Catherine Read (or Katherine; 3 February 1723 - 15 December 1778) was a Scottish artist. Born in the early 18th century, she is most known for her work as a portrait-painter. She was for some years a fashionable artist in London, working in oils, crayons, and miniature. From 1760 she exhibited almost annually with either the Incorporated Society of Artists, the Free Society of Artist, or the Royal Academy, sending chiefly portraits of ladies and children of the aristocracy, which she painted with much grace and refinement.[1]
When the war ended at the Battle of Culloden and with family friends fleeing to France, Read’s family was prompted to follow suit for their association and support of the Jacobite cause through her uncle. Through their connections of the gentry, they were given sanctuary in Paris that same year and introduced to the painter Robert Strange, who is speculated to be Read’s teacher and introduction into the French artistic sphere. There she studied other works of art and improved her skills with little hindrance or instruction; it would have been hard for her to have been accepted into an academy class as a woman, let alone a foreigner whose family had a price on their heads for aiding and supporting a cause against the King of Great Britain and Ireland, but from the late 1740s, she spent time in the studios of the pastellist Maurice Quentin de la Tour and Louis Blanchet.[5]
This period was not to last, however, as she fled to Rome in 1750 along with a majority of the Jacobites that had sought refuge in Paris. While there, she became friends with members of the Roman Catholic Church, often commissioned to recreate master paintings in oil or pastel for those in high clerical positions. One of these faithful patrons, Cardinal Albani, allowed Read to copy some of the portraits he owned by Rosalba Carriera, which ultimately led the man to sit for her himself.
She remained in Rome until deciding to venture to England in 1753, with the blessing of Albani - who managed to help her keep face regardless of her family’s past alignment in the war. This era was filled with a healthy stream of patronage and commissions. She attracted a distinguished circle of clients, including Queen Charlotte. At the height of her career, her work was widely engraved, bringing her important artistic endorsement and commercial success.[5] Read communicated with and submitted samples to the Society of Arts for their collection and approval of fixing pastels. However, her methods, when compared to those of Sebastien Jurine,[6] were considered inferior as she used a different type of pastel than he.
In 1764, Read was on the road back to Paris for commissioned portraits of Madame Elisabeth through the Dauphin. Her work was shown by the Free Society (1761-1768) and the Society of Artists (1760-1772), of which she became an honorary member in 1769 along with the two other female pastel artists, Mary Benwell and Mary Black, in response to the Royal Academy accepting Angelica Kauffman and Mary Moser into their respective fold. Later, after a failed petition to the king, Read left to join the Royal Academy and was expelled from the Society as consequence.
New pastel artists rose into the public’s view and Read no longer commanded such a following.
In 1771, she went to India to paint the portraits of the English officers living there.[7] She was accompanied by her niece, Helena Beatson, a clever young artist, who there married, in 1777, (Sir) Charles Oakeley, baronet, later governor of Madras.[1] She is reported as being in that country in 1775 and 1777, and as dying at sea near Madras.[2] Her death is recorded as 15 December 1778.[1]
On resuming her practice, Read settled in Welbeck Street. Many of her portraits were well engraved by Valentine Green and James Watson, and a pair of plates, by J. Finlayson, of the celebrated Gunning sisters, the Duchess of Argyll and the Countess of Coventry, remained popular.[8]
Seth, Catriona, "Le parcours singulier de Katherine Read", Femmes artistes à l’âge classique. Arts du dessin – peinture, sculpture, gravure, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2021, pp.91–113.
John Russell was an English painter renowned for his portrait work in oils and pastels, and as a writer and teacher of painting techniques.
Francis Cotes was an English portrait painter, one of the pioneers of English pastel painting, and a founding member of the Royal Academy in 1768.
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