Cactin also known as renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACTIN gene. [5] [6] [7]
Cactin was originally identified in Drosophila (fruit flies). The cactin gene is product is involved in the regulation of the innate immune system. It acts as negative regulator of the toll-like receptor, Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and the canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathways. [9]
The full-length cactin protein length is 3,150 bp long and with an N-terminus from 356–547 residues and a domain in the C-terminal 731–855 residues. [10]
This protein resides in many organs and tissues of all vertebrates, however, it has also been found in plants, protist, and fungi. The location that is highest in concentration of cactin gene is in the testis of males and in the spleen. The cactin gene in this specific area like the testis, enables RNA binding activity. This protein was also found to be involved in other process like cellular response from cytokines and negative signal transduction (negative feed back loops). [11]
In plants, the cactcin is associated with SR proteins localized in nuclear speckles. [12] Plant and human cells share the same spliceosomal proteins, which involved the removal of introns in order to form mature messenger RNA.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 also known as DEAD box protein 5 or RNA helicase p68 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX5 gene.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPF gene.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPH1 gene.
Pre-mRNA-processing factor 40 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRPF40A gene.
Splicing factor 1 also known as zinc finger protein 162 (ZFM162) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF1 gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX20, also known as DEAD-box helicase 20 and gem-associated protein 3 (GEMIN3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX20 gene.
U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SART1 gene. This gene encodes two proteins, the SART1(800) protein expressed in the nucleus of the majority of proliferating cells, and the SART1(259) protein expressed in the cytosol of epithelial cancers. The SART1(259) protein is translated by the mechanism of -1 frameshifting during posttranscriptional regulation. The two encoded proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of proliferation. Both proteins have tumor-rejection antigens. The SART1(259) protein possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients. This SART1(259) antigen may be useful in specific immunotherapy for cancer patients and may serve as a paradigmatic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atopy. The SART1(259) protein is found to be essential for the recruitment of the tri-snRNP to the pre-spliceosome in the spliceosome assembly pathway.
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T-cells 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SART3 gene.
Transcription elongation regulator 1, also known as TCERG1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TCERG1 gene.
Pre-mRNA-processing factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRPF6 gene.
U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNRPB2 gene.
U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRPF4 gene. The removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNAs occurs on complexes called spliceosomes, which are made up of 4 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles and an undefined number of transiently associated splicing factors. PRPF4 is 1 of several proteins that associate with U4 and U6 snRNPs.[supplied by OMIM]
DNA polymerase delta subunit 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD2 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.
Rh family, C glycoprotein, also known as RHCG, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHCG gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX41 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX41 gene.
Proline-rich protein PRCC is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PRCC gene.
RNA-binding protein Raly is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALY gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX23 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX23 gene.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERGIC3 gene. It has been reported to be regulated by micro RNAs and may be important in a cancer.
U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 35 kDa subunit-related protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZRSR2 gene.
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