CD96

CD96
Identifiers
Aliases	CD96 , TACTILE, CD96 molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 606037; MGI: 1934368; HomoloGene: 68489; GeneCards: CD96; OMA:CD96 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	111,665,750 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	45,940,614 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; lymph node; ; blood; ; spleen; ; appendix; ; epithelium of colon; ; gallbladder; ; rectum; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; bone marrow cells;
	Top expressed in
	thymus; ; seminiferous tubule; ; blood; ; mesenteric lymph nodes; ; ganglion of vagus nerve; ; pharynx; ; spleen; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; secondary oocyte; ; jejunum;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Orthologs
	10225
	84544
	ENSG00000153283
	ENSMUSG00000022657
	P40200 ; Q8WUE2
	Q3U0X8
	NM_005816 ; NM_198196 ; NM_001318889
	NM_032465
	NP_001305818 ; NP_005807 ; NP_937839 ; NP_001305818.1
	NP_115854
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated September 10, 2024

CD96 (Cluster of Differentiation 96) or Tactile (T cell activation, increased late expression) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD96 gene.^[5] CD96 is a receptor protein which is expressed on T cells and NK cells and shares sequence similarity with CD226 (also known as DNAM-1).^[6] The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein. The protein may play a role in the adhesion of activated T and NK cells to their target cells during the late phase of the immune response. It may also function in antigen presentation^{[ citation needed ]}. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. CD96 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and is expressed by all resting human and mouse NK cells. CD96 main ligand is CD155. CD 96 has approximately 20% homology with CD226 and competed for binding to CD155 with CD226.^[7]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein. The protein may play a role in the adhesive interactions of activated T and NK cells during the late phase of the immune response. It may also function in antigen presentation. Alternative splicing generates multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].

Related Research Articles

Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a type I transmembrane protein found on antigen-presenting cells and is required for their activation. The binding of CD154 (CD40L) on T_H cells to CD40 activates antigen presenting cells and induces a variety of downstream effects.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C also known as PTPRC is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene. PTPRC is also known as CD45 antigen, which was originally called leukocyte common antigen (LCA).

CD155, also known as the poliovirus receptor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PVR gene. It is a transmembrane protein that is involved in forming junctions between neighboring cells. It is also the molecule that poliovirus uses to enter cells. The gene is specific to the primates.

B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule, B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19. In humans, CD19 is expressed in all B lineage cells. Contrary to some early doubts, human plasma cells do express CD19, as confirmed by others. CD19 plays two major roles in human B cells: on the one hand, it acts as an adaptor protein to recruit cytoplasmic signaling proteins to the membrane; on the other, it works within the CD19/CD21 complex to decrease the threshold for B cell receptor signaling pathways. Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a biomarker for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies.

CD27 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It is currently of interest to immunologists as a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule, and is the target of an anti-cancer drug in clinical trials.

Poliovirus receptor-related 2 (PVRL2), also known as nectin-2 and CD112, is a human plasma membrane glycoprotein.

CD244 also known as 2B4 or SLAMF4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD244 gene.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL1 gene.

Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR3 gene. NCR3 has also been designated as CD337 and as NKp30. NCR3 belongs to the family of NCR membrane receptors together with NCR1 (NKp46) and NCR2 (NKp44).

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB4 gene.

Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR1 gene. NCR1 has also been designated as CD335 (cluster of differentiation, NKP46, NKp46, NK-p46, and LY94.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD226</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

CD226, PTA1 or DNAM-1 is a ~65 kDa immunoglobulin-like transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of natural killer cells, NK T cell, B cells, dendritic cells, hematopoietic precursor cells, platelets, monocytes and T cells.

SLAM family member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF6 gene.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB3 gene.

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC2 gene.

Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC10 gene. Siglec-G is often referred to as the murine paralog of human Siglec-10

CD79b molecule, immunoglobulin-associated beta, also known as CD79B, is a human gene.

C-type lectin domain family 12 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC12A gene.

Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (IL7R-α) also known as CD127 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL7R gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153283 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022657 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: CD96 molecule" . Retrieved 2018-07-03.
↑ Fuchs A, Colonna M (October 2006). "The role of NK cell recognition of nectin and nectin-like proteins in tumor immunosurveillance". Seminars in Cancer Biology. 16 (5): 359–366. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.07.002. PMID 16904340.
↑ Martinet L, Smyth MJ (April 2015). "Balancing natural killer cell activation through paired receptors". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 15 (4): 243–254. doi:10.1038/nri3799. PMID 25743219. S2CID 20825600.

Fuchs A, Cella M, Giurisato E, Shaw AS, Colonna M (April 2004). "Cutting edge: CD96 (tactile) promotes NK cell-target cell adhesion by interacting with the poliovirus receptor (CD155)". Journal of Immunology. 172 (7): 3994–3998. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.3994 . PMID 15034010.
Hosen N, Park CY, Tatsumi N, Oji Y, Sugiyama H, Gramatzki M, et al. (June 2007). "CD96 is a leukemic stem cell-specific marker in human acute myeloid leukemia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (26): 11008–11013. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10411008H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0704271104 . PMC 1904175 . PMID 17576927.
Kaname T, Yanagi K, Chinen Y, Makita Y, Okamoto N, Maehara H, et al. (October 2007). "Mutations in CD96, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, cause a form of the C (Opitz trigonocephaly) syndrome". American Journal of Human Genetics. 81 (4): 835–841. doi:10.1086/522014. PMC 2227933 . PMID 17847009.
Meyer D, Seth S, Albrecht J, Maier MK, du Pasquier L, Ravens I, et al. (January 2009). "CD96 interaction with CD155 via its first Ig-like domain is modulated by alternative splicing or mutations in distal Ig-like domains". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (4): 2235–2244. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M807698200 . PMID 19056733.
Davila S, Froeling FE, Tan A, Bonnard C, Boland GJ, Snippe H, et al. (April 2010). "New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine". Genes and Immunity. 11 (3): 232–238. doi:10.1038/gene.2010.1. PMID 20237496. S2CID 11183658.
Wu Y, Xiao M, Zhu L, Zhou XX, Gong Q, Xin X, et al. (June 2011). "[CD96 expression on bone marrow mononuclear cells in 91 patients with acute leukemia]". Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi (in Chinese). 19 (3): 585–588. PMID 21729528.
Mohseni Nodehi S, Repp R, Kellner C, Bräutigam J, Staudinger M, Schub N, et al. (2012). "Enhanced ADCC activity of affinity maturated and Fc-engineered mini-antibodies directed against the AML stem cell antigen CD96". PLOS ONE. 7 (8): e42426. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...742426M. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042426 . PMC 3411760 . PMID 22879978.
Eriksson EM, Keh CE, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Hecht FM, Nixon DF (2012). "Differential expression of CD96 surface molecule represents CD8⁺ T cells with dissimilar effector function during HIV-1 infection". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e51696. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...751696E. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051696 . PMC 3521672 . PMID 23272144.
Chávez-González A, Dorantes-Acosta E, Moreno-Lorenzana D, Alvarado-Moreno A, Arriaga-Pizano L, Mayani H (May 2014). "Expression of CD90, CD96, CD117, and CD123 on different hematopoietic cell populations from pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia". Archives of Medical Research. 45 (4): 343–350. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.04.001. PMID 24751333.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153283 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022657 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: CD96 molecule" . Retrieved 2018-07-03.

[Fuchs-2006-6] Fuchs A, Colonna M (October 2006). "The role of NK cell recognition of nectin and nectin-like proteins in tumor immunosurveillance". Seminars in Cancer Biology. 16 (5): 359–366. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.07.002. PMID 16904340.

[Smyth-2015-7] Martinet L, Smyth MJ (April 2015). "Balancing natural killer cell activation through paired receptors". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 15 (4): 243–254. doi:10.1038/nri3799. PMID 25743219. S2CID 20825600.

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CD96

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading