Chahamanas of Jalor | |
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c. 1160 CE–1311 CE | |
![]() Find spots of inscriptions issued during the reigns of Chahamana rulers of Jalor [1]
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Capital | Jalor |
Religion | Hinduism |
Government | Monarchy |
History | |
• Established | c. 1160 CE |
• Disestablished | 1311 CE |
Today part of | India |
The Chahamanas of Jalor, also known as the Chauhans of Jalor in vernacular legends, were an Indian dynasty that ruled the area around Jalore in present-day Rajasthan between 1160 and 1311. They belonged to the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan of the Rajputs [1] [2]
They branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula, and then ruled as feudatories of the Chaulukyas of Gujarat. For a brief period, they became independent, but ultimately succumbed to the Delhi Sultanate at the Siege of Jalore.
The Chahamanas of Jalor descended from Alhana, a Chahamana king of the Naddula branch. Originally, the Jalore Fort was controlled by a branch of the Paramaras until early 12th century. The Chahamanas of Naddula seized its control during Alhana's reign. Kirtipala, a son of Alhana, received a feudal grant of 12 villages from his father and his brother (the crown-prince) Kelhana. He controlled his domains from Suvarnagiri or Sonagiri, the hill on which Jalore Fort is located. Because of this, the branch to which he belonged came to be known as Sonagara. [3]
Kirtipala carved out an independent kingdom for himself before his death. He was a Hindu, but also patronized Jains. [4] The family of his son and successor Samarasimha built several temples and other buildings. [5] His son Udayasimha succeeded him, while another of his sons, Manavasimha was the ancestor of the Chauhan branch of Chandravati and Mount Abu. [6] The ruling family of the Sirohi State descended from Manavasimha. [7]
The Jalor dynasty reached its zenith under Udayasimha. He captured Naddula (Nadol), probably from the Delhi Sultan Aram Shah, who had earlier defeated the Chahamanas of Naddula. He also captured Mandavyapura (Mandor), but the Delhi Sultanate conquered it in 1226, under Iltumish. In addition, he conquered Vagbhatameru (Barmer), which was probably a principality ruled by a Paramara branch. [8] He also conquered several other territories that were previously controlled by the Chaulukyas of Gujarat (Solankis). The Chaulukyas were fighting the Yadavas of Devagiri on their southern frontier. Taking advantage of this, Udayasimha formed a confederacy with the Guhilas of Mewar, the Paramaras of Chandravati and other rulers of Marwar. The confederacy attacked the Chaulukyas from north, following which the Chaulukya general Lavana-prasada was forced to sign a treaty with them. [9] Udayasimha also formed a confederacy against Iltumish, forcing the Delhi Sultan to retreat from Marwar. [10]
Udayasimha's son Chachigadeva retained the territories he inherited. Chachiga's son Samantasimha faced attack from the Delhi Sultanate, but was saved by his neighbour, the Vaghela king Saranagadeva. [10] Kanhadadeva, practically the last king of the dynasty, was defeated and killed by the forces of Alauddin Khalji. [11] According to the Kanhadade Prabandha , during this siege, Kanhadadeva's son Viramadeva was formally crowned King, but he died 2½ days later. [11] [12]
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows: [13]
Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later. [14]
Serial no. | Kings | Reign (CE) |
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1 | Kirti-pala | 1160–1182 |
2 | Samara-simha | 1182–1204 |
3 | Udaya-simha | 1204–1257 |
4 | Chachiga-deva | 1257–1282 |
5 | Samanta-simha | 1282–1305 |
6 | Kanhada-deva | 1292–1311 |
7 | Virama-deva | till 1311 |
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Chauhan, a name derived from the historical Chahamanas, a clan name associated with various ruling Rajput families in the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan from seventh century onwards.
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The Chaulukya dynasty, also Solanki dynasty, was a dynasty that ruled parts of what are now Gujarat and Rajasthan in north-western India, between c. 940 CE and c. 1244 CE. Their capital was located at Anahilavada. At times, their rule extended to the Malwa region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. The family is also known as the "Solanki dynasty" in the vernacular literature. They belonged to the Solanki clan of Rajputs.
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Alhana-deva was an Indian king belonging to the Naddula Chahamana dynasty. He ruled the area around Naddula, as a vassal of the Chaulukya king Kumarapala. During his reign, the Chahamanas of Shakambhari invaded Naddula, and Kumarapala replaced him with his own governors. Later, Kumarapala restored his rule in Naddula, as a result of his service in Chaulukya military campaigns.
Kelhana-deva was an Indian king belonging to the Naddula Chahamana dynasty. He ruled the area around Naddula, as a Chaulukya vassal. He participated in the 1178 CE Battle of Kasahrada, in which the Chaulukya forces defeated the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor.
Jayata-simha was an Indian king belonging to the Naddula Chahamana dynasty. He ruled the area around Naddula. He was probably defeated by the Ghurid general Qutb al-Din Aibak, and the Naddula kingdom disintegrated after his death.
Kirti-pala, also known as Kitu in vernacular legends, was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty of Javalipura. A member of the Naddula Chahamana family, he carved out a principality for himself with Jalore at its capital. He ruled parts of southern Rajasthan as a feudatory of the Chaulukyas, and participated in their successful battle against Muhammad of Ghor in 1178 CE. He also fought with other Chaulukya feudatories, including Asala of Kiratakupa and the Guhila chief Samantasimha.
Samara-simha was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty of Javalipura. He ruled the area around Jalore as a Chaulukya feudatory.
Udaya-simha was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty, who ruled the area around Javalipura. The most powerful king of his dynasty, he overthrew the Chaulukya suzerainty, and became a sovereign ruler. However, some years later, he faced an invasion from the Delhi Sultanate, and became a tributary to the Sultan Iltutmish.
Chachiga-deva was a king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty, who ruled the area around Javalipura. He maintained the borders of his ancestral kingdom intact, and achieved military successes against some neighbouring princes. He is most notable for issuing the Sundha Hill prashasti inscription, which provides historically valuable information about his ancestors.
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In 1311 Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji dispatched an army to capture the Jalore Fort in present-day Rajasthan, India. Jalore was ruled by the Chahamana ruler Kanhadadeva, whose armies had earlier fought several skirmishes with the Delhi forces, especially since Alauddin's conquest of the neighboring Siwana fort.
This is curious statement for the Chahmanas who were known to be one of the eminent Rajput family of early medieval period