| Caloplaca nothoholocarpa | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Caloplaca |
| Species: | C. nothoholocarpa |
| Binomial name | |
| Caloplaca nothoholocarpa S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2020) | |
 | |
| Holotype site: Patagonia, Chile [1] | |
Caloplaca nothoholocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It is found in Chile.
The species was formally described by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2020. The type specimen was collected in Chile, specifically from the areas around Lake Balmaceda and Lake Pinto in Patagonia, a region close to the seaside. This specimen was found growing on rock, cohabiting with other lichens, namely Caloplaca nothocitrina and an unidentified Caloplaca species. The species name nothoholocarpa alludes to its distribution in the Southern Hemisphere and its resemblance to Athallia holocarpa , a species found in the Northern Hemisphere. [1]
Caloplaca nothoholocarpa has a thallus that can extend up to 1.5–2 cm in diameter or form larger aggregations. The thallus presents in shades of greyish, whitish, or whitish-grey, often appearing dull orange or brownish-orange due to the profusion of apothecia. Under high magnification, the thallus appears either continuous or areolate , with areoles measuring 0.2–0.8 mm across. These areoles, separated by cracks up to 0.04 mm wide, can be indistinct, often being completely obscured by apothecia or showing signs of exfoliation. The upper surface of the thallus is typically whitish or whitish-grey, occasionally with yellowish spots or verrucae, which are likely young apothecia. [1]
The apothecia of Caloplaca nothoholocarpa are quite numerous and typically aggregate, measuring 0.15–0.6 mm in diameter. In cross-section, they are 0.12–0.2 mm thick. Each areole generally hosts 2–5 apothecia. These apothecia are rounded or irregular in shape, initially lecanorine or immersed in the thallus, but predominantly become biatorine and sessile. The margin of the apothecia is very thin, dull yellow or dull yellow-orange, contrasting with the disc's dull brownish-yellow or brownish-orange colour. The true exciple of the apothecia is 30–40 μm thick, paraplectenchymatous with a matrix and cell lumina of 3–4 μm in diameter. [1]
The hymenium of the lichen ranges from 30 to 75 μm in height, and the paraphyses are almost not swollen towards the tips. The subhymenium is relatively thin, about 30–40 μm thick, containing numerous oil droplets and irregular oil aggregations. Asci typically contain 8 spores, including 4 bipolarilocular and 4 simple abortive spores. The ascospores are fusiform (threadlike), slightly wider at the equatorial part, measuring 12–15 by 5–8 μm in water and slightly larger in potassium hydroxide (K) solution. [1]
In terms of its chemical properties, the epihymenium of Caloplaca nothoholocarpa reacts K+ by turning purple or somewhat blackish-purple, eventually becoming crimson. [1]
Caloplaca nothoholocarpa is similar to Athallia holocarpa. It is distinguished by several key features: it has smaller apothecia, a whitish hypothallus, longer ascospores measuring 13–15 by 6–8 μm (as opposed to 10–13 by 6–8 μm in Athallia holocarpa), and a somewhat narrower ascospore septum, ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 μm (compared to 3–6 μm in Athallia holocarpa). [1]
Historically, convex and large apothecia, reaching up to 1.3 mm in diameter, have been noted as characteristic of Southern Hemisphere specimens of Caloplaca holocarpa according to Øvstedal and Lewis Smith. [3] In contrast, the material of C. nothoholocarpa aligns more closely with species such as Gondwania sublobulata , Austroplaca johnstonii , and Caloplaca schofieldii , all of which are quite distinct from Athallia holocarpa. [1]
Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.
Caloplaca aliciae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. It is characterised by a thallus that can grow up to 2 cm wide, featuring colours from dull pink to dull brown, with small, dispersed, flat areoles that are irregularly shaped and occasionally dissected by cracks, displaying a whitish, dull pink, or dull orange-brown surface. Its apothecia are lecanorine in form, initially immersed but often rising above the areoles, with each areole containing one or two apothecia that have a thalline margin matching the thallus colour.
Caloplaca conranii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. The lichen has a bright yellow thallus about 1–2 cm wide, featuring a thick texture with convex, pustule-like formations around the edges and occasionally forming clusters in the centre. Its apothecia are quite large and heavy, ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 mm in diameter, with a flat, dull orange or brownish-orange disc, and long, narrow ascospores.
Caloplaca filsonii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a crust-like thallus that is uneven and warty around the edges and more distinctly wart-like in the centre, coloured in shades of grey and brownish-grey near its reproductive structures (apothecia), but lacking a developed prothallus.
Caloplaca haematommona is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a very thin, whitish, crust-like thallus dotted with black, spanning about 10–18 mm in width, and apothecia ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 mm in diameter, and becoming yellow-orange to brownish-orange as they mature. The lichen is known only from its type locality in Western Australia.
Caloplaca streimannii is a little-known species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, it is characterised by its powdery soredious mass and numerous tiny apothecia.
Elixjohnia bermaguiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen is characterised by its varying areoles, which are thin to moderately thick, flat to slightly convex, and range from bright yellow to whitish in colour, sometimes with a greenish-yellow hue. Its apothecia are small, with a distinct orange margin and a raised brownish-orange or yellowish-brown disc.
Filsoniana australiensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms patches up to 9 cm wide, with dull pink to brownish pink lobes and a verrucose central area. It has distinctive, raised reddish-orange apothecia.
Filsoniana kiamae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia are round, with brownish-orange margins and a reddish disc.
Filsoniana rexfilsonii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007. The thallus of Filsoniana rexfilsonii comprises brownish-orange squamules each hosting one to four reproductive structures.
Neobrownliella montisfracti is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The small lichen has dull pink to grey areoles, characterised by completely immersed, reddish to pink-brown apothecia and lacking soredia and isidia. Its areoles are closely pressed against the substrate, with the apothecia containing small, elongated ascospores and narrowly rod-shaped conidia.
Sirenophila cliffwetmorei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. Its thallus can reach up to 1 centimetre in width, has a whitish to whitish-grey colour, and is very thin, sometimes almost merging with the substrate, and has paler edges with a darker grey centre. Its numerous tiny apothecia give the thallus a yellow-orange appearance.
Caloplaca nothocitrina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Its thallus is up to 8 mm in diameter and deep yellow in colour. It comprises small dispersed areoles, occasional concave soralia, and circular apothecia with a bright yellow margin and a dull dark yellowish or brownish disc.
Caloplaca patagoniensis is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Chile. It forms small thallus patches, with distinctive areoles that change from whitish or greyish-yellow to deep orange or brownish-orange, often covered by a bright orange blastidious mass. Its fruiting bodies (apothecia) are dark reddish-orange and initially immersed in the substrate, while its spores are ellipsoid to elongated, and the species contains parietin, turning purple when exposed to a potassium hydroxide solution.
Caloplaca ulleungensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in South Korea, particularly on Ulleungdo and Jeju Islands.
Elixjohnia jackelixii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. The lichen is characterised by its unique multilayered appearance with outer sterile rings that are brownish or greenish-yellow and inner areoles that are whitish, yellowish, or greyish, often cracked to reveal the medulla underneath. Its fruiting bodies, or apothecia, are typically attached directly to the thallus and vary in colour and shape.
Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen has a squamulose (scaly) thallus, with a range of bright yellow to greenish-yellow and brownish-orange colours in its soredia and apothecia, respectively. The areoles of this lichen are varied in size, slightly raised from the thallus surface, and each carries one to four apothecia. The soralia are rounded or irregularly shaped, covering most of the thallus surface as a yellow to greenish-yellow mass. The apothecia have dark brownish-orange discs, surrounded by slightly paler yellow margins, with the spore-bearing asci containing typically eight brownish-golden ascospores.
Hanstrassia lenae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2007, the lichen is found in Russian Far East, Mongolia, and Siberia. It closely resembles Elenkiniana ehrenbergii but distinguished by the presence of soralia on its thallus. This species has a thick, effigurate thallus with weak marginal lobes and developed marginal, labriform (lip-shaped) soralia.
Nevilleiella marchantii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007. The thallus of Nevilleiella marchantii spreads 1–3 cm wide, with distinctive, almost spherical, pustule-like formations that give it an appearance resembling a bunch of grapes. These formations vary in shape and colour from yellow-brown to orange-brown.
Marchantiana occidentalis is a species of corticolous and saxicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Western Australia, usually as an inhabitant of dry twigs, bark, or wood of various plant species, but occasionally on granite rock outcrops. It forms a well-developed thallus, shiny and composed of tiny dark greenish to brown areoles, with sizes typically ranging from 5–15 mm, though larger aggregations are possible. It features numerous rounded apothecia scattered across its surface, varying in form and colour, with a distinct margin and disc.