The Glass–Steagall legislation describes four provisions of the United States Banking Act of 1933 separating commercial and investment banking. The article 1933 Banking Act describes the entire law,including the legislative history of the provisions covered.
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions,justified by two main features of finance:systemic risk,which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations;and information asymmetry,which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services,particularly those that involve retail clients and/or Principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.
The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) is a government agency directly under the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is the main regulator of the securities industry in China.
The Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China is the constituent department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China which administers macroeconomic policies and the annual budget. It also handles fiscal policy,economic regulations and government expenditure for the state.
The foreign exchange market is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies. This market determines foreign exchange rates for every currency. It includes all aspects of buying,selling and exchanging currencies at current or determined prices. In terms of trading volume,it is by far the largest market in the world,followed by the credit market.
Banking regulation and supervision refers to a form of financial regulation which subjects banks to certain requirements,restrictions and guidelines,enforced by a financial regulatory authority generally referred to as banking supervisor,with semantic variations across jurisdictions. By and large,banking regulation and supervision aims at ensuring that banks are safe and sound and at fostering market transparency between banks and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business.
The Shanghai Stock Exchange is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai,China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in mainland China,the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's third largest stock market by market capitalization. It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange,the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and often affected by the decisions of the central government,due to capital account controls exercised by the Chinese mainland authorities.
Zhou Xiaochuan is a Chinese economist. Zhou served as the governor of the People's Bank of China from 2002 to 2018.
A financial centre or financial hub is a location with a significant concentration of participants in banking,asset management,insurance,and financial markets,with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries,institutional investors,and issuers. Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses,although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC),directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services,for example relating to mergers and acquisitions,public offerings,or corporate actions;or which participate in other areas of finance,such as private equity,hedge funds,and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies,as well as provision of related professional services,particularly legal advice and accounting services.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance:
The China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) was an agency of China authorized by the State Council to regulate the Chinese insurance products and services market and maintain legal and stable operations of insurance industry. It was founded on November 18,1998,upgraded from a semi-ministerial to a ministerial institution in 2003,and currently has 31 local offices in every province.
HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited was one of the first foreign banks to incorporate locally in mainland China in 2007. It is part of the worldwide HSBC Group and is wholly owned by Hong Kong-based HSBC.
The Financial Supervisory Commission is an independent government agency subordinate to the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is responsible for regulating securities markets,banking,and the insurance sector.
China's banking sector had CN¥319.7 trillion in assets at the end of 2020. The "big four/five" state-owned commercial banks are the Bank of China,the China Construction Bank,the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China,and the Agricultural Bank of China,all of which are among the largest banks in the world As of 2018. The Bank of Communications is sometimes included. Other notable big and also the largest banks in the world are China Merchants Bank and Ping An Bank.
Since the late-2000s,the People's Republic of China (PRC) has sought to internationalize its official currency,the Renminbi (RMB). RMB internationalization accelerated in 2009 when China established the dim sum bond market and expanded Cross-Border Trade RMB Settlement Pilot Project,which helps establish pools of offshore RMB liquidity. The RMB was the 8th-most-traded currency in the world in 2013 and the 7th-most-traded in early 2014. By the end of 2014,RMB ranked 5th as the most traded currency,according to SWIFT's report,at 2.2% of SWIFT payment behind JPY (2.7%),GBP (7.9%),EUR (28.3%) and USD (44.6%). In February 2015,RMB became the second most used currency for trade and services,and reached the ninth position in forex trading. The RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) quotas were also extended to five other countries —the UK,Singapore,France,Korea,Germany,and Canada,each with the quotas of ¥80 billion except Canada and Singapore (¥50bn). Previously,only Hong Kong was allowed,with a ¥270 billion quota.
Orient Securities Co.,Ltd. also known as DFZQ is a leading Chinese investment bank and brokerage firm. Headquartered in Shanghai,it has more than 8,000 employees and 179 offices and branches across 89 cities nationwide including Hong Kong,Beijing,Shenzhen and Guangzhou. As a full-service securities firm,it provides comprehensive and one-stop integrated financial services including investment banking,fixed income,equities,futures and derivatives trading,research,securities investment,asset management,wealth management,investment consulting and private equity.
China Securities Finance Corp.,Ltd. (CSF) is a Chinese state-owned financial services company founded in 2011. The company funded securities firm of China for their margin business as well as lending securities for short selling business.
Financial regulation in India is governed by a number of regulatory bodies. Financial regulation is a form of regulation or supervision,which subjects financial institutions to certain requirements,restrictions and guidelines,aiming to maintain the stability and integrity of the financial system. This may be handled by either a government or non-government organization. Financial regulation has also influenced the structure of banking sectors by increasing the variety of financial products available. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law,the other two being market practices and case law.
