| Calonarius pseudocupreorufus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Cortinariaceae |
| Genus: | Calonarius |
| Species: | C. pseudocupreorufus |
| Binomial name | |
| Calonarius pseudocupreorufus (Niskanen, Liimat. & Ammirati) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022) | |
| Synonyms | |
Cortinarius orichalceus var. olympianusA.H.Sm. (1944) Contents | |
Calonarius pseudocupreorufus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. [1]
It was originally described as new to science in 1944 by the American mycologist Alexander H. Smith who classified it as a variety of Cortinarius orichalceus . [2]
In 2014 molecular and morphological data suggested that it was sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as a distinct species and it was classified as Cortinarius pseudocupreorufus, placed in the Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium. [3]
In 2022 the species was transferred from Cortinarius and reclassified as Calonarius pseudocupreorufus based on genomic data. [4]
Cap: 30-100mm, convex to plano-convex, margin inrolled to decurved, viscid, colors mutable with age and exposure – at first yellowish-grey to olive-grey, sometimes mottled lilac-grey, disc darkening to warm brown to rich red-brown with buffer of yellow ochre, scales and patches in center of disc when mature. Flesh: Translucent grey-blue to yellowish blue, to lilac tinged, stipe base mottled white and grey in WA specimens but with distinctive red-pink blush in stipe base in some collections, below pileus lilac to pink. Gills: Close, lilac-grey at outer edge when young, pale dingy yellow at inner margin then yellow to olive yellow overall. Stipe: 35-85mm long, and 8-21mm wide at apex, abruptly bulbous to bulbous, sometimes turnip shaped, colored pale creamy yellow, olive yellow, or bluish tones with abundant cortina remnants; bulb bruises red when handled, particularly on bulb rim. Odor: No odor, taste mild. Dried fruitbodies: Dark burgundy with lilac tones to context. Habitat: Old growth conifer forest. KOH: On flesh: olive-grey, slowly browning. On cap: red-brown to wine-red. Interestingly, the wine-red on cap is not noted in the European description.
Discussion
‘Cupreorufus’, copper-red in Latin, refers to the distinctive red-color of the mature-cap of this species. Cortinarius cupreorufus was named by Brandrud in 1994, but has long been known by its prior (misapplied) name of Cortinarius orichalecus (Fries). The earlier name was not available because it was applied by Batsch in 1789 to a different Agaricus.
During field-ID, consider Cortinarius cupreorufus when you are in a mature calcareous conifer forest (in area with soil rich in chalk or limestone) and find a phlegmaciod species that is highly variable in color (tones from olive greens to yellows, redbrown or even purplish red). The colors in the cap are formed as the olive grey young cap tones oxidise to red-brown or purplish red. The gills are a distinctive drab-yellow and bulb bruises red, especially at rim. Confirmation can be found from the dried collection which turns wine red. An interesting feature sometimes observed in section Laeticolor is a turnip shaped bulb (abrupt rim and triangular base).
Phylogenetics
Liimatainen et al. (2014) place Cortinarius cupreorufus in the broader section Calochroi and Fulvi or more narrowly, in section Laeticolores which contains several distinctive Phlegmaciods from the PNW region: Cortinarius luteicolor, Cortinarius aureofulvus, Cortinarius pseudocupreorufus and Cortinarius saxamontanus. Laeticolor means “joyful color” and the species in this section are especially strong and variable with olive-yellow, yellow, red-brown and even purple tones.
The specific epithet pseudocupreorufus refers to its resemblance to Calonarius cupreorufus . [3]
Phlegmacium ponderosum, also known as the Ponderous Cortinarius, is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It is very large and due to its thick stem it can be mistaken for Boletus edulis.
Phlegmacium basorapulum is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, the species was described as new to science in 2010.
Phlegmacium cruentipellis is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius flavipallens is a species of agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium flavivelatum is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium kytoevuorii is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius luteicolor is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium luteiaureum is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Thaxterogaster melleicarneus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium balteatialutaceus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium balteaticlavatus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium boreicyanites is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae
Phlegmacium boreidionysae is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium brunneiaurantius is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium caesiocolor is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium cremeiamarescens is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It was originally described in 2014 by the mycologists Ilkka Kytövuori, Kare Liimatainen and Tuula Niskanen who classified it as Cortinarius cremeiamarescens. It was placed in the of the large mushroom genus Cortinarius. The specific epithet cremeiamarescens refers to the fruitbody colour and the bitter-tasting cap cuticle. Phlegmacium gentianeus is a sister species with which it has been previously confused. It is found in southern Europe and western North America, where it grows in coniferous forests.
Calonarius xanthodryophilus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium subfoetidum is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It was previously known as Cortinarius subfoetidus.
Aureonarius is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Cystinarius is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
