Chlorophytina

Chlorophytina
	Composite image to illustrate the diversity of Chlorophytina. Top left: Ulva . Top right: Caulerpa . Bottom left: Bornetella . Bottom right: Dictyosphaeria .
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Chlorophyta
Subphylum:	Chlorophytina
Classes
	Chlorodendrophyceae Massjuk 2006; Chlorophyceae Wille ; Trebouxiophyceae Friedl 1995; Ulvophyceae K.R.Mattox & K.D.Stewart 1984; Pedinophyceae ;

Last updated September 30, 2025

Chlorophytina is a subphylum within Chlorophyta and includes five classes.^[2]^[3] It contains the more well-known green algae and is characterized by the presence of phycoplasts.

Taxonomy

Below is a consensus reconstruction of green algal relationships, mainly based on molecular data. Molecular phylogenies do not always agree on the position of species within Pedinophyceae.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Viridiplantae

Chlorophyta

Chlorophytina

	Ulvophyceae Mattox & Stewart 1984

	Chlorophyceae Christensen 1994

Trebouxiophyceae Friedl 1995

Chlorodendrophyceae Massjuk 2006

Pedinophyceae Moestrup 1991

Chloropicophyceae

	Picocystis

	Pycnococcaceae

Nephroselmidophyceae

	Mamiellophyceae Marin & Melkonian 2010

	Pyramimonadales

Streptophyta = Charophyta (incl. Embryophyta)

Prasinodermophyta

(green algae and land plants)

References

↑ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2018. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=142048 ; searched on 25 April 2018.
↑ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998-08-01). "A revised six-kingdom system of life". Biological Reviews. 73 (3): 203–266. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1998.tb00030.x. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 9809012. S2CID 6557779.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorophytina". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
↑ Leliaert, Frederik; Tronholm, Ana; Lemieux, Claude; Turmel, Monique; DePriest, Michael S.; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Karol, Kenneth G.; Fredericq, Suzanne; Zechman, Frederick W. (2016-05-09). "Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov". Scientific Reports. 6 25367. doi:10.1038/srep25367. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860620 . PMID 27157793.
↑ Marin, Birger (2012-09-01). "Nested in the Chlorellales or Independent Class? Phylogeny and Classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Nuclear and Plastid-encoded rRNA Operons" . Protist. 163 (5): 778–805. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.004. ISSN 1434-4610.
↑ Li L, Wang S, Wang H, Sahu SK, Marin B, Li H, Xu Y, Liang H, Li Z, Chen S, Reder T, Çebi Z, Wittek S, Petersen M, Melkonian B, Du H, Yang H, Wang J, Wong GK, Xu X, Liu X, van de Peer Y, Melkonian M (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. Bibcode:2020NatEE...4.1220L. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7 . PMC 7455551 . PMID 32572216.

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[AB-1] Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2018. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=142048 ; searched on 25 April 2018.

[2] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998-08-01). "A revised six-kingdom system of life". Biological Reviews. 73 (3): 203–266. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1998.tb00030.x. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 9809012. S2CID 6557779.

[3] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorophytina". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-09-30.

[:02-4] Leliaert, Frederik; Tronholm, Ana; Lemieux, Claude; Turmel, Monique; DePriest, Michael S.; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Karol, Kenneth G.; Fredericq, Suzanne; Zechman, Frederick W. (2016-05-09). "Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov". Scientific Reports. 6 25367. doi:10.1038/srep25367. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860620 . PMID 27157793.

[5] Marin, Birger (2012-09-01). "Nested in the Chlorellales or Independent Class? Phylogeny and Classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Nuclear and Plastid-encoded rRNA Operons" . Protist. 163 (5): 778–805. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.004. ISSN 1434-4610.

[Prasinodermophyta-6] Li L, Wang S, Wang H, Sahu SK, Marin B, Li H, Xu Y, Liang H, Li Z, Chen S, Reder T, Çebi Z, Wittek S, Petersen M, Melkonian B, Du H, Yang H, Wang J, Wong GK, Xu X, Liu X, van de Peer Y, Melkonian M (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. Bibcode:2020NatEE...4.1220L. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7 . PMC 7455551 . PMID 32572216.

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