CIA in fiction

Last updated May 27, 2022

Espionage and secret operations have long been a source of fiction, and the real and perceived U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a source of many books, films and video games. Some fiction may be historically based, or will refer to less action-oriented aspects, such as intelligence analysis or counterintelligence.

Adaptations of real events

The film Charlie Wilson's War , released in December 2007, gives a popular account of the efforts of U.S. Congressman Charles Wilson to secure funding for the CIA's Operation Cyclone, giving covert assistance to Afghan rebels during the Soviet–Afghan War. This film positively portrays the CIA, while finishing with a muted scolding of Congress for funding the war but not funding subsequent peacetime reconstruction. This lack of funding for reconstruction, or what are called Operations Other Than War (OOTWA) in military parlance and counter-insurgency doctrine, are mooted as an antecedent to the present War on Terrorism. According to Declan Walsh, writing in The Guardian , the support of the mujahideen by the U.S. and Pakistan backfired on the U.S. in the form of the 9/11 attacks, and is now backfiring on Pakistan.^[1] The film has its critics.^[2]

The Good Shepherd , directed by Robert De Niro and released in 2006, narrates the CIA's tumultuous early history as viewed through the prism of one man's life. While the lead character is a composite of several real people, the most important is the long-term chief of the CIA Counterintelligence Staff, James Jesus Angleton. Angleton is also the basis of William F. Buckley, Jr.'s novel Spytime: The Undoing of James Jesus Angleton^[3] The same story is told in the 2007 TNT miniseries The Company .

Hypothetical but modeled on real organizations

The character Jack Ryan in Tom Clancy's books is a CIA analyst.^[4] Ryan is never a case officer in the usual sense of the term, as opposed to characters such as John Clark and Domingo Chavez. Ryan starts as a contract consultant, becomes an analyst, and rises in responsibility. There are operations officers that play a major role in Clancy's novels, such as Clark and Chavez, to say nothing of the creative and intelligent Mary Pat Foley.

Graham Greene's The Quiet American , which has been issued in two editions and made into a film, is based on an amoral CIA agent operating in Southeast Asia.^[5]

Films and television

In Three Days of the Condor , a low-level CIA employee codenamed Condor (Robert Redford) works in a small brownstone office reading books, magazines, etc., looking for enemy codes. He slips out to buy some food, and upon soon returning, finds that all his co-workers have been murdered.
In The Hunt for Red October , Alec Baldwin plays CIA analyst Jack Ryan. The character is also played by Harrison Ford in the films Patriot Games and Clear and Present Danger , while Ben Affleck portrays Jack Ryan in The Sum of All Fears , Chris Pine is Ryan in the original story Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit , while the actor is John Krasinski in the 2018 TV series Jack Ryan .
The Good Shepherd , narrates the CIA's tumultuous early history as viewed through the prism of one man's life. While the lead character is a composite of several real people, including long-term chief of the CIA Counterintelligence Staff, James Jesus Angleton. Angleton is also the basis of William F. Buckley, Jr.'s novel Spytime: The Undoing of James Jesus Angleton^[3]
In JFK , the CIA's connections to Anti-Castro Cuban freedom fighters, far right extremists, and the Mafia are portrayed, as well as the CIA's alleged participation in President John F. Kennedy's assassination, the assassination's cover-up, and the CIA's attempted sabotage of the prosecution by Jim Garrison (Kevin Costner) of former CIA domestic contact agent Clay Shaw (Tommy Lee Jones).
In In the Line of Fire , a former CIA assassin, played by John Malkovich, informs a U.S. Secret Service agent, portrayed by Clint Eastwood, of his plans to kill the president.
In Nixon , Richard Nixon, played by Anthony Hopkins, is shown nurturing, threatening, and paying off the CIA as he attempts to salvage his presidency.
In Ronin , Robert De Niro portrays a former CIA officer.
In Sicario , CIA officer Matt Graver (Josh Brolin) is in charge of an operation against the Sonora Cartel.
In Spy Game , Brad Pitt plays a CIA field agent who is trained by a CIA officer (Robert Redford) but eventually turns rogue.
In Bad Company , Chris Rock plays an undercover CIA officer who is buying a bomb from Russian terrorists.
In The Recruit , Al Pacino plays a CIA training officer who recruits a young trainee (Colin Farrell).
In Fantastic Voyage, CIA agent Charles Grant (Stephen Boyd) joins a team of surgeons who shrink down to microscopic size to travel into the body of a wounded scientist and destroy a fatal blood clot in his brain, dealing with a saboteur working with his assassins along the way.
In Once Upon a Time in Mexico , the sequel to Desperado, Johnny Depp plays CIA officer Sheldon Jeffrey Sands, who is manipulating events in Mexico.
In Body of Lies , Leonardo DiCaprio plays a CIA case officer tracking a terrorist called Al-Saleem in Iraq.
In the Taken franchise, Liam Neeson plays Brian Mills, a former CIA operative.
In the Taken prequel TV series, Brian Mills is a former U.S. Army Green Beret and newly-recruited CIA operative, portrayed by Clive Standen.
In Law Abiding Citizen , antagonist Clyde Shelton (Gerard Butler) is a former CIA assassin who specialized in covert operations.
In Salt , Angelina Jolie plays a CIA officer accused of being a Russian sleeper agent.
In the Bourne film series, Jason Bourne (Matt Damon) is a former CIA SAD paramilitary officer whom the CIA wishes to terminate for disobeying orders to assassinate a political figure.
In Safe House , Denzel Washington and Ryan Reynolds play CIA operatives.
In Alias , Sydney Bristow first works for what she believes to be a black ops division of the CIA, which turns out to be an enemy organization; she subsequently becomes a double agent for the real CIA.
In Red , Bruce Willis and Karl Urban play CIA operatives.
In Burn Notice , Jeffrey Donovan plays a spy that was burned and tries to figure out who burned him and much of the plot and characters have links with the CIA.
In Chuck , Sarah Walker is a CIA operative working with the NSA to protect and gain intelligence from the title character along with John Casey , an NSA operative tasked to work with Sarah and Chuck by General Beckman . series also has other CIA and NSA officers, notably Bryce Larkin, as well as a splinter or rogue element within the CIA's ranks, called Fulcrum.
In Covert Affairs , Piper Perabo plays the role of a CIA trainee Annie Walker who suddenly gets promoted to a field operative in order to help capture her ex-boyfriend.
In Torchwood: Miracle Day , Mekhi Phifer plays CIA officer Rex Matheson who is investigating the eponymous Torchwood Institute. Alexa Havins and Dichen Lachman also portray CIA officers.
In Homeland , Claire Danes plays Carrie Mathison, a CIA Covert Operations Officer on the trail of a U.S. Marine suspected of becoming a terrorist after his capture by extremists.
In Person of Interest , Jim Caviezel plays John Reese, a retired CIA operative working with a hacker to stop violent crimes in New York.
In the James Bond film series fictional agent Felix Leiter is Bond's primary contact in the CIA.
In The Agency the inner workings of the CIA are portrayed with field personal and technical staff interacting on missions. Notable for filming some segments at CIA headquarters.
In Tenet , John David Washington plays the role of the Protagonist who is a CIA officer that is chosen by the Tenet organization and later founds Tenet.
In the Fox event series 24: Live Another Day , the CIA is a U.S. agency operating within London that captures federal fugitive Jack Bauer. The agency takes the main governmental role over CTU in the miniseries.
In the Narcos web television series, Eric Lange portrays CIA Station Chief in Colombia Bill Stechner.
In Narcos: Mexico features an episode where Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo has to deliver guns to Nicaragua with Amado Carrillo and a CIA operative for Salvador Nava and Mexico's Minister of Defense.
In Quantico , two months after the presidential election ended, Alex Parrish (Priyanka Chopra) is approached by Matthew Keyes (Henry Czerny), the director of the CIA who provides an opportunity for her to join and work for the organization.
In Mission: Impossible , Ethan Hunt (Tom Cruise) infiltrates the CIA headquarters to steal a non-official cover list of CIA operatives. In Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation , Hunt is pursued by the CIA for his attempts to prove the existence of the Syndicate, a criminal organization the CIA does not believe exists. In Mission: Impossible – Fallout , Ethan Hunt and his team track down stolen plutonium while being monitored by the CIA.
In Zero Dark Thirty, Jessica Chastain stars as Maya, a fictional CIA intelligence analyst who is tasked with finding the Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.
In Marvel's The Punisher , the CIA's Director of Covert Operations William Rawlins (Paul Schulze) organizes the Operation Cerberus, a covert military operation on Afghanistan territory, unsanctioned by the U.S. Congress. Rawlins attempts to cover up the operation's existence, clashing with the United States Department of Homeland Security and the Punisher. Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio also plays a Deputy Director of the CIA Marion James.
The CIA plays a minor role in the first season of the television series The Flight Attendant and novel on which it is based and a major role in the second season of the television series. At the end of the original novel, main character Cassandra "Cassie" Bowden becomes an asset for the CIA. Similarly, at the end of the first season of the television series, Cassie's co-worker Shane Evans reveals that he is a CIA agent who has been investigating their supervisor. He recommends Cassie for their civilian asset program. In the second season, Cassie is working as a member of this program. The season revolves around the mystery that unfolds after she witnesses a murder working this job and viewers are introduced to new characters working for the CIA at the organization's Los Angeles headquarters, including Cassie's handler Benjamin Berry and his supervisor, Dot Karlson.

Tabletop roleplaying games

The CIA frequently appears in Delta Green , the Program recruits CIA operatives from various sectors of the agency due their extensive operations, know-how, contacts and resources. In the 2016 edition of the game, the Player characters can be agents of the CIA, with professions ranging from Intelligence Analyst, Intelligence Case Officer, Clandestine Service agent and Special Activities Division operator, both from the Special Operations Group and Political Action Group.
- In Countdown, the CIA appears in the background of the "Tiger Transit" faction. The CIA sent funds the Tcho-Tchos during the campaign of support to anti-Vietnamese ethnic groups in Indochina during the Vietnam War, via Tiger Transit, an Air America-style front company. The Tcho-tchos would later participate in the CIA drug traffic operations in Central America and Southeast Asia via Tiger Transit, which now they control.^[6] This background is also mentioned in the d20 System version of Call of Cthulhu role-playing game.

Related Research Articles

John Patrick Ryan, Sr. (Hon.) is a fictional character created by author Tom Clancy and featured in his Ryanverse novels, which have consistently topped the New York Times bestseller list over 30 years. Since Clancy's death in 2013, four other authors have continued the franchise and its other connecting series with the approval of the Clancy family estate: Mark Greaney, Grant Blackwood, Mike Maden, and Marc Cameron.

John T. Clark is a fictional character created by Tom Clancy. Clark is Clancy’s second most famous character after Jack Ryan. He has been featured in many of his Ryanverse novels. Although he first appeared in The Cardinal of the Kremlin (1988), his origin story was detailed in Without Remorse (1993).

Clear and Present Danger is a political thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and published on August 17, 1989. A sequel to The Cardinal of the Kremlin (1988), main character Jack Ryan becomes acting Deputy Director of Intelligence in the Central Intelligence Agency, and discovers that he is being kept in the dark by his colleagues who are conducting a covert war against a drug cartel based in Colombia. It debuted at number one on The New York Times bestseller list. A film adaptation, featuring Harrison Ford reprising his role as Ryan, was released on August 3, 1994.

Counterintelligence is an activity aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service. It includes gathering information and conducting activities to prevent espionage, sabotage, assassinations or other intelligence activities conducted by, for, or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons.

Red Rabbit is a spy thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and released on August 5, 2002. The plot occurs a few months after the events of Patriot Games (1987), and incorporates the 1981 assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II. Main character Jack Ryan, now an analyst for the Central Intelligence Agency, takes part in the extraction of a Soviet defector who knows of a KGB plot to kill the pontiff. The book debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.

An intelligence officer is a person employed by an organization to collect, compile or analyze information which is of use to that organization. The word of officer is a working title, not a rank, used in the same way a "police officer" can also be a sergeant, or in the military, in which non-commissioned personnel may serve as intelligence officers.

James Jesus Angleton Central Intelligence Agency officer (1917–1987)

James Jesus Angleton was chief of counterintelligence for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1954 to 1974. His official position within the organization was Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence (ADDOCI). Angleton was significantly involved in the US response to the purported KGB defectors Anatoliy Golitsyn and Yuri Nosenko. Angleton later became convinced the CIA harbored a high-ranking mole, and engaged in an intensive search. Whether this was a highly destructive witch hunt or appropriate caution vindicated by later moles remains a subject of intense historical debate.

The Teeth of the Tiger is a thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and released on August 11, 2003. Set in a post-9/11 world, it is the first book to feature The Campus, a covert intelligence agency created by President Jack Ryan before the end of his term as chief executive. While he does not appear in the book, his son Jack Ryan Jr., as well as his nephews Dominic and Brian Caruso, are featured as The Campus operatives. The book debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list, and would become Clancy's last solely written novel before a seven-year break from writing fiction.

Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Golitsyn CBE was a Soviet KGB defector and author of two books about the long-term deception strategy of the KGB leadership. He was born in Pyriatyn, USSR. He provided "a wide range of intelligence to the CIA on the operations of most of the 'Lines' (departments) at the Helsinki and other residencies, as well as KGB methods of recruiting and running agents." He was an American citizen as late as 1984.

<i>The Good Shepherd</i> (film) 2006 film directed by Robert De Niro

The Good Shepherd is a 2006 American spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie, and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast. Although it is a fictional film loosely based on real events of James Jesus Angleton, it is advertised as telling the untold story of the birth of counterintelligence in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

The Directorate of Operations (DO), less formally called the Clandestine Service, is a component of the US Central Intelligence Agency. It was known as the Directorate of Plans from 1951 to 1973; as the Directorate of Operations from 1973 to 2005; and as the National Clandestine Service (NCS) from 2005 to 2015.

The Company is a three-part serial about the activities of the CIA during the Cold War. It was based on the best-selling 2002 novel of the same name by Robert Littell. The teleplay adaptation was written by Ken Nolan, who received a Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Long Form – Adapted.

Countries with major counterintelligence failures are presented alphabetically. In each case, there is at least one systemic problem with seeking penetration agents when few or none may actually have existed, to the detriment of the functioning of the national service involved.

The CIA publishes organizational charts of its agency. Here are a few examples.

Wedge: The Secret War Between the FBI and CIA, a nonfiction book by American historian and policy analyst Mark Riebling, explores the conflict between U.S. domestic law enforcement and foreign intelligence. The book presents FBI–CIA rivalry through the prism of national traumas—including the Kennedy assassination, Watergate, and 9/11—and argues that the agencies' failure to cooperate has seriously endangered U.S. national security.

Threat Vector is a techno-thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and co-written with Mark Greaney, and published on December 4, 2012. A direct sequel to Locked On (2011), President Jack Ryan and The Campus must prevent a Chinese expansionist government from enacting war in the South China Sea. The book debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list.

Rufus Lackland Taylor Jr. was an officer in the United States Navy. Eventually he became Director of the Office of Naval Intelligence and held the rank of Vice Admiral. In 1966 he was appointed as Deputy Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), then shortly thereafter as Deputy Director of the CIA, where he served from 1966 to 1969.

Command Authority is a techno-thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and co-written with Mark Greaney, and published on December 3, 2013. It is Clancy's last major work of fiction and was released posthumously two months after his death. Set during the Cold War and after the events of Threat Vector (2012), the novel features President Jack Ryan and The Campus as they must deal with Russian dictator Valeri Volodin, a character widely noted as similar to real-life Russian president Vladimir Putin. The book debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list.

David Henry Blee served in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from its founding in 1947 until his 1985 retirement. During World War II in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), he had worked in Southeast Asia. In the CIA, he served as Chief of Station (COS) in Asia and Africa, starting in the 1950s. He then led the CIA's Near East Division.

True Faith and Allegiance is a political thriller, written by Mark Greaney and released on December 6, 2016. In the book, President Jack Ryan and The Campus must contain a massive intelligence breach that has been responsible for a series of terrorist attacks on American military and intelligence personnel. True Faith and Allegiance is Greaney's last book in the Jack Ryan series, which is part of the Tom Clancy universe. It debuted at number three on the New York Times bestseller list.

References

↑ Walsh, Declan (April 16, 2008). "The Taliban blowback". The Guardian .
↑ Roddy, Melissa (December 21, 2007), "Tom Hanks Tells Hollywood hopper in 'Charlie Wilson's War'", AlterNet
1 2 Buckley, William F. Jr. (2001), Spytime: The Undoing of James Jesus Angleton, Harvest Books, ISBN 0-15-601124-7
↑ Clancy, Tom (1984), The Hunt for Red October, HarperCollins, ISBN 0-87021-285-0
↑ Greene, Graham (2004), The Quiet American, Penguin Classics, ISBN 0-14-303902-4
↑ Tynes, Detwiller, Glancy, John, Dannis, Adam Scott (1999). Delta Green: Countdown. Pagan Publishing. ISBN 9781887797122.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)