Borugak Jagyeongnu | |
Korean name | |
---|---|
Hangul | 보루각자격루 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Borugak jagyeongnu |
McCune–Reischauer | Porugak chagyŏngnu |
The Borugak Jagyeongnu ("Water Clock of Borugak Pavilion"),classified as a scientific instrument,is the 229th National Treasure of South Korea and was designated by the South Korean government on March 3,1985. The water clock is currently held and managed by the National Palace Museum of Korea in Seoul. It dates to the time of King Sejong of the Joseon Dynasty.
Water clocks have a long history of use in Korea with the first mention of one in the records of the Samguk Sagi during the Three Kingdoms era. In 1434,during the reign of King Sejong the Great a water clock was made by Jang Yeong-sil which would mark the hour automatically with the sounds of a bell,gong,and drum. That clock,Jagyeokru ("self-striking water clock"),was used to keep the standard of time in the Joseon Dynasty. The clock was not preserved well and so in 1536,King Jungjong ordered the clock remade and improved which was done by Yu Jeon. Today,only three water bowls and two cylindrical water containers survive from the 1434 version of the clock,and no records mentioning its existence. Extensive records of 1536 version remain,and it is believed that the two clocks were very similar. In its current configuration the large bronze cylindrical water containers are 93.5 centimeters in diameter and 70 centimeters in height. The smaller ceramic vessels are 46.0 centimeters and 40.5 centimeters in height. The two bases for the ceramic vessels still survived in the Myeongjeonjeon Hall of Changgyeonggung Palace. A third version of the clock was built in 2007. [1]
The water clock worked by having water poured into the largest bronze vessel which flowed into the smaller vessels which then flowed into the long water tanks. When the water level rose to the appropriate level,a floating rod touched a lever device which caused a ball to roll and hit another ball at the other end. The rolling ball would trigger the gong,bell,drum,and even a wooden puppet which marked the hour with a placard.
The clepsydra does not work today because only the water holding vessels have survived. However,it is valuable because of the scientific and cultural information it holds and because there are only few examples of ancient automatic water clocks. It is the oldest and largest surviving clock of its kind. [2]
Sejong,personal name Yi Do,commonly known as Sejong the Great,was the fourth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. Today,he is regarded as one of the greatest rulers in Korean history,and is remembered as the inventor of Hangul,the native alphabet of the Korean language.
A water clock or clepsydra is a timepiece by which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into or out from a vessel,and where the amount of liquid can then be measured.
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Jang Yeong-sil was a Korean mechanical engineer,scientist,and inventor during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897). Although Jang was born a peasant,King Sejong allowed Jang to work at the royal palace. Jang's inventions,such as the Cheugugi and the water gauge,highlight the technological advancements of the Joseon Dynasty.
Jeong In-ji was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar,historian who served as Vice Minister of Education or Deputy Chief Scholar during the reign of King Sejong the Great,Minister of Rites during the reign of King Munjong and Danjong,Left or Second State Councillor from 1453 to 1455 during the reign of King Danjong,and Chief State Councillor from 1455 to 1458 during the reign of King Sejo. He was nicknamed Hakyeokjae (학역재). He was from the Hadong Jeong clan
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Cheugugi is the first well-known rain gauge invented and used during the Joseon dynasty of Korea. It was invented and supplied to each provincial offices during the King Sejong the Great's reign. As of 2010,only one example of the Cheugugi remains,known as the Geumyeong Cheugugi,which literally means "Cheugugi installed on the provincial office's yard." It is designated as National Treasures #561 of Korea and was installed in provincial office of Gongju city,1837 by King Yeongjo,the 21st king of Joseon. In addition,the official record of the rainfall by Cheugugi from King Jeongjo's reign to Emperor Gojong's reign is preserved.
Han Hwak,nicknamed Ganyijae (간이재),was a politician and a diplomat during the Joseon period of Korea. He served as Left State Councillor. Han Hwak is mostly known by his second daughter,the Queen Insu. She married the son of Prince Suyang. Some years later,Suyang became King Sejo,the seventh King of the Joseon Dynasty,and his son became Crown Prince Uigyeong. The honorary title Queen Insu was granted when one of the children of Insu and Uigyeong became the King Seongjong of Joseon. His eldest daughter Princess Consort Jeongseon,was the wife of Prince Gyeyang.
Jang Yeong-sil (Korean: 장영실) is a 2016 South Korean historical drama television series starring Song Il-kook,Kim Yeong-cheol,Kim Sang-kyung and Park Sun-young. It replaced The Jingbirok:A Memoir of Imjin War and aired on KBS1 from January 2,2016 to March 26,2016 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:40 (KST) for 24 episodes.
Princess Gyeonghye,also known before as Princess Pyeongchang before her marriage,was a Joseon princess and the eldest child of Munjong of Joseon. She served as guardian for her only younger brother,Danjong of Joseon,when he ascended the throne underage.
Bak Yeon or Park Yeon was a government official,scholar,writer,astronomer and musician in the Early Joseon Dynasty period,who was a teacher of King Sejong and created Armillary sphere Honcheonui,Water clock Borugak Jagyeongnu and sundial Yangbu Ilgu along with Jang Yeong-sil and five basic sounds(Gung,Sang,Gak,Chi,Wu),which corresponds to five consonant groups in Hunminjeongeum. He has also adapted court music to the new Confucian philosophy,particularly in the concept of yeak,a Confucian ideology that combines ritual and music.
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