Brazil | Mexico |
---|
The nations of Brazil and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1825. [1] Together, Brazil and Mexico account as the most populous nations in Latin America and both nations have the largest global emerging economies and are considered to be regional powers. Both countries are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, G-20 major economies, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
The first contact between Brazil and Mexico took place in August 1824 when both nations exchanged communications through their respective diplomatic representations in London. Both nations extended mutual recognition as independent States and decided to start negotiations to establish diplomatic relations. [1] Diplomatic relations between Brazil and Mexico were established on 9 March 1825. In 1831, both nations established resident diplomatic missions in each other's capitals respectively. [1] During the 1860s, both nations were the only Latin American countries to be governed by monarchs; in Brazil by Emperor Pedro II and in Mexico by Emperor Maximilian I; both emperors being cousins.
In 1914, Brazil belonged to a regional group called the ABC nations (which also included Argentina and Chile). These three nations made up the richest and most influential nations in South America at the time. That year, the ABC nations intervened in a diplomatic dispute between the United States and Mexico who were on verge of war over the Tampico Affair and the subsequent occupation of Veracruz by US forces. The ABC nations met with representatives of the United States and Mexico in Niagara Falls, Canada to ease the tension between the two nations and to avoid war, which afterwards did not occur. [1]
Between 1910 and 1920, diplomatic relations between Brazil and Mexico were severed during the Mexican Revolution. Diplomatic relations were re-reestablished in 1920 when Brazil recognized the new Mexican government. [1] In 1922, diplomatic missions in each other's capitals were upgraded to embassies, respectively. [1] During World War II, both Brazil and Mexico were the only two Latin American nations to declare war on the Axis powers and to send troops to fight abroad. Brazil sent an expeditionary force to fight in Italy while Mexico sent the 201st Fighter Squadron to fight in the Philippines. In 1960, President Adolfo López Mateos became the first Mexican head-of-state to pay an official visit to Brazil. The visit was reciprocated with the visit to Mexico by Brazilian President João Goulart in 1962. [1] Since the initial visits, there have been several high-level visits by leaders of both nations.
On 1 June 2002, Mexico and Brazil signed an Economic Complementation Agreement (known as ACE 53). In accordance with the decision of Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto and Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in July 2015, the First Round of Negotiations of the Economic Complementation Agreement was held in Mexico City, and both leaders discussed the parameters of the negotiations and discussed the potential creation of and improved access to markets; rules of origin and trade facilitation; international trade rules (technical barriers to trade, regulatory coherence, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, competition policy, intellectual property, public procurement); services and investment, and dispute resolution. [2]
Both nations have worked closely in multinational forums on mutual objectives. In 2018, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto and CEO of Pemex, Emilio Lozoya Austin, were accused of receiving bribes from Brazilian multinational conglomerate company, Odebrecht, in one of the world's largest corruption scandals. [3]
In April 2023, Brazil's Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira paid a visit to Mexico to participate in the V meeting of the Mexico-Brazil Binational Commission and celebrated the centenary of the opening of the Brazilian embassy in Mexico. [4]
Presidential visits from Brazil to Mexico [1]
Presidential visits from Mexico to Brazil [1]
Both nations have signed numerous bilateral agreement such as an Arbitration Agreement (1909); Commerce Agreement (1931); Agreement for the revision of Texts for the Teaching of History and Geography (1933); Extradition Treaty (1933); Agreement for Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1974); Agreement for Touristic Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Industrial Cooperation (1979); Agreement on Cultural and Educational Cooperation (1980); Agreement of Cooperation on the Environment (1990); Agreement of Cooperation to Combat Drug Trafficking and Drug Dependency (1996); Agreement for the Establishment of a Regional Center for Teaching Space Science and Technology for Latin America and the Caribbean (1997); Agreement to Prevent Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in Tax Matters on Income (2003); Treaty of Cooperation on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (2007); Agreement on Air Services (2015); Agreement of Cooperation and Investment Facilitation (2015). [5]
There are direct flights between both nations with the following airlines: Aeroméxico and LATAM Brasil.
At a 2009 heads of state conference then Brazilian president Lula da Silva commented that there was "mistrust" between the two countries that needed to be overcome in order to increase trade, which he stated was a goal. He proposed further high-level talks aimed at strengthening ties between the two countries' national oil companies, Petrobras and Pemex. Mexican president Felipe Calderón stated that Mexico wanted to diversify its trade away from over-reliance on the United States and hoped to finish a free trade agreement between the two countries that has been in negotiation since 2000. [6] Shortly after his election in 2012 Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto criticized cuts to Brazil quotas of imported Mexican-built automobiles, and restated Mexico's interest in a free trade agreement. [7]
In 2023, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$16.4 billion. [8] Brazil's main exports to Mexico include: goods for the iron and steel industry; vehicles and parts; frozen rooster and chicken offal and sulfate pulp. Mexico's main exports to Brazil include: vehicles with reciprocating piston engine; vehicle parts and terephthalic acid and its salts. [8] Several Mexican multinational companies such as Alpek, Alsea, América Móvil, Cemex, Coppel, and Grupo Bimbo (among others) operate in Brazil. At the same time several Brazilian multinational companies such as Embraer, Marfrig, Odebrecht and Petrobras (among others) operate in Mexico.
Brazil–Russia relations have seen significant improvement in recent years, characterized by increased commercial trades and cooperation in military and technology segments. The two countries maintain important partnerships in areas such as space, military technologies, and telecommunications.
The Argentina–Brazil relationship is both close and historical, and encompasses the economy, trade, culture, education, and tourism. From war and rivalry to friendship and alliance, this complex relationship has spanned more than two centuries. The countries also share a system of government, a federal republic with a presidential system.
Brazil–South Africa relations are the bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of South Africa. Both nations are members of the BRICS, Cairns Group, G20, Group of 24, Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Brazil–Nigeria relations are the current and historical relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Brazil and Nigeria maintain a traditional and diversified relationship, with a strong Nigerian influence on Brazilian cultural and social formation. Both nations are members of the Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Brazil–Finland relations are the diplomatic relations between Brazil and Finland.
Current and historical relations exist between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Federative Republic of Brazil. Both nations are members of the Cairns Group, G20 and the United Nations. Australia and Brazil are the largest countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
Brazil–Iran relations are the bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Relations are characterized by economic and diplomatic cooperation and are quite friendly. Iran has a productive trade balance with Brazil. The two governments signed a document to bolster cooperation during the G-15 Summit in Tehran in 2010. However, since the election of former Brazilian president, Dilma Rousseff, relations between the two countries recently have deteriorated greatly, following Rousseff shifting Brazil away from Iran due to Iran's violation of human and civil rights. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's media adviser, Ali Akbar Javanfekr, was quoted as stating that Rousseff had "destroyed years of good relations" between them. He denied making such a statement.
Brazil–Denmark relations are the diplomatic relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Kingdom of Denmark. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Brazil and Ukraine are strategic partners and cooperate in trade, space technology, education, energy, healthcare, and defense. Brazil recognized Ukraine's independence on December 26, 1991, and bilateral relations were established on February 11, 1992. The development of a joint space industry had strengthened the bilateral ties between the two countries. Ukraine considers Brazil its key trade partner in Latin America and has been a vocal supporter of the Brazilian bid for a permanent seat at the United Nations Security Council.
Brazil and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both are large tropical countries endowed with rich natural resources, Brazil and Indonesia possess the largest tropical rain forest of the world that contains the world's richest biodiversity, which gave them a vital role in global environment issues, such as ensuring tropical forests protection. Both countries lead the list of Megadiverse countries with Indonesia second only to Brazil.
Brazil–United Kingdom relations are the diplomatic relations between Brazil and the United Kingdom. Both nations are members of the G20, United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Brazil–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Kenya. Both nations are members of the Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Brazil–Sweden relations are the diplomatic relations between Brazil and Sweden. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Brazil–Germany relations are the current and historical relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany. Both nations enjoy friendly relations, the importance of which centers on the history of German migration to Brazil. There are approximately 7 to 12 million Brazilians of German descent. Both nations are members of the G20 and the United Nations.
Brazil–Mozambique relations are the bilateral relations between Brazil and Mozambique. Both nations are members of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Brazil–Czech Republic relations are the diplomatic relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Czech Republic. Both nations enjoy friendly relations, the importance of which centers on the history of Czech migration to Brazil. Approximately 500 thousand Brazilians have Czech ancestry. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Brazil–Holy See relations are the current and historical relations between Brazil and the Holy See. Catholicism was introduced in Brazil in 1500 by the Portuguese Empire, and it is the country's predominant faith. Brazil also has the world's largest Catholic population. Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1891, Brazil is a secular nation.
Brazil–Haiti relations are the current and historical relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Haiti. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Brazil–Ethiopia relations are the current and historical relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Both nations are members of the Group of 77, BRICS and the United Nations.
Brazil–Peru relations are the bilateral relations between Brazil and Peru. Both countries were members of the Portuguese and Spanish empires, respectively, and are members of the Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States and United Nations.