Professor Emeritus Bruce Nelson | |
---|---|
Born | Joseph Bruce Nelson August 19, 1940 Flushing, Queens, New York City |
Died | June 24, 2022 81) White River Junction, Vermont | (aged
Citizenship | American |
Occupation | Professor of History |
Awards | Frederick Jackson Turner Award (1989), Guggenheim Fellowship (2002) |
Academic background | |
Education | Princeton University |
Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley |
Academic work | |
Discipline | United States History |
Sub-discipline | Labor History of the United States |
Institutions | Dartmouth College |
Notable works | Workers on the Waterfront (1988) |
Joseph Bruce Nelson (1940-2022) was a professor emeritus of history at Dartmouth College and noted labor historian and scholar of the history of the concepts of race and class in the United States and among Western European immigrants to the U.S. [1] [2] [3]
Joseph Bruce Nelson was born on August 9,1940,in Flushing,Queens,New York City,and raised in Manahasset Bay,Long Island. [3] [4] He graduated from The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford,Connecticut and from Princeton University in 1962 with a degree in religion. [3] [4]
After graduation,Nelson moved to California,attended the San Francisco Theological Seminary, [3] and received a master's degree in history from the University of California,Berkeley. [3] In 1982,he received a PhD in History from Berkeley. [3] [5]
Between his MA and PhD,Nelson left academia for nine years to work as an auto worker,machine operator,warehouseman,and longshoreman. [3]
Nelson participated in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. In 1965,he went to jail in Selma,Alabama,just prior to the Selma to Montgomery marches. [3] [4] [5]
Nelson taught at the University of California Davis,Middlebury College,and Dartmouth (1985-2009),where he became a full professor and retired professor emeritus after a quarter century there. [3] [5] Nelson continued to lecture to Dartmouth students,alumni,and interns. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Students continue to cite him as influential. [8]
In 1962,Nelson married Donna Robinson;they had two children. [3]
Nelson was a member of the United Association for Labor Education and the Organization of American Historians,and the editorial board of Labor History . [2] [3]
Nelson played lacrosse in high school and college and founded the Oakland Youth Lacrosse team in Oakland,California. [3]
Bruce Nelson died age 81 on June 24,2022,in White River Junction,Vermont. [2] [3]
Nelson focused on the formation of the concepts of class,race and nationhood in the United States and Western Europe. Most of his published research examined these issues in the context of the American labor movement,particularly dock and steel workers' unions. Most recently,Nelson's work examined themes of race and class in the Irish American experience. His published works take a "new labor history" perspective.[ citation needed ]
Nelson's 1988 book,Workers on the Waterfront:Seamen,Longshoremen and Unionism in the 1930s,was widely praised as a breakthrough in the labor history of the influential West Coast dock workers' unions. The work,based on Nelson's doctoral dissertation,was praised as the "best analysis" of the 1934 West Coast Longshore Strike. [9] It was cited as "an excellent example of the kind of research that is both needed and possible..." and for documenting "clearly and carefully the use of anti-communism as a subterfuge for anti-unionism." [10] The book received the Frederick Jackson Turner Award from the Organization of American Historians (awarded to an author publishing his or her first book).
Nelson's second major work,Divided We Stand,expanded Nelson's interest in the formation of various concepts of "working class." The book focused again on longshoremen but expanded its scope to include workers in New York City,New Orleans and Los Angeles as well as steelworkers in the Midwest. The book was called "a landmark study of race and trade unionism":
Bruce Nelson,in line with David Roediger and others,argues that "the history of the white working class,in its majority,was one of self-definition in opposition to an often demonized racial Other [sic] and intense resistance to the quest of African Americans for full citizenship". What makes Divided We Stand unique is that,unlike heavily cultural whiteness studies that have used scant literary evidence to support sweeping theoretical claims,Nelson digs deeply into archival sources and oral interviews to describe real workers and their shop-floor experience in compelling detail. [11]
In more recent years,Nelson turned his attention away from labor unions and toward Irish Americans as a means of examining shifting concepts of race and class.[ citation needed ]
Awards:
Nelson received fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (2002), [14] Carter G. Woodson Institute at the University of Virginia,the National Endowment for the Humanities,and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,as well as the Dartmouth Class of 1962 Faculty Fellowship for excellence in scholarship and teaching.[ citation needed ]
Aside from collaborative works,Nelson wrote himself:
Books:
Book chapters:
Articles:
The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) is the largest federation of unions in the United States. It is made up of 56 national and international unions, together representing more than 12 million active and retired workers. The AFL–CIO engages in substantial political spending and activism, typically in support of progressive and pro-labor policies.
The labor history of the United States describes the history of organized labor, US labor law, and more general history of working people, in the United States. Beginning in the 1930s, unions became important allies of the Democratic Party.
A stevedore, also called a longshoreman, a docker or a dockworker, is a waterfront manual laborer who is involved in loading and unloading ships, trucks, trains or airplanes.
Harry Bridges was an Australian-born American union leader, first with the International Longshoremen's Association (ILA). In 1937, he led several chapters in forming a new union, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), expanding members to workers in warehouses, and led it for the next 40 years. He was prosecuted for his labor organizing and designated as subversive by the U.S. government during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, with the goal of deportation. This was never achieved.
The 1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike lasted 83 days, and began on May 9, 1934 when longshoremen in every US West Coast port walked out. Organized by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), the strike peaked with the death of two workers on "Bloody Thursday" and the San Francisco General Strike which stopped all work in the major port city for four days and led ultimately to the settlement of the West Coast Longshoremen's Strike.
David Daniel Beck was an American labor leader, and president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1952 to 1957. He helped found the "Conference" system of organization in the Teamsters union, and shot to national prominence in 1957 by repeatedly invoking his right against self-incrimination before a United States Senate committee investigating labor racketeering.
The United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America union (UCAPAWA) changed its name to Food, Tobacco, Agricultural, and Allied Workers (FTA) in 1944.
The British Columbia Maritime Employers Association is an association representing the interests of member companies in industrial relations on Vancouver's and other British Columbian seaports.
Nelson Lichtenstein is a professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and director of the Center for the Study of Work, Labor and Democracy. He is labor historian who has written also about 20th-century American political economy, including the automotive industry and Wal-Mart.
The Philip Taft Labor History Book Award is sponsored by the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations in cooperation with the Labor and Working-Class History Association for books relating to labor history of the United States. Labor history is considered "in a broad sense to include the history of workers, their institutions, and their workplaces, as well as the broader historical trends that have shaped working-class life, including but not limited to: immigration, slavery, community, the state, race, gender, and ethnicity." The award is named after the noted labor historian Philip Taft (1902–1976).
Ernesto Mangaoang was a Filipino American labor organizer. A communist and longtime leader of immigrant Filipino laborers, Mangaoang was closely associated with Chris Mensalvas, and was a personal friend of the famous Filipino American intellectual and activist Carlos Bulosan.
Dockworkers in the United States city of New Orleans at the turn of the 20th century often coordinated their unionization efforts across racial lines. The nature of that coordination has led some scholars to conclude that the seeming interracial union activity was in fact bi-racial: a well-organized plan of parallel concerted activity with coordination and support between the groups, but with a clear divide along racial lines. Under this framework, cooperation was seen less a matter of ideological interracial solidarity among the working class and more a matter of pragmatism so that the working conditions of each distinct group would improve.
The Waterfront Workers History Project is a program of the University of Washington, which serves to document the history of workers and unions active on the ports, inland waterways, fisheries, canneries, and other waterfront industries of the western United States and Canada, specifically, California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and British Columbia. In collaboration with the Pacific Northwest Labor and Civil Rights History Projects, and sponsored by the Harry Bridges Center for Labor Studies, the Project is a collective effort to organize and present historical data covering significant events from 1894 to the current day.
Samuel Adams Darcy was an American political activist who was a prominent Communist leader in both New York and California. While active in the organization of New York City's unemployment march in 1930, he was perhaps most famous for his role in the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike and support for Harry Bridges.
The International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) is a labor union which primarily represents dock workers on the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii, and in British Columbia, Canada. The union was established in 1937 after the 1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike, a three-month-long strike that culminated in a four-day general strike in San Francisco, California, and the Bay Area. It disaffiliated from the AFL–CIO on August 30, 2013.
The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955. Originally created in 1935 as a committee within the American Federation of Labor (AFL) by John L. Lewis, a leader of the United Mine Workers (UMW), and called the Committee for Industrial Organization. Its name was changed in 1938 when it broke away from the AFL. It focused on organizing unskilled workers, who had been ignored by most of the AFL unions.
The Portland Waterfront strike of 1922 was a labor strike conducted by the International Longshoremen's Association which took place in Portland, Oregon from late April to late June 1922. The strike was ineffective at closing down the Port of Portland due to strikebreakers, and on June 22 the strike ended with the employers dictating terms.
George Morris (1903–1997) was an American writer and labor editor for the CPUSA Daily Worker newspaper who left a body of written work and oral history that documents militant trade unionism as part of American labor history during the first half of the 20th century – including the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike.
The Marine Workers Industrial Union (MWIU) was a short-lived union (1930-1935), initiated by the Communist Party of the USA (CPUSA).
Roy Hudson, also known as Roy B. Hudson, served on the national executive board of the Communist Party USA and national trade union director and trade union expert.