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Mandaic, or more specifically Classical Mandaic, is the liturgical language of Mandaeism and a South Eastern Aramaic variety in use by the Mandaean community, traditionally based in southern parts of Iraq and southwest Iran, for their religious books. Mandaic, or Classical Mandaic is still used by Mandaean priests in liturgical rites. The modern descendant of Mandaic or Classical Mandaic, known as Neo-Mandaic or Modern Mandaic, is spoken by a small group of Mandaeans around Ahvaz and Khorramshahr in the southern Iranian Khuzestan province.
The Neo-Aramaic or Modern Aramaic languages are varieties of Aramaic that evolved during the late medieval and early modern periods, and continue to the present day as vernacular (spoken) languages of modern Aramaic-speaking communities. Within the field of Aramaic studies, classification of Neo-Aramaic languages has been a subject of particular interest among scholars, who proposed several divisions, into two, three or four primary groups.
The Qolastā, Qulasta, Qolusta, or the Canonical Prayerbook is, as the name suggests, a canonical prayer book of the Mandaeans, a Gnostic ethnoreligious group from Iraq and Iran. The Mandaic word qolastā means "collection". The prayerbook is a collection of Mandaic prayers regarding baptisms (masbuta) and other sacred rituals involved in the ascension of the soul (masiqta).
Rudolf Macúch was a Slovak linguist, naturalized as German after 1974.
The Haran Gawaita also known as the Scroll of Great Revelation, is a Mandaean text which recounts the history of the Mandaeans and their arrival in Media as Nasoraeans from Jerusalem.
The Diwan Abatur is a Mandaean religious text. It is a large illustrated scroll that is over 20 ft. long.
Parwanaya or Panja is a 5-day religious festival in the Mandaean calendar. The 5 epagomenals inserted at the end of every Šumbulta constitute the Parwanaya intercalary feast. The festival celebrates the five days that Hayyi Rabbi created the angels and the universe.
The masiqta is a mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion in order to help guide the soul (nišimta) towards the World of Light in Mandaean cosmology. They are typically performed as funerary rites for Mandaeans who have just died. Although usually translated as "death mass", a few types of masiqta are also performed for living people, such as when priests are ordained. Masiqtas are also used to consecrate houses of worship.
Maṣbuta is the ritual of immersion in water in the Mandaean religion.
The Scroll of the Parwanaya is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the five-day Parwanaya festival. Excluding the colophon, the text consists of 931 lines.
In Mandaeism, the pihta is a type of sacramental bread used with rituals performed by Mandaean priests. It is a small, round, biscuit-sized flatbread that can either be salted or saltless, depending on whether the ritual use of the pihta is for living or dead people.
The Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun Raza Kasia is a Mandaean religious text that describes rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and other related topics. It is an illustrated scroll.
The Diwan u-tafsir ḏ-razia ḏ-abahata is a Mandaean religious text. It is written as a scroll.
The Scroll of the Great Baptism is a Mandaean religious text. It is a ritual scroll describing the 360 baptisms (masbutas) for a polluted priest. The scroll is also called "Fifty Baptisms" and the Raza Rba ḏ-Zihrun.
In Mandaeism, mambuha, sometimes spelled mambuga, is sacramental drinking water used in rituals such as the masbuta (baptism).
In Mandaeism, halalta is sacramental rinsing water used in rituals such as the masiqta.
In Mandaeism, the zidqa brika is a type of ritual meal blessed by Mandaean priests. Zidqa means oblation and can also mean alms, while brika means blessed.
Zihrun, is an uthra in the World of Light. He is the main subject of the Mandaean scroll Zihrun Raza Kasia.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mandaeism.
References
- ↑ "Bogdan Burtea". Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften. 2021-11-14. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
- ↑ Burtea, Bogdan (2011). Studies in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: based upon early Eastern manuscripts. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-938-8. OCLC 673419642.
- 1 2 Häberl, Charles G. (2007). Review of Bogdan Burtea, Das mandäische Fest der Schalttage (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005). In: Journal of the American Oriental Society, 127(2), 208–210. American Oriental Society. doi : 10.7282/T3GX48XP
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Bogdan Burtea". Antikes Christentum (in German). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
- ↑ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010). The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-621-9.
- ↑ Burtea, Bogdan (2005). Das mandäische Fest der Schalttage: Edition, Übersetzung und Kommentierung der Handschrift (DC 24, Šarh ḏ-paruanaiia) (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05179-8. OCLC 62273841.
- ↑ Burtea, Bogdan (2008). Zihrun, das verborgene Geheimnis (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05644-1. OCLC 221130512.
- ↑ Burtea, Bogdan (2012). Die Geheimnisse Der Vorvater Edition, Ubersetzung Und Kommentierung Einer Esoterischen Mandaischen Handschrift Aus Der Bodleian Library Oxford (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-06466-8. OCLC 940934456.
- ↑ "Diwan Abatur: Ein Text über die Jenseitsreise der Seele nach den Vorstellungen der Mandäer. Edition, Übersetzung, Kommentar. - Research Portal of the HU Berlin". Research Information System of HU Berlin (in German). 2021-04-01. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
- ↑ Burtea, Bogdan (2020). Haran Gauaita, ein Text zur Geschichte der Mandäer: Edition, Übersetzung, Kommentar (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-11362-5. OCLC 1138882232.
