia is the next major town to the north. The population of the Ikot Ekpene Local government area was estimated to be 180,500 in 2022.
King Jaja of Opobo was the founder and first king of the Opobo Kingdom in present-day Rivers State and Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Originally belonging to the Igbo ethnicity, he was initiated into the Ijaw people during his time in Bonny.
Bonny Island is a local government situated at the southern edge of Rivers State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria near Port Harcourt. Ferries are the main form of transport, though recently an airstrip has been built and it’s fully functional - with flights from Lagos, Abuja and Port Harcourt respectively to and from the island. The local dialect spoken in Bonny Island are Igbo language and Ibani language.
Oruk Anam is a Local Government Area located in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. The indigenous population is largely made up of Annang people, one of the minority tribes in Southeast Nigeria.
The Ibani people are of Ijaw ethnic group who live along with the Ijaw speaking people in the Bonny and Opobo areas of Rivers State, Nigeria, on the Atlantic coast. Bonny town is the tribal seat of the Ibani which is located on the bight of Bonny River. Ibani language is spoken predominantly by residents of Bonny and Opobo. Bonny's development was also shaped by the tribe's close interaction with European traders. The Kingdom of Bonny was a major trading center from the 16th century onwards; initially trading in slaves, its people were later known for the exportation of palm oil and palm kernel. The indigenes of the Bonny and Opobo kingdoms are collectively known as the Ibani people.
Ikot Abasi is located in the south west corner of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It is bounded by Oruk Anam Local Government Area in the north, Mkpat Enin and Eastern Obolo Local Government Areas in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the south. The Imo River forms the natural boundary in the west separating it from Rivers State. The Federal University of Technology Ikot Abasi is a federal government-owned university located in Ikot-Abasi.
Ukanafun is a Local Government Area located in the South South of Nigeria in Akwa Ibom State.
The Kingdom of Bonny, otherwise known as Grand Bonny, is a traditional state based on the town of Bonny in Rivers State, Nigeria. In the pre-colonial period, it was an important slave trading port, later trading palm oil products. During the 19th century the British became increasingly involved in the internal affairs of the kingdom, in 1886 assuming control under a protectorate treaty. Today the King of Bonny has a largely ceremonial role.
Chief Oko Jumbo was an Ijaw chief of slave descent in the Kingdom of Bonny, a state in the Niger Delta, now part of Rivers State, Nigeria. For many years in the 19th century he was the effective ruler of Bonny. Though not the king in Bonny, and Warribo was the technical head of the Fubara Manilla Pepple House, "Oko Jumbo and Ja Ja were looked upon by every one as being the rulers of Bonny."
George Oruigbiji Pepple, otherwise known as Perekule VII, ruled the Kingdom of Bonny, an independent trading state in the Niger Delta between 30 September 1866 and 14 December 1883, when he was deposed. After the British signed a treaty making the state a protectorate, he was restored on 22 January 1887, ruling until his death.
Chief George Diepiriye Goodhead was a prominent Ibani chief.
The South South is one of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. It designates both a geographic and political region of the country's eastern coast. It comprises six states – Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, and Rivers.
Abak/Midim is one of the nine Clans or Districts in Oruk Anam local government area of Akwa Ibom State. It is one of the two Clans or Districts in the former Anam Local Government Area, both in southern Nigeria.
Ikot Inuen is a town in southern Abak/Midim Clan in Oruk Anam LGA of Akwa Ibom State. It is bounded in the south by Edemaya Clan of Ikot Abasi. It is located on Nigeria's East-West road that links Port Harcourt to Ikot Abasi. It marks the linguistic transition zone between the Annang and Ibibio speaking ethnic groups of Akwa Ibom State. Being part of the Anam political unit of Oruk Anam LGA, Ikot Inuen was part of the Opobo Division from the precolonial era until 1967, when it was moved to the newly created South Eastern State, which was later renamed Cross River State. Ikot Inuen is among the communities that is climatically influenced by Imo River that separates Rivers State from Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. The area is rich in arable farmland, which makes farming the occupation of about half of the populace. Others are involved in petty trading, artisanship, and civil service. The area is rich in crude oil deposits, as evidenced in the corked oil well belonging to Shell Petroleum at Efut Idim Etok, also known as Idim aShell. In academics, the area has a public Primary School, The St Jude's Catholic School, and a public Secondary School, The Community Secondary School. The Ukoessien Central Market boasts commercial activities in the area. Apart from the first church, the St Jude's Catholic Church, established in 1919, other churches in the community include the Methodist Church, the Christ Army Church, the Samuel Spiritual Church, the Apostolic Church, the Mount Zion Mission, the Assemblies of God Church, the Deeper Life Bible Church, the Wings of Redemption Ministries and the Redeemed Christian Church of God.
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