Carboxylesterase 2

CES2
Identifiers
Aliases	CES2 , CE-2, CES2A1, PCE-2, iCE, Carboxylesterase 2, CES-2
External IDs	OMIM: 605278 MGI: 3648740 HomoloGene: 128645 GeneCards: CES2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	66,945,096 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (mouse)
End	105,747,810 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	jejunal mucosa; ; duodenum; ; rectum; ; right lobe of liver; ; kidney tubule; ; pancreatic ductal cell; ; right ventricle; ; body of tongue; ; cavity of mouth; ; glomerulus;
	Top expressed in
	proximal tubule; ; kidney; ; duodenum; ; jejunum; ; liver; ; colon; ; testicle; ; islet of Langerhans;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity ; hydrolase activity ; carboxylic ester hydrolase activity ; methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity ;
Cellular component	endoplasmic reticulum lumen ; endoplasmic reticulum ; extracellular space ;
Biological process	xenobiotic metabolic process ; catabolic process ; prostaglandin metabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8824
	436059
	ENSG00000172831
	ENSMUSG00000091813
	O00748
	F6Z9B9
NM_003869 ; NM_198061 ; NM_001365405 ; NM_001365406 ; NM_001365407 ;
	NM_001365408
	NM_001272045
NP_003860 ; NP_932327 ; NP_001352334 ; NP_001352335 ; NP_001352336 ;
	NP_001352337
	NP_001258974
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated July 06, 2023

Carboxylesterase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7] It is a member of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family.^[8]

Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood–brain barrier system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.^[7]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit]]

Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit

↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Irinotecan Pathway edit]]

Irinotecan Pathway edit

↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "IrinotecanPathway_WP229".

Related Research Articles

Liver carboxylesterase 1 also known as carboxylesterase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES1 gene. The protein is also historically known as serine esterase 1 (SES1), monocyte esterase and cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH). Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. The various protein products from isoform a, b and c range in size from 568, 567 and 566 amino acids long, respectively.

Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACOX1 gene.

NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 catalytic subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBA3 gene.

Alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase ALG9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALG9 gene.

Adenylyl cyclase type 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY9 gene.

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the USP1 gene.

Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBA5 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L15, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL15 gene.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2J1 gene.

Diphthine synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DPH5 gene.

Protein MON2 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MON2 gene.

Chondroitin sulfate synthase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHPF gene.

Peroxisomal NADH pyrophosphatase NUDT12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NUDT12 gene.

Dual specificity protein phosphatase 18 is an enzyme that is encoded by the DUSP18 gene in humans.

Carboxylesterase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES3 gene.

Metalloreductase STEAP2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STEAP2 gene.

CDK12 cyclin-dependent kinase 12 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the CDK12 gene. This enzyme is a member of cyclin-dependent kinase protein family.

Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase is an enzyme that is encoded by ALG1 whose structure and function has been conserved from lower to higher organisms.

CYP4X1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CYP4X1 gene.

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT1A9 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172831 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000091813 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL, Brzezinski MR, Zhang J, Dean RA, Bosron WF (June 1997). "Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (23): 14769–14775. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769 . PMID 9169443.
↑ Schwer H, Langmann T, Daig R, Becker A, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G (April 1997). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 233 (1): 117–120. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413. PMID 9144407.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: CES2 carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)".
↑ Imai T (June 2006). "Human carboxylesterase isozymes: catalytic properties and rational drug design". Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 21 (3): 173–185. doi:10.2133/dmpk.21.173. PMID 16858120.

Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Yan B, Matoney L, Yang D (September 1999). "Human carboxylesterases in term placentae: enzymatic characterization, molecular cloning and evidence for the existence of multiple forms". Placenta. 20 (7): 599–607. doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0407. PMID 10452915.
Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (November 2000). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research. 10 (11): 1788–1795. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948 . PMID 11076863.
Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, et al. (March 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Research. 11 (3): 422–435. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072 . PMID 11230166.
Chagnon P, Michaud J, Mitchell G, Mercier J, Marion JF, Drouin E, et al. (December 2002). "A missense mutation (R565W) in cirhin (FLJ14728) in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis". American Journal of Human Genetics. 71 (6): 1443–1449. doi:10.1086/344580. PMC 378590 . PMID 12417987.
Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, Kawauchi S, Higuchi S, Ogawa C, Nakamura Y (2003). "Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 ( CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population". Journal of Human Genetics. 48 (5): 249–270. doi: 10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7 . PMID 12721789.
Wu MH, Chen P, Remo BF, Cook EH, Das S, Dolan ME (July 2003). "Characterization of multiple promoters in the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 13 (7): 425–435. doi:10.1097/00008571-200307000-00008. PMID 12835618.
Marsh S, Xiao M, Yu J, Ahluwalia R, Minton M, Freimuth RR, et al. (October 2004). "Pharmacogenomic assessment of carboxylesterases 1 and 2". Genomics. 84 (4): 661–668. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.07.008. PMID 15475243.
Wu MH, Chen P, Wu X, Liu W, Strom S, Das S, et al. (September 2004). "Determination and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (9): 595–605. doi:10.1097/00008571-200409000-00004. PMID 15475733.
Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, et al. (October 2004). "From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline". Genome Research. 14 (10B): 2136–2144. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930 . PMID 15489336.
Charasson V, Bellott R, Meynard D, Longy M, Gorry P, Robert J (December 2004). "Pharmacogenetics of human carboxylesterase 2, an enzyme involved in the activation of irinotecan into SN-38". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 76 (6): 528–535. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.08.007. PMID 15592324. S2CID 23999721.
Kim SR, Nakamura T, Saito Y, Sai K, Nakajima T, Saito H, et al. (2005). "Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2)". Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 18 (5): 327–332. doi:10.2133/dmpk.18.327. PMID 15618752.
Fox CA, Sapinoso LM, Zhang H, Zhang W, McLeod HL, Petroni GR, et al. (April 2005). "Altered expression of TFF-1 and CES-2 in Barrett's Esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas". Neoplasia. 7 (4): 407–416. doi:10.1593/neo.04715. PMC 1501154 . PMID 15967118.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, et al. (January 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129 . PMID 16344560.
Wang D, Zou L, Jin Q, Hou J, Ge G, Yang L (September 2018). "Human carboxylesterases: a comprehensive review". Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 8 (5): 699–712. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.005. PMC 6146386 . PMID 30245959.
"Tissue expression of CES2 - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.

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[WikiPathways-9] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

[WikiPathways-10] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "IrinotecanPathway_WP229".

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172831 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000091813 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9169443-5] Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL, Brzezinski MR, Zhang J, Dean RA, Bosron WF (June 1997). "Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (23): 14769–14775. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769 . PMID 9169443.

[pmid9144407-6] Schwer H, Langmann T, Daig R, Becker A, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G (April 1997). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 233 (1): 117–120. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413. PMID 9144407.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: CES2 carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)".

[pmid16858120-8] Imai T (June 2006). "Human carboxylesterase isozymes: catalytic properties and rational drug design". Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 21 (3): 173–185. doi:10.2133/dmpk.21.173. PMID 16858120.

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Carboxylesterase 2

Contents

Interactive pathway map

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading