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Zhou Yu (175–210),courtesy name Gongjin,was a Chinese military general and strategist serving under the warlord Sun Ce in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. After Sun Ce died in the year 200,he continued serving under Sun Quan,Sun Ce's younger brother and successor. Zhou Yu is primarily known for his leading role in defeating the numerically superior forces of the northern warlord Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs in late 208,and again at the Battle of Jiangling in 209. Zhou Yu's victories served as the bedrock of Sun Quan's regime,which in 222 became Eastern Wu,one of the Three Kingdoms. Zhou Yu did not live to see Sun Quan's enthronement,however,as he died at the age of 35 in 210 while preparing to invade Yi Province. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms,Zhou Yu was described as a strong man with beautiful appearance. He was also referred to as "Master Zhou". However,his popular moniker "Zhou the Beautiful Youth" does not appear in either the Records or the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Some Japanese literary scholars such as Yoshikawa Eiji and Koide Fumihiko believe that this was a later invention by Japanese storytellers.
Zhuge Jin,courtesy name Ziyu,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty,Zhuge Jin started his career in the 200s as an official under the warlord Sun Quan,who later became the founding emperor of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. In 215,he served as Sun Quan's representative in a territorial dispute over southern Jing Province between Sun Quan and his ally,Liu Bei. In 219,he joined Sun Quan's general LüMeng in an invasion of Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province after Sun Quan broke the Sun–Liu alliance. He was subsequently appointed as a general and commandery administrator. Before the Battle of Xiaoting of 221–222,Zhuge Jin attempted to dissuade Liu Bei from going to war with Sun Quan but was unsuccessful. The battle ultimately concluded with victory for Sun Quan's side;both sides made peace later and reestablished an alliance between the Eastern Wu and Shu Han states against their rival state,Cao Wei. From 222 until his death in 241,despite being rather incompetent in military affairs,Zhuge Jin served as one of Eastern Wu's top generals and participated in some battles against Cao Wei forces.
Sun He,courtesy name Zixiao,was an imperial prince of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the third son of Sun Quan,the founding emperor of Wu. In 242,he became the crown prince after the death of his brother Sun Deng,the eldest son and first heir apparent of Sun Quan. In the 240s,a power struggle broke out between Sun He and his fourth brother,Sun Ba,over the succession to their father's throne. The conflict ended in 250 when Sun Quan forced Sun Ba to commit suicide,deposed Sun He and replaced him with Sun Liang. In 253,during Sun Liang's reign,the regent Sun Jun reduced Sun He to commoner status and forced him to commit suicide. In 264,one of Sun He's sons,Sun Hao,became the fourth emperor of Eastern Wu. After his coronation,Sun Hao honoured his father with the posthumous title Emperor Wen.
LüDai,courtesy name Dinggong,was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty,LüDai started his career as a minor official in his home commandery in present-day Taizhou,Jiangsu before migrating south to the Jiangdong region,where he became an assistant magistrate and later a county chief under the warlord Sun Quan. He rose to prominence after his successes in suppressing some rebellions in Sun Quan's territories. Around the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period,Sun Quan,who later became the founding emperor of Eastern Wu,appointed LüDai as the governor of the restive Jiao Province in the south. During his ten-year-long tenure in Jiao Province,LüDai quelled a number of revolts,maintained peace in the area,and contacted some foreign kingdoms in Mainland Southeast Asia and made them pay tribute to Eastern Wu. In 231,he was recalled to Wuchang to oversee civil and military affairs in Jing Province alongside his colleague Lu Xun. Throughout the 230s,he suppressed a few rebellions in Wu territories. By 240,as he neared the age of 80,he was still in good physical health and competent enough to perform his duties. He rose to the position of Senior General-in-Chief in 246 and later Grand Marshal in 252 during the reign of Sun Quan's successor Sun Liang. He died aged 95 and was one of the longest-living notable persons of the Three Kingdoms period.
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Pan Jun,courtesy name Chengming,was a minister and military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a minor official serving under the warlords Liu Biao and later Liu Bei in Jing Province,Pan Jun reluctantly switched allegiance to another warlord Sun Quan after Sun Quan seized control of Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province in 220. While serving under Sun Quan,Pan Jun held military commands and quelled a rebellion. After Sun Quan became emperor in 229,he appointed Pan Jun as Minister Steward and later Minister of Ceremonies. During this time,Pan Jun joined the general LüDai in suppressing a rebellion by indigenous tribes in his native Wuling Commandery. He also oversaw civil and military affairs in Wuchang alongside the general Lu Xun. In the 230s,he repeatedly spoke up against LüYi's abuses of power and even planned to assassinate him. Throughout his life,Pan Jun was known for being a man of bold character and an honest official who strictly and fairly upheld the law without fearing how others would see him.
Bu Zhi,courtesy name Zishan,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a scholar of humble background,he became a subordinate of the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty and gradually rose through the ranks. Between 210 and 220,he served as the governor of the remote and restive Jiao Province in southern China. During the Battle of Xiaoting/Yiling of 221–222,he quelled local uprisings in Sun Quan's territories in southern Jing Province and maintained peace in the area. After Sun Quan became emperor in 229,Bu Zhi oversaw the Wu armed forces guarding the Wu–Shu border at Xiling for about 20 years. During this time,he also gave advice to Sun Quan's first heir apparent,Sun Deng,and spoke up for officials affected by LüYi's abuses of power. In 246,he became the fourth Imperial Chancellor of Wu,but died in office in the following year.
Yin Li,also known as Yin Lu'er and Yin Lu,was a military officer who served under the warlords Zang Ba,LüBu and Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Later,he served as a military officer in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.
Lu Kang (126–195),courtesy name Jining,was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Zhang Wen (193–230),courtesy name Huishu,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
The Battle of Quebei was a military offensive launched in 241 by the state of Eastern Wu against its rival state,Cao Wei,during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The campaign was initiated by Wu's founding emperor,Sun Quan,two years after the death of the second Wei emperor,Cao Rui. The campaign ended with an overall failure. Despite its name,Quebei being the location where most of the fighting took place,the campaign was actually a two-front attack and covered a wide area in Anhui and Hubei.
Zhao Yan,courtesy name Boran,was a government official and military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Shi Ji,also known as Zhu Ji,courtesy name Gongxu,was a Chinese military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the son of Zhu Ran,a general who served under Wu's founding emperor Sun Quan.
Gu Shao,courtesy name Xiaoze,was an official serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Lu Yin,courtesy name Jingzong,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the younger brother of Lu Kai and a relative of Lu Xun,who respectively served as the eighth and third Imperial Chancellors of Eastern Wu.
Yang Xi,courtesy name Wenran,was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He is best known for writing the Ji Han Fuchen Zan,a collection of praises of notable persons who served in the Shu Han state. Chen Shou,the third-century historian who wrote the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi),extensively quoted and annotated Yang Xi's collection.
Yang Hong,courtesy name Jixiu,was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
References
- ↑ (三年夏，遣輔義中郎將張溫聘于蜀。) Sanguozhi vol. 47.
- ↑ (權幽之有司，下令曰：「 ... 又殷禮者，本占候召，而溫先後乞將到蜀，扇揚異國，為之譚論。又禮之還，當親本職，而令守尚書戶曹郎，如此署置，在溫而已。 ... 」) Sanguozhi vol. 57.
- ↑ (禮子基作通語曰：禮字德嗣，弱不好弄，潛識過人。少為郡吏，年十九，守吳縣丞。孫權為王，召除郎中。後與張溫俱使蜀，諸葛亮甚稱歎之。稍遷至零陵太守，卒官。) Tongyu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 52.
- ↑ (初，錢唐丁諝出於役伍，陽羨張秉生於庶民，烏程吳粲、雲陽殷禮起乎微賤，邵皆拔而友之，為立聲譽。 ... 諝至典軍中郎，秉雲陽太守，禮零陵太守， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 52.
- ↑ (文士傳曰：禮子基，無難督，以才學知名，著通語數十篇。有三子。巨字元大，有才器，初為吳偏將軍，統家部曲，城夏口，吳平後，為蒼梧太守。少子祐，字慶元，吳郡太守。) Tongyu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 52.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).