CYYR1

CYYR1
Identifiers
Aliases	CYYR1 , C21orf95, cysteine and tyrosine rich 1
External IDs	OMIM: 616020 MGI: 2152187 HomoloGene: 14191 GeneCards: CYYR1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 21 (human)
End	26,573,286 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	85,350,285 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	visceral pleura; ; parietal pleura; ; pericardium; ; vena cava; ; lactiferous duct; ; right ventricle; ; urethra; ; superficial temporal artery; ; cardia; ; lower lobe of lung;
	Top expressed in
	right lung lobe; ; left lung lobe; ; myocardium of ventricle; ; extraocular muscle; ; carotid body; ; digastric muscle; ; brown adipose tissue; ; soleus muscle; ; body of femur; ; ciliary body;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	molecular function ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; membrane ;
Biological process	biological process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	116159
	224405
	ENSG00000166265
	ENSMUSG00000041134
	Q96J86
	Q8VIH7
	NM_052954 ; NM_001320768
	NM_144853
	NP_001307697 ; NP_443186
	NP_659102
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated November 13, 2023

Cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYYR1 gene ^[5]^[6]^[7] and is located on chromosome 21, location 21q21.2. This protein has a function that is not presently understood.

Protein

The product of the gene is a single pass type 1 transmembrane protein with four exons and a very large intron of 85.8 kb and coding for a protein containing 154 amino acids.^[8] The most prominent feature identified in the protein is a central, unique cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein domain, on portion of the protein which is located inside the cell. This domain is found to be strongly conserved from lower vertebrates (fishes) to humans but is absent in bacteria and invertebrates.^[6]

Properties and Domains

Bioinformatic analysis predicted the following properties for CYYR1:

Molecular Weight = 16.6kdal
Isoelectric Point = 8.28

The amino acid sequence is 153 amino acids long and contains 3 domains.^[9]

1   MDAPRLPVRP GVLLPKLVLL FVYADDCLAQ CGKDCKSYCC DGTTPYCCSY 51  YAYIGNILSG TAIAGIVFGI VFIMGVIAGI AICICMCMKN HRATRVGILR 101 TTHINTVSSY PGPPPYGHDH EMEYCDLPPP YSPTPQGPAQ RSPPPPYPGN 151 ARK

Using bioinformatic tools the following domains were determined:

Signal Peptide^[8] - Position 1-29
Transmembrane Domain^[8] - Position 62-82
Poly-Proline Domain^[8] - Position 144-149

Orthologs

Multiple sequence alignments were done with orthologs of the CYYR1 gene and they show that the protein sequence is highly conserved throughout all vertebrates.

Species	Accession #	Identity
Pan troglodytes	XP_001158941.1	99.2%^[10]
Macaca mulatta	XP_001104127.1	95.5%^[10]
Mus musculus	NP_659102.1	88.2%^[10]
Xenopus laevis	NP_001088967.1	74.3%^[10]
Danio rerio	NP_998047.1	60.4%^[10]

There are no known or predicted paralogs in Homo sapiens.

Interactions

CYYR1 has been shown to increase glutathione (GSH) level in yeast cells when complementing a defect in GSH uptake in yeast cells that lack Hgt1p, the primary yeast GSH uptake transporter.^[11] However, the CYYR1 gene is not naturally found in yeast, so function of CYYR1 is still unknown.

Related Research Articles

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References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166265 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000041134 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Reymond A, Camargo AA, Deutsch S, Stevenson BJ, Parmigiani RB, Ucla C, Bettoni F, Rossier C, Lyle R, Guipponi M, de Souza S, Iseli C, Jongeneel CV, Bucher P, Simpson AJ, Antonarakis SE (May 2002). "Nineteen additional unpredicted transcripts from human chromosome 21". Genomics. 79 (6): 824–32. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6781. PMID 12036297.
1 2 Vitale L, Casadei R, Canaider S, Lenzi L, Strippoli P, D'Addabbo P, Giannone S, Carinci P, Zannotti M (Jun 2002). "Cysteine and tyrosine-rich 1 (CYYR1), a novel unpredicted gene on human chromosome 21 (21q21.2), encodes a cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein and defines a new family of highly conserved vertebrate-specific genes". Gene. 290 (1–2): 141–51. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00550-4. PMID 12062809.
↑ "Entrez Gene: CYYR1 cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1".
1 2 3 4 "Cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein 1 precursor - Homo sapiens".
↑ SDSC Biology Workbench 2.0
1 2 3 4 5 "Cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1 - Homo sapiens".
↑ Shi S, Notenboom S, Dumont ME, Ballatori N (Jan 2010). "Identification of Human Gene Products Containing Pro-Pro-x-Tyr (PY) Motifs that Enhance Glutathione and Endocytotic Marker Uptake in Yeast". Cell Physiol Biochem. 25 (2–3): 293–306. doi:10.1159/000276570. PMC 3030462 . PMID 20110690.