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 China |  Honduras |
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The Republic of Honduras and the People's Republic of China (PRC) have maintained diplomatic relations since 2023. However, diplomatic relations with China date back to 1941 when the Republic of China (ROC) controlled the mainland; under the One China policy since 1949, Honduras maintained relations with the ROC on Taiwan for an additional 74 years until it shifted recognition to the PRC in 2023. [1] China has an embassy in Tegucigalpa. Honduras has an embassy in Beijing.
The Republic of Honduras and the Nationalist government of China based in Chongqing (Chungking) entered diplomatic relations on April 9, 1941, but continued after the Chinese government lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communists and decamped to Taiwan, formerly a Qing prefecture ceded to Japan from 1895 to 1945. [2] Relations with the two countries were upgraded to ambassadorial level on May 20, 1965. Honduras established an embassy in Taipei in June 1985 and sent a full-time ambassador.
On 1 January 2023, Honduran foreign minister Enrique Reina met with Chinese Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Xie Feng on the sidelines at the inauguration of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Brazil. The encounter sparked concerns by the Taiwan government that Beijing was persuading Honduras to switch to recognizing China over Taiwan. [3]
On 14 March, Honduran President Xiomara Castro announced that she had directed her foreign minister to begin the process of opening official relations with the People's Republic of China. [4] During her presidential campaign in the 2021 Honduran general election, Castro had referenced the possibility of Honduras cutting its relations with the Taiwan and beginning relations with the People's Republic of China, [5] although as recently as January 2022 she had stated a desire for Honduras to maintain ties with Taiwan. [4] The Chinese foreign ministry stated that it welcomed President Castro's announcement, noting China's position that "[o]n the basis of the One-China principle, China is willing to develop friendly and cooperative relations with Honduras and other countries in the world." [4]
On 26 March, Honduras formally broke ties with Taiwan and established ties with the PRC. [6] [7] According to Taiwan Foreign Minister Joseph Wu, Taiwan had ended its relations with Honduras to "safeguard its sovereignty and dignity." [8]
On 5 June, China officially inaugurated its embassy in Honduras [9] and it opened on 11 June. [10] During the embassy opening, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that China is willing to begin talks on a free trade agreement with Honduras "as soon as possible". [11]
According to the Central Bank of Honduras, Honduras's exports to China totaled $24.7 million in 2020. [12] In 2022, bilateral trade reached almost $1.589 billion.
In March 2023, Honduras announced that it was negotiating with China to build a hydroelectric dam, Patuca II. [13]
Foreign relations of the Republic of China (ROC), more commonly known as Taiwan, are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China, a cabinet-level ministry of the Government of the Republic of China. As of January 2024, the ROC has formal diplomatic relations with 11 of the 193 United Nations member states and with the Holy See, which governs the Vatican City State. In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations with 59 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates. In 2021, the Government of the Republic of China had the 33rd largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.
Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug-of-war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries in the Western Bloc recognized the ROC while the Eastern Bloc and Third World countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 11 UN member states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations, as well as 181 UN member states, Cook Islands, Niue and the State of Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.
Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento, also known as Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, is a Honduran politician who has served as the 39th president of Honduras since January 2022. She is the country's first female president, and served as first lady during the presidency of her husband Manuel Zelaya.
Oceania is, to the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, a stage for continuous diplomatic competition. The PRC dictates that no state can have diplomatic relations with both the PRC and the ROC. As of 2024, eleven states in Oceania have diplomatic relations with the PRC, and three have diplomatic relations with the ROC. These numbers fluctuate as Pacific Island nations re-evaluate their foreign policies, and occasionally shift diplomatic recognition between Beijing and Taipei. The issue of which "Chinese" government to recognize has become a central theme in the elections of numerous Pacific island nations, and has led to several votes of no-confidence.
Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 11 UN member states and Holy See with 59 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.
After the United States established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1979 and recognized Beijing as the only legal government of China, Taiwan–United States relations became unofficial and informal following terms of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA), which allows the United States to have relations with the Taiwanese people and their government, whose name is not specified. U.S.–Taiwan relations were further informally grounded in the Six Assurances in response to the third communiqué on the establishment of US–PRC relations. The Taiwan Travel Act, passed by the U.S. Congress on March 16, 2018, allows high-level U.S. officials to visit Taiwan and vice versa. Both sides have since signed a consular agreement formalizing their existent consular relations on September 13, 2019. The US government removed self-imposed restrictions on executive branch contacts with Taiwan on January 9, 2021.
The Republic of Paraguay and the Republic of China (Taiwan) established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1957.
Relations between the Holy See and the Republic of China were established on a non-diplomatic level in 1922 and at a diplomatic level in 1942. The Holy See, under the One-China policy, recognizes the Republic of China as the representative of China.
India and Republic of China (ROC) had formal diplomatic relations from 1942 to 1949. After severing diplomatic relations, the bilateral relations have improved since the 1990s, despite both countries not maintaining official diplomatic relations. India only recognises the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 1949. However, India's economic and commercial links as well as people-to-people contacts with Taiwan have expanded in recent years.
The Republic of Kiribati and the People's Republic of China (PRC) established diplomatic relations on June 25, 1980, and resumed on September 27, 2019. Between 2003 and 2019, The government of Kiribati recognized the Republic of China, and, in accordance with the "One China" policy, the People's Republic of China did not have diplomatic relations to the country.
Simon Ko or Ko Shen-yeaw is a Taiwanese politician. He previously served as the Deputy Foreign Minister of Taiwan from September 2012 to January 2016.
Burkina Faso–Taiwan relations referred to the historical relationship between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Burkina Faso. Taiwan had an embassy in Ouagadougou, and Burkina Faso had an embassy in Taipei. In May 2018, Burkina Faso switched to recognize the People's Republic of China, thus ending diplomatic ties with Taiwan. The last ambassador of Burkina Faso to Taiwan, appointed in August 2017, was Aminata Sana Congo.
Haiti–Taiwan relations or ROC–Haitian relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Republic of Haiti and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Haiti maintains an embassy in Taipei and Taiwan maintains an embassy in Port-au-Prince.
Eswatini–Taiwan relations refer to the international relations between the Kingdom of Eswatini and Republic of China (Taiwan). Eswatini maintains an embassy in Taipei, and Taiwan maintains an embassy in Mbabane.
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, does not have official diplomatic relations with Lithuania, since Lithuania does not officially recognize the Republic of China and maintains a One-China Policy whereby it views the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government representing China. Despite this, relations between Lithuania and Taiwan have grown closer in recent years. In 2021, Taiwan opened the "Taiwanese Representative Office in Lithuania". Lithuania opened a representative office in Taiwan in 2022. The strengthening of relations between Lithuania and Taiwan has been heavily opposed by the People's Republic of China (PRC), which doesn't recognize Taiwan's effective sovereignty. Notably, the PRC has downgraded its embassy in Lithuania to the status of a "chargé d'affaires" in protest. The PRC and Lithuania had previously maintained full diplomatic relations with one another since 1991.
Solomon Islands no longer has official diplomatic ties with Taiwan (ROC) due to the One-China policy since 2020.
Nauru–Taiwan relations are relations between the Republic of Nauru and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Official diplomatic relations were first established in 1980. Relations were first severed in 2003, when Nauru opted to recognize the People's Republic of China. Formal bilateral relations with Nauru were reestablished in 2005, and maintained until 2024.
Palau–Taiwan relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Palau and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Palau maintains an embassy in Taipei and Taiwan maintains an embassy in Koror City. Exchanges between the two nations range from agriculture, culture, education, fishery, medical services, tourism and water supply infrastructure. As of 12 November 2024, Palau is one of only 12 United Nations member states to have formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan.
The Embassy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in Honduras was the embassy of the Republic of China in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The two countries had established diplomatic relations in 1941. It ended in 2023 when Honduras shifted diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China. Honduras was one of the 14 countries that recognise the ROC.
Guatemala and the Republic of China established bilateral relations in 1933. Following the ROC's relocation to Taiwan, Guatemala has maintained diplomatic relations with the ROC rather than the mainland People's Republic of China. As of 2024, Guatemala is one of 11 nations to have formally recognize Taiwan.
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