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| Bothrops sonene | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Genus: | Bothrops |
| Species: | B. sonene |
| Binomial name | |
| Bothrops sonene Carrasco, Grazziotin, Cruz-Farfán, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro, 2019 | |
Bothrops sonene is a species of venomous snake in the genus Bothrops found in Peru and Bolivia. [1]
The specific name, sonene, is derived from the Tacana language, and is the name used by the Ese’ejja for the Heath River. The Ese’ejja are an Amazonian community that inhabits the areas surrounding the Madre de Dios, Tambopata, and Heath Rivers, in the border between Peru and Bolivia. [2]
Bothrops sonene can be distinguished from its congeners by the exclusive combination of the following morphological characters: dorsal color pattern of body consisting of small C-shaped blotches, apparently unique for the genus; postocular stripe originating posteriorly to the eye, two or two and a half scales width, covering three or four posterior supralabials; dorsum of the head with paired markings arranged symmetrically; venter cream heavily speckled with brown; lacunolabial scale absent, prelacunal discrete contacting second supralabial; prefoveals three to five; subfoveal single and usually present; postfoveals absent to two; canthals two; intersupraoculars seven; suboculars one or two; postoculars two or three; supralabials seven or eight; infralabials nine to eleven; interrictals 26–27; middorsal scales 23–25; ventrals 172 in the female, 169–173 in males; subcaudals divided, 45 in the female, 50 in males. [3]
Bothrops sonene is found in the Pampas del Heath region of the Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru, and in adjacent areas of Bolivia. This species inhabits lowland tropical rainforests and is typically found at elevations around 200 meters above sea level. [4] [5]
Bothrops atrox — also known as the common lancehead, fer-de-lance, barba amarilla and mapepire balsain — is a highly venomous pit viper species found in the tropical lowlands of northern South America east of the Andes, as well as the Caribbean island of Trinidad. No subspecies are currently recognized.
The terciopelo is a species of pit vipers, found in Central to South Americas. At low to moderate elevations, its habitat ranges from northeastern Mexico to Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes, as well as Venezuela. With a mass of up to 6 kilograms (13 lb), and a maximal length of 2.5 metres (8.2 ft), the terciopelo is among the largest vipers. It is light to dark brown in color, often with yellowish, zig-zag patterning on either side of its body. Dubbed "the ultimate pit-viper" for its defensiveness, large size, fangs and potent venom yield, it has a fearsome reputation, responsible for the most envenomated snakebites within its range, largely due to its proximity to humans, livestock and pets. Nonetheless, like all venomous snakes, the terciopelo actively avoids contact with humans and larger animals, with bites generally only occurring when the snake is cornered, pursued, or threatened. No subspecies are currently recognized.
In reptiles, the temporal scales are located on the side of the head between the parietal scales and the supralabial scales, and behind the postocular scales.
Tambopata District is one of four districts of the Tambopata Province in the Madre de Dios Region in Peru.
Bothrops taeniatus, the speckled forest-pitviper, is a species of pit viper found in the equatorial forests of South America endemic to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, And Brazil. The specific name, taenia, is derived from the Greek word, tainia, meaning ribbon bandage or stripe, in reference to the slender body. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.
Bothrops neuwiedi is a highly venomous pit viper species endemic to South America. This relatively small snake has a wide range and is a major source of snakebite in Argentina. It was named after German naturalist Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), who made important collections in Brazil (1815-1817). Seven subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.
Bothrops bilineatus, also known as the two-striped forest-pitviper, parrotsnake, Amazonian palm viper, or green jararaca, is a highly venomous pit viper species found in the Amazon region of South America. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. A pale green arboreal species that may reach 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, it is an important cause of snakebite throughout the entire Amazon region.
Bothrops medusa is a venomous pitviper species endemic to Venezuela. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bothrops oligolepis is a venomous pitviper species found in Peru and Bolivia. The specific name is derived from the Greek words oligo and lepis, meaning "few scales"; probably an allusion to the lower numbers of dorsal and ventral scales that it has compared to B. bilineatus. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bothrops pulcher is a venomous pitviper species found in South America. The specific name is Latin, meaning "beautiful", in reference to the color pattern. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bothrops punctatus is a venomous pitviper species found in Ecuador, Mostly in the Chocó Department in Western Colombia and Panama. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus is a venomous pitviper subspecies found in the northern and western Amazon region of South America.
Bothrocophias andianus is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the Andes in South America. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Bothrops brazili is a venomous pitviper species endemic to South America. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Bothrocophias campbelli, commonly known as Campbell's toadheaded viper, the Ecuadorian toadheaded pitviper, and víbora boca de sapo in Spanish, is a species of venomous pitviper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to South America. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Peru has some of the greatest biodiversity in the world. It belongs to the select group of mega diverse countries because of the presence of the Andes, Amazon rainforest, and the Pacific Ocean. It has the fourth-most tropical forests of any country and the ninth-most forest area. The country is ranked among the five countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world according to various studies.
Dendrelaphis schokari, also known as the common bronze-back or Schokar's bronzeback, is a species of non-venomous arboreal snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Chironius laurenti is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Bolivia and Brazil. The species was named in honor of Raymond Laurent.
Dendrelaphis oliveri, commonly known as Oliver's bronzeback, is a species of nonvenomous arboreal snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Sri Lanka. It is considered to be the rarest of the Sri Lankan Dendrelaphis species on account of there being only a single recorded specimen.
Bothrops mattogrossensis, also known as Boca-de-Sapo, Jararaca, and Jararaca-Pintada in Portuguese, is a species of pit viper from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. As with all vipers, they are venomous. It has been mistaken for a subspecies of Bothrops neuweidi.
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