Chen Biao | |
---|---|
陳表 | |
Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) | |
In office c. 237 –? | |
Monarch | Sun Quan |
Commandant of Xin'an (新安都尉) | |
In office 234 –c. 237 | |
Monarch | Sun Quan |
Succeeded by | Zhuge Rong |
Commandant of the Central Flank (翼正都尉) | |
In office 229 [1] –? | |
Monarch | Sun Quan |
Zhongshuzi to the Crown Prince (太子中庶子) | |
In office 221 [2] –? | |
Monarch | Sun Quan |
Personal details | |
Born | c.204 |
Died | c.237 |
Children | Chen Ao |
Parents |
|
Occupation | Official,general |
Courtesy name | Wen'ao (文奧) |
Peerage | Marquis of a Chief District (都鄉侯) |
Chen Biao (c.204 - c.237 [lower-alpha 1] ),courtesy name Wen'ao,was an official and military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Chen Biao was a son of Chen Wu,a general who served under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He was born to Chen Wu's concubine and was a younger half-brother of Chen Xiu (陳脩),who was born to Chen Wu's official spouse. [4] Chen Wu was killed in action in 215 at the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford, [5] while Chen Xiu died in 229, [6] shortly after Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor and established the state of Eastern Wu.
Chen Biao was already famous in his youth. He was selected to be an aide to the crown prince Sun Deng (Sun Quan's eldest son),together with Zhuge Ke,Gu Tan and Zhang Xiu. Chen Biao was a close friend of Ji Yan,a Master of Writing (尚書). When Ji Yan was accused of negligence in his duties,the other officials shunned him for fear of being implicated,but Chen Biao spoke up for Ji Yan and earned the respect of many ministers. Chen Biao was later appointed as a zhongshuzi to the Crown Prince (太子中庶子) and a Commandant of the Central Flank (翼正都尉). [7]
Chen Biao requested to serve in the military just like his father before him,and was placed in command of 500 troops. He was eager to win the hearts of his soldiers so he treated them well and they were willing to die for him. Once,there was an incident of grand theft and the suspect was Shi Ming (施明),a soldier from the Wunan (無難) camp. Shi Ming had been arrested and interrogated,but he remained fierce,refused to reveal the truth,and even expressed his willingness to die. The Minister of Justice (廷尉) was unable to do anything to him. Sun Quan heard that Chen Biao understood a soldier's mentality well so he ordered Chen to take up Shi Ming's case. Chen Biao had Shi Ming released from his shackles and allowed him to take a bath and have a change of clothes,and treated him to a feast. Shi Ming was so touched by Chen Biao's generous treatment that he confessed to the crime and named his accomplices. Sun Quan was very surprised and impressed with Chen Biao,so he granted a special pardon to Shi Ming to protect Chen's reputation –because Chen would be labelled as a hypocrite if Shi were to be executed after confessing under Chen's kind treatment. Shi Ming's accomplices,on the other hand,were not so lucky as they were all executed. [8] Shi Ming mended his ways and gradually rose through the ranks to become a general in Eastern Wu. [9]
Chen Biao was later promoted to be the Right Commander (右部督) of the Wunan camp and he received the title of a Marquis of a Chief Village (都亭侯). However,he rejected the marquis title and requested to have it transferred to Chen Xiu's son,Chen Yan (陳延),but Sun Quan refused. [10]
In 234,Zhuge Ke was appointed as the Administrator (太守) of Danyang (丹楊) and was sent to suppress a revolt by the Shanyue tribes. Sun Quan appointed Chen Biao as the Commandant (都尉) of Xin'an County (新安縣;present-day Quzhou,Zhejiang) and ordered him to be Zhuge Ke's advisor. Earlier on,Sun Quan had granted 200 taxable households to Chen Biao's family in recognition of Chen Wu's contributions,and those families were all based in Xin'an County. Chen Biao saw that the men from those households were able-bodied and capable of serving in the military,so he requested permission from Sun Quan to recruit those men. Sun Quan asked him,"Your late father rendered meritorious service to the state,and the state has granted your family these taxable households to honour his contributions. Why do you not want them?" Chen Biao replied,"I pledged to eliminate all the enemies of the state and avenge my father. It is not my wish to have these men –who are capable of military service –as my slaves." He insisted on recruiting those men so Sun Quan agreed and praised him. Sun Quan then selected some households from other areas to replace those in Chen Biao's marquisate who had been conscripted. [11]
Throughout his three years in office,Chen Biao made developments in his jurisdiction and managed to recruit over 10,000 troops. At the time,Wu Ju (吳遽) had started a rebellion in Poyang [12] (鄱陽) and had conquered cities,causing much fear and panic in the surrounding counties. Chen Biao led his forces to suppress the revolt and succeeded in forcing Wu Ju to surrender. On Lu Xun's recommendation,Chen Biao was subsequently promoted to Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) and his marquis rank was increased from a village marquis to a district marquis. He moved to Zhangkeng (章阬) and garrisoned there. [13]
Chen Biao died at the age of 34 (by East Asian age reckoning) after Wu Ju's rebellion. He had dedicated all his family income to military expenses so his family was very poor when he died. The crown prince Sun Deng had a house built for Chen Biao's family. [14]
When Chen Biao's elder half-brother Chen Xiu died,Chen Biao's mother refused to submit to Chen Xiu's mother,who had a higher status in the family because she was Chen Wu's official spouse. Chen Biao told his mother,"It's unfortunate that my brother died early. Now,I'm the head of the family so I should pay respect to my stepmother. Mother,I hope you can accept my stepmother and maintain harmonious relations with her. If you can't,I'll leave and stay elsewhere." Chen Biao said so out of graciousness and filial piety. His mother agreed and got along well with his stepmother. [15]
When Chen Biao's son,Chen Ao (陳敖),reached the age of 16,he was commissioned as a Major of Separate Command (別部司馬) and placed in charge of 400 troops. After Chen Ao died,his cousin Chen Yan (陳延) inherited his military appointment. [16]
Zhou Tai, courtesy name Youping, was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under Sun Ce, Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor.
Chen Wu, courtesy name Zilie, was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He previously served under Sun Ce, Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor.
Zhuge Jin, courtesy name Ziyu, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Zhuge Jin started his career in the 200s as an official under the warlord Sun Quan, who later became the founding emperor of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. In 215, he served as Sun Quan's representative in a territorial dispute over southern Jing Province between Sun Quan and his ally, Liu Bei. In 219, he joined Sun Quan's general Lü Meng in an invasion of Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province after Sun Quan broke the Sun–Liu alliance. He was subsequently appointed as a general and commandery administrator. Before the Battle of Xiaoting of 221–222, Zhuge Jin attempted to dissuade Liu Bei from going to war with Sun Quan but was unsuccessful. The battle ultimately concluded with victory for Sun Quan's side; both sides made peace later and reestablished an alliance between the Eastern Wu and Shu Han states against their rival state, Cao Wei. From 222 until his death in 241, despite being rather incompetent in military affairs, Zhuge Jin served as one of Eastern Wu's top generals and participated in some battles against Cao Wei forces.
Jia Xu, courtesy name Wenhe, was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. He started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty as a minor official. In 189, when the warlord Dong Zhuo took control of the Han central government, he assigned Jia Xu to the unit led by Niu Fu, his son-in-law. In 192, after Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Lü Bu, Jia Xu advised Li Jue, Guo Si and Dong Zhuo's loyalists to fight back and seize control of the imperial capital, Chang'an, from a new central government headed by Lü Bu and Wang Yun. After Li Jue and the others defeated Lü Bu and occupied Chang'an, Jia Xu served under the central government led by them. During this time, he ensured the safety of the figurehead Han emperor, Emperor Xian, who was being held hostage by Li Jue. He also attempted to prevent internal conflict between Li Jue and Guo Si, but with limited success. After Emperor Xian escaped from Chang'an, Jia Xu left Li Jue and briefly joined the general Duan Wei before becoming a strategist of the warlord Zhang Xiu. While serving under Zhang Xiu, he advised his lord on how to counter invasions by the warlord Cao Cao, who had received Emperor Xian in 196 and taken control of the central government. In 200, during the Battle of Guandu between Cao Cao and his rival Yuan Shao, Jia Xu urged Zhang Xiu to reject Yuan Shao's offer to form an alliance and instead surrender to Cao Cao. Zhang Xiu heeded his advice. Jia Xu then became one of Cao Cao's strategists.
Sun He, courtesy name Zixiao, was an imperial prince of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the third son of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of Wu. In 242, he became the crown prince after the death of his brother Sun Deng, the eldest son and first heir apparent of Sun Quan. In the 240s, a power struggle broke out between Sun He and his fourth brother, Sun Ba, over the succession to their father's throne. The conflict ended in 250 when Sun Quan forced Sun Ba to commit suicide, deposed Sun He and replaced him with Sun Liang. In 253, during Sun Liang's reign, the regent Sun Jun reduced Sun He to commoner status and forced him to commit suicide. In 264, one of Sun He's sons, Sun Hao, became the fourth emperor of Eastern Wu. After his coronation, Sun Hao honoured his father with the posthumous title Emperor Wen.
Luo Tong (193–228), courtesy name Gongxu, was an official serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China.
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This article contains the family trees of members of the Sun clan, who ruled the state of Eastern Wu (229–280), in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), in China.
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Shi Ji, also known as Zhu Ji, courtesy name Gongxu, was a Chinese military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the son of Zhu Ran, a general who served under Wu's founding emperor Sun Quan.
Gu Cheng, courtesy name Zizhi, was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Puyang Xing, courtesy name Ziyuan, was a Chinese politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the eighth Imperial Chancellor of Eastern Wu.
Lu Yin, courtesy name Jingzong, was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the younger brother of Lu Kai and a relative of Lu Xun, who respectively served as the eighth and third Imperial Chancellors of Eastern Wu.
Hu Zong (183–243), courtesy name Weize, was a government official, writer, poet and military general of the state of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period of China.