Charles Jahleel Woodbridge (1902 - 1995) was an American Presbyterian missionary, minister, seminary professor, founding member of the National Association of Evangelicals, and author of The New Evangelicalism.
Woodbridge was born in Chinkiang, China on January 24, 1902, to Presbyterian missionaries Samuel Isett and Jeanie Wilson (Woodrow) Woodbridge, Sr. His father traced his ancestors to John Woodbridge, a Lollard preacher in 15th century England; his mother was a first cousin to US President Woodrow Wilson. [1] He earned degrees at Princeton University, Princeton Theological Seminary, and Duke University, and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1927. [2] He was married on March 4, 1930 to Ruth Eyman Dunning, [1] and had four children.
Woodbridge served as pastor at First Presbyterian Church in Flushing, New York for several years before following the call to become a missionary to French Cameroons in 1932. Just a few years later, he was appointed by one of his seminary mentors, John Gresham Machen, to serve as secretary general for the newly formed Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions. Both he and Machen were later censured by the Presbyterian Church because of their defense of orthodoxy against liberal and modernist theology. [2] In 1937, Woodbridge became pastor at First Presbyterian Church of Salisbury, North Carolina, and in 1945 became pastor of Independent Presbyterian Church in Savannah, Georgia. [1] In 1947, he was one of the original prospects recruited for the newly founded Fuller Theological Seminary, and though he initially declined the offer, in 1950 he finally joined the faculty. [3] During the summers, he also served as a Bible teacher for Word of Life Fellowship in Schroon Lake. [2] In 1952, he served as president of the Evangelical Theological Society. In 1957, Woodbridge resigned his position at Fuller due to his conviction that the seminary was leaving Fundamentalism for the New Evangelicalism. [3] Woodbridge remained a staunch separatist and was critical of movements such as Billy Graham's preaching campaigns, [4] and Campus Crusade's Four Spiritual Laws. [5]
Woodbridge died on July 16, 1995. He had been living in Bellingham, Whatcom County, Washington. [6]
Christian fundamentalism, also known as fundamental Christianity or fundamentalist Christianity, is a movement emphasizing biblical literalism. In its modern form, it began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries among British and American Protestants as a reaction to theological liberalism and cultural modernism. Fundamentalists argued that 19th-century modernist theologians had misinterpreted or rejected certain doctrines, especially biblical inerrancy, which they considered the fundamentals of the Christian faith.
Westminster Theological Seminary is a theological seminary in the Reformed theological tradition in Glenside, Pennsylvania. It was founded by members of the faculty of Princeton Theological Seminary in 1929 after Princeton chose to take a liberal direction during the Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy.
Charles Hodge was a Presbyterian theologian and principal of Princeton Theological Seminary between 1851 and 1878.
Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield was professor of theology at Princeton Seminary from 1887 to 1921. He served as the last principal of the Princeton Theological Seminary from 1886 to 1902. After the death of Warfield in office, Francis Landey Patton took over the functions of the office as the first president of seminary. Some conservative Presbyterians consider him to be the last of the great Princeton theologians before the split in 1929 that formed Westminster Theological Seminary and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church.
John Gresham Machen was an American Presbyterian New Testament scholar and educator in the early 20th century. He was the Professor of New Testament at Princeton Seminary between 1906 and 1929, and led a conservative revolt against modernist theology at Princeton and formed Westminster Theological Seminary as a more orthodox alternative. As the Northern Presbyterian Church continued to reject conservative attempts to enforce faithfulness to the Westminster Confession, Machen led a small group of conservatives out of the church to form the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. When the northern Presbyterian church (PCUSA) rejected his arguments during the mid-1920s and decided to reorganize Princeton Seminary to create a liberal school, Machen took the lead in founding Westminster Seminary in Philadelphia (1929) where he taught New Testament until his death. His continued opposition during the 1930s to liberalism in his denomination's foreign missions agencies led to the creation of a new organization, the Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions (1933). The trial, conviction and suspension from the ministry of Independent Board members, including Machen, in 1935 and 1936 provided the rationale for the formation in 1936 of the OPC.
The Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) is a confessional Presbyterian denomination located primarily in the northern United States. It was founded by conservative members of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) who strongly objected to the Modernist theology during the 1930s. It has had an influence on evangelicalism far beyond its size.
Princeton Theological Seminary (PTSem), officially The Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, is a private school of theology in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1812 under the auspices of Archibald Alexander, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the College of New Jersey, it is the second-oldest seminary in the United States. It is also the largest of ten seminaries associated with the Presbyterian Church.
The Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) was the first national Presbyterian denomination in the United States, existing from 1789 to 1958. In that year, the PCUSA merged with the United Presbyterian Church of North America, a denomination with roots in the Seceder and Covenanter traditions of Presbyterianism. The new church was named the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. It was a predecessor to the contemporary Presbyterian Church (USA).
The Princeton theology was a tradition of conservative Reformed and Presbyterian theology at Princeton Theological Seminary lasting from the founding of that institution in 1812 until the 1920s, after which, due to the increasing influence of theological liberalism at the school, the last Princeton theologians left to found Westminster Theological Seminary. The appellation has special reference to certain theologians, from Archibald Alexander to B. B. Warfield, and their particular blend of teaching, which together with its Old School Presbyterian Calvinist orthodoxy sought to express a warm evangelicalism and a high standard of scholarship. W. Andrew Hoffecker argues that they strove to "maintain a balance between the intellectual and affective elements in the Christian faith."
Harold John Ockenga was a leading figure of mid-20th-century American Evangelicalism, part of the reform movement known as "Neo-Evangelicalism". A Congregational minister, Ockenga served for many years as pastor of Park Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts. He was also a prolific author on biblical, theological, and devotional topics. Ockenga helped to found the Fuller Theological Seminary and Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, as well as the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE).
Charles Edward Fuller was an American Baptist minister and a radio evangelist.
The Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy is a major schism that originated in the 1920s and '30s within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. At issue were foundational disputes about the role of Christianity, the authority of Scripture, the death, Resurrection, and atoning sacrifice of Jesus. Two broad factions within Protestantism emerged: Fundamentalists, who insisted upon the timeless validity of each doctrine of Christian orthodoxy, and Modernists, who advocated a conscious adaptation of religion in response to the new scientific discoveries and the moral pressures of the age. At first, the schism was limited to Reformed Protestantism (Calvinism) and centered about the Princeton Theological Seminary which has split into Westminster Theological Seminary, but it soon spread, affecting nearly every Protestant denomination in the United States. Denominations that were not initially affected, such as the Lutheran Church, eventually were embroiled in the controversy, leading to a schism in the Lutheran Church.
Clarence Edward Noble McCartney was a prominent conservative Presbyterian pastor and author. With J. Gresham Machen, he was one of the main leaders of the conservatives during the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.
Carl Curtis McIntire, Jr., known as Carl McIntire, was a founder and minister in the Bible Presbyterian Church, founder and long-time president of the International Council of Christian Churches and the American Council of Christian Churches, and a popular religious radio broadcaster, who proudly identified himself as a fundamentalist.
James Oliver Buswell, Jr. was a fundamentalist Presbyterian educator and institution builder.
Rev. Samuel Isett Woodbridge, Sr. (1856–1926) was an American Presbyterian missionary to China. He authored several books on the experience, and also translated into English various works of Chinese literature.
Wilbur Moorehead Smith (1894–1976) was an American theologian and one of the founding members of Fuller Theological Seminary.
Everett Falconer Harrison was an American Theologian.