C16orf78 Last updated October 02, 2025 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Uncharacterized protein C16orf78 (NP_653203.1 ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the chromosome 16 open reading frame 78 gene . [ 1]
Gene The C16orf78 gene(123970 ) is located at 16q12.1 on the plus strand, spanning 25,609 bp from 49,407,734 to 49,433,342. [ 2]
mRNA There is one mRNA transcript (NM_144602.3 ) and no other known splice isoforms. There are 5 exons, totaling a length of 1068 base pairs. [ 2]
Protein Sequence C16orf78 is 265 amino acids long with a predicted molecular weight of 30.8 kDal and pI of 9.8. [ 3] It is rich in both methionine and lysine , composed of 6.4% methionine and 13.6% lysine. [ 4] This methionine richness has been hypothesized to serve as a mitochondrial antioxidant. [ 5]
Post-Transnational Modifications There are four verified ubiquitination sites and three verified phosphorylation sites. [ 6] [ 7]
Diagram of C16orf78 protein with ubiquitination sites marked in red and phosphorylation sites marked in gray. Structure Predictions of C16orf78's secondary structure consist primarily of alpha helices and coiled coils . [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] Phyre2 also predicted C16orf78 is primarily helical, but 253 of 265 amino acids were modeled ab initio so the confidence of the model is low. [ 12]
Phyre2 generated model of C16orf78 rendered in Chimera . Subcellular Localization C16orf78 is predicted to be localized to the cell nucleus. [ 13] There is also a predicted bipartite nuclear localization signal. [ 14]
Expression C16orf78 has restricted expression toward the testis, with much lower expression in other tissues. [ 15]
Expression of C16orf78 across multiple human tissues Clinical Significance Deletion of the C16orf78 gene has been identified as a determinant of prostate cancer. [ 18] A SNP in C16orf78 interacts with a SNP in LMTK2 and is associated with risk of prostate cancer. [ 19]
Amplification of the C16orf78 gene has been linked to metabolically adaptive cancer cells. [ 20] A duplication of the C16orf78 gene was associated with at least one case of Rolandic Epilepsy. [ 21]
Homology Orthologs C16orf78 has over 80 orthologs , including animals as distant Ciona intestinalis (XP_002132057.1 ), which is estimated to have diverged from humans 676 million years ago. [ 2] [ 23] C16orf78 has orthologs in many types of mammals, reptiles, bony fish , and even some invertebrates, but has no known orthologs in amphibians or birds. [ 22] Below is a table with samples of orthologs, with divergence dates from TimeTree and similarity calculated by pairwise sequence alignment. [ 24]
Table of C16orf78 Orthologs Species Name NCBI Accession Divergence (mya) (estimated) Length (aa) % Identity % Similarity Homo sapiens NP_653203.1 0 265 100% 100% Gorilla gorilla gorilla XP_004057673.2 9.06 265 96% 98% Macaca mulatta XP_001082258.1 29.44 267 89% 93% Galeopterus variegatus XP_008591134.1 76 266 65% 77% Oryctolagus cuniculus XP_008273281.1 90 255 62% 76% Mus musculus NP_808569.1 90 270 57% 69% Lipotes vexillifer XP_007459548.1 96 266 65% 77% Capra hircus XP_017918754.1 96 276 63% 74% Callorhinus ursinus XP_025708226.1 96 250 62% 74% Pteropus vampyrus XP_011358492.1 96 263 60% 74% Loxodonta africana XP_023411324.1 105 285 48% 55% Sarcophilus harrisii XP_003757266.1 159 270 38% 53% Vombatus ursinus XP_027723426.1 159 275 38% 54% Pogona vitticeps XP_020643996.1 312 315 26% 43% Gekko japonicus XP_015263322.1 312 261 25% 47% Python bivittatus XP_025030465.1 312 313 23% 37% Latimeria chalumnae XP_014344069.1 413 310 19% 42% Acipenser ruthenus RXM34621.1 435 202 15% 37% Ciona intestinalis XP_002132057.1 676 396 10% 32% Apostichopus japonicus PIK46940.1 684 292 9% 33%
References ↑ "uncharacterized protein C16orf78 [ Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI" . ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 2019-02-26 . 1 2 3 "Gene: C16orf78 (ENSG00000166152) - Summary - Homo sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 96" . useast.ensembl.org . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "ExPASy - ProtParam tool" . web.expasy.org . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "SAPS < Sequence Statistics < EMBL-EBI" . ebi.ac.uk . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ Schindeldecker, Mario; Moosmann, Bernd (10 April 2015). "Protein-borne methionine residues as structural antioxidants in mitochondria". Amino Acids . 47 (7): 1421– 1432. doi :10.1007/s00726-015-1955-8 . PMID 25859649 . S2CID 16953847 . 1 2 "C16orf78 Result Summary | BioGRID" . thebiogrid.org . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "C16orf78 (human)" . phosphosite.org . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "PROSITE" . prosite.expasy.org . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "CFSSP: Chou & Fasman Secondary Structure Prediction Server" . biogem.org . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "NPS@: GOR4 secondary structure prediction" . npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "JPred: A Protein Secondary Structure Prediction Server" . compbio.dundee.ac.uk . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ Kelley, Lawrence A; Mezulis, Stefans; Yates, Christopher M; Wass, Mark N; Sternberg, Michael J E (7 May 2015). "The Phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis" . Nature Protocols . 10 (6): 845– 858. doi :10.1038/nprot.2015.053 . PMC 5298202 . PMID 25950237 . ↑ Horton, P.; Park, K.-J.; Obayashi, T.; Fujita, N.; Harada, H.; Adams-Collier, C.J.; Nakai, K. (8 May 2007). "WoLF PSORT: protein localization predictor" . Nucleic Acids Research . 35 (Web Server): W585 – W587 . doi :10.1093/nar/gkm259 . PMC 1933216 . PMID 17517783 . ↑ "Motif Scan" . myhits.isb-sib.ch . Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "C16orf78 chromosome 16 open reading frame 78 [ Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI" . ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "49000288 - GEO Profiles - NCBI" . ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ IntAct. "IntAct Portal" . ebi.ac.uk . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ DePihno, R. A et al. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9458510. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. ↑ Tao, Sha; Wang, Zhong; Feng, Junjie; Hsu, Fang-Chi; Jin, Guangfu; Kim, Seong-Tae; Zhang, Zheng; Gronberg, Henrik; Zheng, Lilly S.; Isaacs, William B.; Xu, Jianfeng; Sun, Jielin (March 2012). "A genome-wide search for loci interacting with known prostate cancer risk-associated genetic variants" . Carcinogenesis . 33 (3): 598– 603. doi :10.1093/carcin/bgr316 . PMC 3291863 . PMID 22219177 . ↑ Singh, Balraj; Shamsnia, Anna; Raythatha, Milan R.; Milligan, Ryan D.; Cady, Amanda M.; Madan, Simran; Lucci, Anthony; Das, Gokul M. (3 October 2014). "Highly Adaptable Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells as a Functional Model for Testing Anticancer Agents" . PLOS ONE . 9 (10) e109487. Bibcode :2014PLoSO...9j9487S . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0109487 . PMC 4184880 . 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"16p11.2 600 kb Duplications confer risk for typical and atypical Rolandic epilepsy" . Human Molecular Genetics . 23 (22): 6069– 6080. doi : 10.1093/hmg/ddu306 . PMID 24939913 . 1 2 "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool" . blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life" . timetree.org . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ↑ "Pairwise Sequence Alignment Tools < EMBL-EBI" . ebi.ac.uk . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . This page is based on this
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