Camizestrant

Camizestrant
Clinical data
Other names	AZD9833
Legal status
Legal status	Investigational;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N-[1-(3-fluoropropyl)azetidin-3-yl]-6-[(6S,8R)-8-methyl-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3,6,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-f]isoquinolin-6-yl]pyridin-3-amine;
CAS Number	2222844-89-3 ;
PubChem CID	134453496 ;
IUPHAR/BPS	12716 ;
DrugBank	DB19218 ;
ChemSpider	103820855 ;
UNII	JUP57A8EPZ ;
KEGG	D12049 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL4650365 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C24H28F4N6
Molar mass	476.524 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image ;
	SMILES C[C@@H]1CC2=C(C=CC3=C2C=NN3)[C@H](N1CC(F)(F)F)C4=NC=C(C=C4)NC5CN(C5)CCCF;
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H28F4N6/c1-15-9-19-18(4-6-21-20(19)11-30-32-21)23(34(15)14-24(26,27)28)22-5-3-16(10-29-22)31-17-12-33(13-17)8-2-7-25/h3-6,10-11,15,17,23,31H,2,7-9,12-14H2,1H3,(H,30,32)/t15-,23+/m1/s1; Key:WDHOIABIERMLGY-CMJOXMDJSA-N;

Last updated September 11, 2024

Camizestrant is an investigational new drug that is being evaluated to treat breast cancer.^[1] It is an estrogen receptor alpha antagonist and a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD).^[2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selective estrogen receptor modulator</span> Drugs acting on the estrogen receptor

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (ERAAs), are a class of drugs that act on estrogen receptors (ERs). Compared to pure ER agonists-antagonists, SERMs are more tissue-specific, allowing them to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.

Fulvestrant, sold under the brand name Faslodex among others, is an antiestrogenic medication used to treat hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression as well as HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer in combination with abemaciclib or palbociclib in women with disease progression after endocrine therapy. It is given by injection into a muscle.

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells. They are receptors that are activated by the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol). Two classes of ER exist: nuclear estrogen receptors, which are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular receptors, and membrane estrogen receptors (mERs), which are mostly G protein-coupled receptors. This article refers to the former (ER).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bazedoxifene</span> Chemical compound

Bazedoxifene, used as bazedoxifene acetate, is a medication for bone problems and possibly for cancer. It is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Since late 2013 it has had U.S. FDA approval for bazedoxifene as part of the combination drug Duavee in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is also being studied for possible treatment of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) also known as NR3A2 is one of two main types of estrogen receptor—a nuclear receptor which is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans ERβ is encoded by the ESR2 gene.

Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production. Antiestrogens are one of three types of sex hormone antagonists, the others being antiandrogens and antiprogestogens. Antiestrogens are commonly used to stop steroid hormones, estrogen, from binding to the estrogen receptors leading to the decrease of estrogen levels. Decreased levels of estrogen can lead to complications in sexual development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Afimoxifene</span> Chemical compound

Afimoxifene, also known as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and by its tentative brand name TamoGel, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group and an active metabolite of tamoxifen. The drug is under development under the tentative brand name TamoGel as a topical gel for the treatment of hyperplasia of the breast. It has completed a phase II clinical trial for cyclical mastalgia, but further studies are required before afimoxifene can be approved for this indication and marketed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arzoxifene</span> Chemical compound

Arzoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the benzothiophene group which was never marketed. It is a potent estrogen antagonist in mammary and uterine tissue while acting as an estrogen agonist to maintain bone density and lower serum cholesterol. Arzoxifene is a highly effective agent for prevention of mammary cancer induced in the rat by the carcinogen nitrosomethylurea and is significantly more potent than raloxifene in this regard. Arzoxifene is devoid of the uterotrophic effects of tamoxifen, suggesting that, in contrast to tamoxifen, it is unlikely that the clinical use of arzoxifene will increase the risk of developing endometrial carcinoma.

A selective estrogen receptor degrader or downregulator (SERD) is a type of drug that selectively binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces its degradation, and thus causes its downregulation. SERDs are used in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, particularly in cases where tumors have developed resistance to other forms of endocrine therapy, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methylpiperidinopyrazole</span> Chemical compound

Methylpiperidinopyrazole (MPP) is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, and highly selective antagonist of ERα that is used in scientific research to study the function of this receptor. It has 200-fold selectivity for ERα over ERβ and 1000-fold selectivity for blocking ERα-mediated gene transcription relative to that of ERβ.

PHTPP is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, and highly selective antagonist of ERβ that is used in scientific research to study the function of this receptor. It possesses 36-fold selectivity for ERβ over ERα, and is a silent antagonist of ERβ.

(<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-Tetrahydrochrysene Chemical compound

(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene ((R,R)-THC) is a drug used to study the estrogen receptors (ERs) in scientific research. It is an ERβ antagonist and an ERα agonist with 10-fold higher affinity for ERβ relative to ERα. (R,R)-THC is a silent antagonist of ERβ, and, uniquely relative to other known ERβ antagonists, a passive antagonist of the receptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brilanestrant</span> Discontinued oral cancer remedy

Brilanestrant (INN) is a nonsteroidal combined selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that was discovered by Aragon Pharmaceuticals and was under development by Genentech for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elacestrant</span> Chemical compound

Elacestrant, sold under the brand name Orserdu, is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) used in the treatment of breast cancer. It is taken by mouth.

(<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-Tetrahydrochrysene Chemical compound

(S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene ((S,S)-THC) is a steroid-like nonsteroidal estrogen and agonist of both the estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. It is an enantiomer of (R,R)-tetrahydrochrysene ((R,R)-THC), which, in contrast, is an ERβ silent antagonist and ERα agonist with 10-fold selectivity (i.e., affinity) for the ERβ over the ERα and with 20-fold greater affinity for the ERβ relative to that of (S,S)-THC.

ERA-45 is a synthetic estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERα. It shows 286-fold selectivity for transactivation of the ERα over the ERβ, with EC₅₀ values of 0.37 nM for the ERα (7-fold weaker than estradiol) and 13 nM for the ERβ (20,000-fold weaker than estradiol). However, another found only about 35-fold potency for transactivation of the ERα over the ERβ. The drug has no antagonistic activity at either receptor. ERA-45 induced prostate cancer development in preclinical models when it was given in combination with testosterone, whereas testosterone alone did not do so. In contrast, the selective ERβ agonist ERB-26 was protective against the development of prostate cancer produced by these two drugs. These findings suggest opposing roles of the ERα and ERβ in the prostate gland. The chemical structure of ERa-45 does not appear to have been disclosed.

ZB716, also known as fulvestrant-3-boronic acid, is a synthetic, steroidal, orally active antiestrogen which is under development for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer. The drug is a silent antagonist of the ERα (IC₅₀ = 4.1 nM) as well as a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD). It is an analogue and prodrug of fulvestrant in which the C3 hydroxyl group has been replaced with a boronic acid moiety. In accordance, the two drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties. However, whereas fulvestrant is not orally active and must be administered via intramuscular injection, ZB716 is less susceptible to first-pass metabolism, and in relation to this, is orally active.

A sex-hormonal agent, also known as a sex-hormone receptor modulator, is a type of hormonal agent which specifically modulates the effects of sex hormones and of their biological targets, the sex hormone receptors. The sex hormones include androgens such as testosterone, estrogens such as estradiol, and progestogens such as progesterone. Sex-hormonal agents may be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in chemical structure and may serve to either enhance, inhibit, or have mixed effects on the function of the sex hormone systems.

A receptor degrader binds to a receptor and induces its breakdown, causing down-regulation of signaling of that receptor. It is distinct from the mechanism of action of receptor antagonists and inverse agonists, which reduce receptor signaling but do not cause receptor breakdown. Examples include selective estrogen receptor degraders and androgen receptor degraders, both developed for hormone-sensitive cancers.

References

↑ "Camizestrant - AstraZeneca". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
↑ Scott JS, Moss TA, Balazs A, Barlaam B, Breed J, Carbajo RJ, et al. (December 2020). "Discovery of AZD9833, a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader and Antagonist". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 63 (23): 14530–14559. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01163. PMID 32910656.

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[1] "Camizestrant - AstraZeneca". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

[Scott_2020-2] Scott JS, Moss TA, Balazs A, Barlaam B, Breed J, Carbajo RJ, et al. (December 2020). "Discovery of AZD9833, a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader and Antagonist". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 63 (23): 14530–14559. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01163. PMID 32910656.

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