Bosingak

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Bosingak
Bosingak, Seoul.jpg
The building in 2019
Bosingak
General information
Address03189 54, Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul
Coordinates 37°34′12″N126°59′00″E / 37.5699°N 126.9834°E / 37.5699; 126.9834
Completed1396
Other information
Public transit access63m from Exit 4 of Jonggak Station on Line 1 (1-minute walk)
Korean name
Hangul
보신각
Hanja
普信閣
Revised Romanization Bosingak
McCune–Reischauer Posin'gak
The Bosingak bell (Treasure No 2. ROK) yes bosingag dongjong munhwajaeceong.jpg
The Bosingak bell (Treasure No 2. ROK)

Bosingak (Korean : 보신각) is a large bell pavilion on Jongno in Seoul, South Korea. The bell in Bosingak gives Jongno its name, which translates to "bell street". The pavilion was originally constructed in 1395 [2] but destroyed many times by both war and fire. It was designated Bosingak by Emperor Gojong in 1895. The bell was cast in 1468. [2] [1]

Contents

In the Joseon period, this bell was at the center of the castle town. The bell was struck to announce the opening and closing of the four gates around Seoul. At 4 am and 10 pm the bell was struck 33 times and gates were opened and closed. It was used as a fire alarm as well. [3] In modern times, the bell is rung only at midnight on New Year's Eve. Because of the massive number of people who attend this ceremony, Metro trains on Line 1 of the Seoul Subway do not stop at Jonggak Station on New Year's Eve.

History

It was in 1398 (the 7th year of King Taejo's reign) that the bell was first hung in Hanyang during the Joseon Dynasty, and a bell that was cast in Gwangju was hung on the west side of Cheongungyo's bell tower. [4]

Symbolism of Korean Temple Bells

Korean temple bells hold significant symbolism within Korean Buddhism and traditional culture.

Korean temple bells, termed "beomjong," stand out within acoustic science, earning a special classification as "Korean bells." These bells boast an enduring, graceful form, emitting a resonant "woong-woong-woong" sound that traverses vast distances, owing to a fascinating undulation phenomenon. [5]

Scientific scrutiny has unveiled a link between the bell's differing thickness and its sustained resonance, yet determining the precise thickness ratio defies calculation, even with contemporary scientific advancements. The ancient Koreans, a millennium ago, accomplished this remarkable feat, leaving a puzzling legacy surrounding their mastery of this auditory mystery. [6]

Temple bells are not only functional but also carry deep spiritual and cultural meanings:

Symbol of Enlightenment

The sound of the bell is believed to represent the voice of Buddha, spreading wisdom and enlightenment to all beings. When the bell is rung, it's thought to purify the mind and awaken individuals to truth and mindfulness. [7]

Connection to the Cosmos

The shape and design of the bell often symbolize the universe. The broad upper part represents the heavens, the slender waist signifies the human world, and the wide bottom part embodies the earth. The sound of the bell resonating is thought to harmonize with the cosmos. [7]

Practice and Meditation

The process of ringing the bell involves a specific ritual. The act of striking the bell with a wooden mallet, called the "beomjong," requires mindfulness and concentration, serving as a form of meditation and a means to cultivate inner peace. [5]

Protection and Blessings

Bells are believed to dispel negative energies and bring blessings. The resonance of the bell is said to drive away evil spirits and bring about positive energy, creating a harmonious environment. [8]

Cultural Heritage

Korean temple bells are regarded as cultural treasures. [5] They showcase exceptional craftsmanship and are often adorned with intricate patterns, carvings, and inscriptions, reflecting the artistic and technical prowess of ancient Korean artisans. [8] Temple bells serve as a reminder of Buddhist teachings, aid in spiritual practices, and are an integral part of Korean cultural heritage, embodying profound philosophical and spiritual significance.

Historical background of the Bosingak Bell

The Bosingak Bell, located in Seoul, South Korea, has a rich historical background. It was originally cast in 1468 during the Joseon Dynasty. [6] Bosingak served as an important landmark and a means of keeping time for the city. The bell tower, Bosingak, was once part of the city's defensive system. It stood at the center of a busy marketplace and was used to announce the opening and closing of the city gates during the Joseon Dynasty. [8] Every evening, the bell would toll to signal the closing of the gates, after which the city would be under curfew. [8] Bosingak originally served as a pivotal landmark in the city, playing a significant role in timekeeping for Seoul.

The Bosingak Bell, originally housed at Jongnu Pavilion in 1395, tolling morning and evening hours, was destroyed by fire in 1597 during Japanese invasions. [6] After reconstruction, a bell from Wongaksa Temple replaced it. Its origins are uncertain due to a lack of inscriptions. Records suggest it was at Sindeok wanghu's tomb before moving to Wongaksa, and later King Seonjo relocated it to Bosingak. [6] Confusion arises with another bell called Heungcheonsa Temple Bell, now at Deoksugung Palace, due to similar timelines and temple associations. [6] Designated Treasure No. 2 since 1948, the deteriorated Bosingak Bell is displayed at the National Museum of Korea, while a replica hangs in the pavilion. [6] Today, the Bosingak Bell is a symbol of Seoul and holds cultural significance.

Related Research Articles

Buddhist temples are an important part of the Korean landscape. Most Korean temples have names ending in -sa, which means "monastery" in Sino-Korean. Many temples participate in the Templestay program, where visitors can experience Buddhist culture and even stay at the temple overnight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deoksugung</span> Joseon-era palace in Seoul, South Korea

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gyeongbokgung</span> Joseon-era palace in Seoul, South Korea

Gyeongbokgung, also known as Gyeongbok Palace or Gyeongbokgung Palace, was the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty. Built in 1395, it is located in northern Seoul, South Korea. The largest of the Five Grand Palaces built by the Joseon dynasty, Gyeongbokgung served as the home of the royal family and the seat of government.

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Changdeokgung, also known as Changdeokgung Palace or Changdeok Palace, is set within a large park in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the "Five Grand Palaces" built by the kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). As it is located east of Gyeongbok Palace, Changdeokgung—along with Changgyeonggung—is also referred to as the "East Palace".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jongno</span> Street in Seoul, South Korea

Jongno or Jong-ro is a trunk road and one of the oldest major east–west thoroughfares in Seoul, South Korea. Jongno connects Gwanghwamun Plaza to Dongdaemun.

National Treasure (Korean: 국보) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for tangible objects of significant artistic, cultural and historical value. Examples of objects include art, artifacts, sites, or buildings. It is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA). Additions to the list are decided by the Cultural Heritage Committee.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean architecture</span>

Korean architecture refers to an architectural style that developed over centuries in Korea. Throughout the history of Korea, various kingdoms and royal dynasties have developed a unique style of architecture with influences from Buddhism and Korean Confucianism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insa-dong</span> Neighborhood in Seoul, South Korea

Insa-dong (Korean: 인사동) is a dong, or neighborhood, in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. Its main street is Insadong-gil, which is connected to a number of alleys that lead deeper into the district, with modern galleries and tea shops. Historically, it was the largest market for antiques and artwork in Korea.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jongmyo</span> Confucian shrine in Seoul, South Korea

Jongmyo (Korean: 종묘) is a Confucian royal ancestral shrine in the Jongno District of Seoul, South Korea. It was originally built during the Joseon period (1392–1897) for memorial services for deceased kings and queens. According to UNESCO, the shrine is the oldest royal Confucian shrine preserved and the ritual ceremonies continue a tradition established in the 14th century. Such shrines existed during the Three Kingdoms of Korea period (57–668), but these have not survived. The Jongmyo Shrine was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yeongeunmun</span> 1537–1895 Korean gate in Seoul

Yeongeunmun or Yeongeunmun Gate was a Joseon-era former gate near present day Seoul, South Korea. Since it was a symbol of China's diplomatic influence on the Joseon, the Gaehwa Party of the Joseon government intentionally demolished it in February 1895, seeking complete political independence of Joseon from China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borugak Jagyeongnu</span> 15th-century Korean water clock

The Borugak Jagyeongnu, classified as a scientific instrument, is the 229th National Treasure of South Korea and was designated by the South Korean government on March 3, 1985. The water clock is currently held and managed by the National Palace Museum of Korea in Seoul. It dates to the time of King Sejong of the Joseon Dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jung District, Seoul</span> Autonomous District in Sudogwon, South Korea

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jongno District</span> Autonomous district of Seoul, South Korea

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gwanghwamun</span> Main gate of the Korean royal palace

Gwanghwamun is the main and largest gate of Gyeongbok Palace, in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is located at a three-way intersection at the northern end of Sejongno. As a landmark and symbol of Seoul's long history as the capital city during the Joseon period, the gate has gone through multiple periods of destruction and disrepair. The most recent large-scale restoration work on the gate was finished and it was opened to the public on August 15, 2010.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Seoul, South Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-appeasement steles</span> Stele in Seoul, South Korea

Anti-appeasement steles were 19th century monuments built in Korea to ostracize Westerners. They were erected by Heungseon Daewongun at more than 200 major transportation hubs across the country, including the four streets of Jongno. They were built in 1871. They were made of granite and were four cubits high, five cubits wide, and eight inches thick.

<i>Myo</i> (shrine) Korean concept of Confucian shrine for jesa

Myo is a Korean term for Confucian shrines, where the ritual jesa is held. While this concept is nowadays mainly known for the Joseon dynasty's Jongmyo shrine in Seoul, its history dates back to the Three Kingdoms period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heungnyemun</span> Second gate of the Korean royal palace

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References

  1. 1 2 보물 옛 보신각 동종 (옛 普信閣 銅鍾) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청 (The bell of Bosingak Pavilion). Cultural Heritage Administration (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  2. 1 2 안, 귀숙, 옛 보신각 동종 (舊 普信閣 銅鍾) (The bell of Bosingak Pavilion), Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies , retrieved 2024-05-15
  3. "Bosingak Belfry". Korea Tourism Organization . Retrieved 2014-02-07.
  4. Park, Chan-hwa (2018-01-01). 보신각 종, 33번 치는 까닭은? [Why does the bell in bosingak is rung 33 times?]. hanmunhwa times (in Korean). Daejeon. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  5. 1 2 3 "Korean Buddhist Temple Bell". www.antiquealive.com. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Choi, E. C. (2007). Bosingak Bell: Enduring symbol of the Joseon Dynasty. Koreana, 21(4), 52–55. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edo&AN=31881005&site=eds-live&scope=site
  7. 1 2 Kang U-bang. (2004). King Seongdeok's Sacred Bell Resounds with the Truth. Koreana, 18(2), 78–81. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edo&AN=14083903&site=eds-live&scope=site
  8. 1 2 3 4 Wu-Yong, J. (2018). The Seoul City Wall: Walking the History of Seoul. The Seoul Institute. https://www.seoulsolution.kr/en/content/7767