Christian sororities

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While most of the traditional women's fraternities or sororities were founded decades before the start of the 20th century, the first ever specifically Christian-themed Greek Letter Organization formed was the Kappa Phi Club, founded in Kansas in 1916. Kappa Phi was a women's sisterhood that developed out of a bible study and remains one of the largest nationally present Christian women's collegiate clubs today. Later organizations added more defined social programming along with a Christian emphasis, bridging the gap between non-secular traditional sororities and church-sponsored bible study groups, campus ministries and sect-based clubs and study groups.

Contents

History

All collegiate fraternities and sororities, beginning with Phi Beta Kappa in 1776, had, at inception, either a tacit or overt spiritual component. This may have been as simple as an official opening or closing prayer, expanding to Biblical lessons contained within rituals, and rules regarding behavior that are modeled on various Christian, or Jewish strictures. Over time, traditional (~original) fraternities and sororities have relaxed some of the wording of their rituals and codes to allow a more pluralistic model and open membership to a broader group of collegians. [1] [2]

Insularity, then integration

The rise of specifically Jewish, then Catholic, then Black, and then specifically Christian fraternities and sororities was a response (by the Jewish and Catholic groups first, then by students of non-white ethnicity) to the desire for fraternal membership where membership was barred. But it was important to note that, in context, America was far more insular in the pre-WWII era; in many cases Jewish and Catholic families, and their rabbis and priests wished to ensure that their children socialized primarily within their own religious traditions, thus establishing their own, competing Greek Letter organizations (GLOs) distinct from the "WASPy" traditional Greeks. After the integration of WWII GIs and the war's immediate aftermath, colleges and workplaces were abruptly far more integrated. Prior to WWII, relatively few Black or Hispanic students entered college in the US. But this would change with the passage of the G.I. Bill. Soon, the separate Jewish national fraternities and scattered locals began to merge, responding as traditional Greek chapters became more open to religious integration, adding Jewish and Catholic members. Today, only a fraction of Jewish fraternities remain, after multiple mergers. Similarly, Catholic nationals and locals merged, began opening chapters on non-Catholic campuses and to welcome students of Protestant heritage. Yet Black, then Hispanic and Asian GLOs which likewise began to form have remained widely popular, some using the moniker "Multicultural", though all national GLOs have removed "bias clauses" from their governing documents and policies, and all are racially integrated. [2] [3]

The idea of separate, thematic-focused fraternities and sororities continued to interest Christian students, their families and spiritual leaders. Long-established Bible study groups took on Greek Letter names, the first being Kappa Phi, a Bible-study and service club on twenty-four campuses; Yet the Kappa Phi Club still does not self-identify as a social sorority. Some organizers, assuming that the traditional GLOs lacked sufficient moral guardrails in pursuit of social programming, emerged to create the first objectively Christian (Protestant, then Evangelical) fraternities and sororities. [4] [5]

Traditionally, formation of the Christian sororities, later to become national organizations, has followed establishment of Christian fraternities, some as independent groups, and some in a "brother/sister" relationship, except in the case of Alpha Delta Chi, the first such Christian-emphasis organization on its campus. That sorority was founded in 1925 while Alpha Gamma Omega was founded in 1927, two years later, likewise at UCLA. Viewed broadly, these Christian Greek organizations enjoyed local success in their early years but they did not experience the national growth seen by more traditional Greek organizations.[ citation needed ]

1980s resurgence

A more novel situation occurred in 1987 when Chi Alpha Omega was founded as a co-educational Christian Greek organization. It wasn't until 1998 that Sigma Alpha Omega broke off from Chi Alpha Omega to form a women's-only ministry. Sigma Alpha Omega is now governed by a separate national president and board of trustees, and has grown to include 33 chapters throughout the country. [6] Chi Alpha Omega continues as a men's organization.

In 1988, the founding of Sigma Phi Lambda on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin sparked new growth among Christian sororities. "Phi Lamb" was founded by women who saw value in the brotherhood exemplified by Beta Upsilon Chi and wished to create a female counterpart, since ΒΥΧ was a male-only organization. [7] Sigma Phi Lambda today has an executive director, national board of directors, and regional directors, and is the largest Christian social sorority in the nation, with thirty-one chapters. [8]

Multicultural sorority expansion

There has been a surge in the multicultural segment of Christian sororities in recent years, with the establishment of sororities such as:

These are largely or exclusively organized as non-collegiate chapters.

Non-conventional Christian sororities

These might be categorized as mission-oriented, serve African-American or nominally Multicultural populations, and are typically non-collegiate. Often tightly controlled by a founding pastor:

List of sororities

Where collegiate, several are noted in the Baird's Manual Archive online. Where there is no current information on the number of chapters, a question mark appears; these groups may be dormant. [9]

NameSymbolsCharteredFounding locationScopeTypeEmphasisActive
chapters		StatusReferences
Alpha Delta Chi ΑΔΧ1925 University of California, Los Angeles NationalCollegiateChristian, Social22Active [10] [11]
Alpha Lambda Omega ΑΛΩApril 9, 1990 University of Texas at Austin NationalCollegiate (primarily)Inter-denominational Christian, Multicultural16Active [12]
Alpha Nu Omega ΑΝΩNovember 3, 1988 Morgan State University NationalCollegiateChristian, Multicultural21Active [13]
Alpha Omega ΑΩ2005NationalCollegiateChristian, Multicultural7Active
Alpha Omega Chi ΑΩΧ2019LocalNon-collegiateChristian, African-American1Active [14]
Alpha Psi Gamma ΑΨΓ2007LocalCollegiateChristian, Multicultural0Inactive [15]
Alpha Sigma Delta ΑΣΔMarch 15, 1990 Oakwood University CollegiateChristian, African-American [16]
Beta Phi Omega ΒΦΩ1969 University of Cebu Collegiatecoed
Delta Alpha Chi ΔΑΧ2006 Florida State University LocalCollegiateChristian, Social1Active [17]
Delta Alpha Omega ΔΑΩ2009NationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural8Active
Delta Iota Delta ΔΙΔ2019NationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural7Active [18]
Delta Lambda Gamma ΔΛΓ2008LocalCollegiateChristian, Multicultural0Inactive [19]
Delta Phi Psi ΔΦΨ2008RegionalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural2Active
Delta Psi Epsilon ΔΨΕJanuary 16, 1999 Oakwood University NationalNon-collegiate (primarily)Christian, Multicultural18Active [20]
Elogeme Adolphi ΕΑ1987NationalCollegiate (primarily)Christian, Multicultural16Active [21]
Eta Gamma Zeta ΗΓΖ2004St. XavierLocalCollegiateChristian, Social0Inactive [22]
Eta Iota Sigma ΗΙΣ1992 Texas Christian University RegionalCollegiateChristian, Social2Active
Gamma Alpha Lambda ΓΑΛ2003NationalCollegiateChristian, Social4Active [23]
Iota Chi Kappa ΙΧΚ2007NationalNon-collegiateChristian, African-American8Active [24]
Kappa Phi ΚΦ1916NationalCollegiateChristian33Active [25]
Lambda Alpha Chi ΛΑΧ2021RegionalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural2Active
Lambda Chi Omega ΛΧΩ2020NationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural4Active [26]
Lambda Omicron Chi ΛΟΧ2002NationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural3Active
Lambda Psi Alpha ΛΨΑFebruary 17, 2018InternationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural7Active [27]
Mu Alpha Mu ΜΑΜ2016NationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural25Active [28]
Mu Epsilon Theta ΜΕΘJanuary 16, 1987 University of Texas at Austin LocalCollegiateCatholic1Active [29]
Phi Beta Chi ΦΒΧMarch 26, 1978 University of Illinois NationalCollegiateChristian, Social7Active [30]
Pi Iota Chi ΠΙΧ2001RegionalChristian, Multicultural3Active
Psi Delta Chi ΨΔΧ1994RegionalNon-collegiateChristian, African-American2 ?Active [31] [32]
Psi Lambda Theta ΨΛΘ2019LocalCollegiateChristian0Inactive
Sigma Alpha (Christian) ΣΑ1988RegionalCollegiate, SocialChristian2Active [33]
Sigma Alpha Omega ΣΑΩJanuary 1998 North Carolina State University NationalCollegiateChristian, Social36Active [34] [35]
Sigma Omega Mu ΣΩΜ2010LocalChristian0Inactive [36]
Sigma Phi Chi ΣΦΧ2001 Austin College LocalCollegiateChristian1Active [37]
Sigma Phi Lambda ΣΦΛNovember 14, 1988 University of Texas at Austin NationalCollegiateChristian, Social32Active [38]
Tau Rho Omicron ΤΡΟ2011LocalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural1Active
Theta Alpha ΘΑ2006NationalCollegiateChristian, Social4Active [39]
Theta Chi Gamma ΘΧΓ2008NationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural4Active
Theta Sigma Lambda ΘΣΛ2008LocalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural0Inactive
Theta Phi Sigma ΘΦΣ2009NationalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural4Active [40]
Zeta Alpha Omicron (Zeta Phi Zeta)ΖΦΖ2001NationalNon-collegiate (primarily)Christian, Multicultural17  ?Active
Zeta Iota Chi ΖΙΧ2003LocalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural1  ?Active
Zeta Nu Delta ΖΝΔ2013RegionalNon-collegiateChristian, Multicultural3Active [41]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Cultural interest fraternities and sororities, in the North American student fraternity and sorority system, refer to general, social organizations oriented to students having a special interest in a culture or cultural identity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Professional Fraternity Association</span> American association of national, collegiate, professional fraternities and sororities

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Washington & Jefferson College fraternities and sororities</span>

Washington & Jefferson College is host to 8 Greek organizations and a significant percentage of the undergraduate student body is active in Greek life. With 43% of women and 40% of men of the student body participating in "greek life," fraternities and sororities play a significant role in student life at W&J. The Princeton Review named Washington & Jefferson College 12th on their 2010 list of "Major Frat and Sorority Scene" in the United States. As of 2024, the Office of Fraternity & Sorority Life recognized 4 fraternities, Alpha Tau Omega, Beta Theta Pi, Delta Tau Delta, and Phi Kappa Psi, and 4 sororities, Delta Gamma, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa Gamma, and Pi Beta Phi. The fraternities are governed by a local Interfraternal Council and the sororities are governed by a local Panhellenic Council, while the Greek Judiciary manages broad policy violations at the chapter-level. All Greek organizations occupy College-owned houses on Chestnut Street on campus. All members of fraternities and sororities must pay the $100 "Greek Membership Fee," a levy designed to fund leadership seminars and other educational events for Greeks.

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References

  1. ↑ Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. I-3. ISBN   978-0963715906. Baird's Manual is also available online here: The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
  2. 1 2 Sanua, Marianne Rachel (2003), Going Greek: Jewish College Fraternities in the United States, 1895–1945, Wayne State University Press, ISBN   0-8143-2857-1
  3. ↑ The first "ethnic"-themed national fraternities included Alpha Phi Alpha for Black Americans, formed in 1905, Rho Psi, for Asians sojourning in America, formed in 1916, and Phi Eta Mu, serving Puerto Rican students, formed in 1923.
  4. ↑ Tucker, Susan; Willinger, Beth (2012-05-07). Newcomb College, 1886-2006: Higher Education for Women in New Orleans. LSU Press. ISBN   978-0-8071-4338-4.
  5. ↑ Boyett, Colleen; Tarver, H. Micheal; Gleason, Mildred Diane (2020-12-07). Daily Life of Women: An Encyclopedia from Ancient Times to the Present [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 794. ISBN   978-1-4408-4693-9.
  6. ↑ Explained more fully in the Who We Are section of its national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  7. ↑ Noted among the member testimonies provided by the national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  8. ↑ "Home - Sigma Phi Lambda". Archived from the original on 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
  9. ↑ William Raimond Baird; Carroll Lurding (eds.). "Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive)". Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved 5 April 2022. The main archive URL is The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
  10. ↑ Noted in the Baird's Archive, "A" listings, accessed 5 April 2022.
  11. ↑ Alpha Delta Chi national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  12. ↑ Alpha Lambda Omega national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Alpha Nu Omega national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  14. ↑ Alpha Omega Chi national website, accessed 7 April 2022.
  15. ↑ Former Alpha Psi Gamma national website, accessed 6 April 2022.
  16. ↑ Appears dormant, after a 2019 hazing incident.
  17. ↑ Delta Alpha Chi' FSU campus portal, accessed 7 April 2022.
  18. ↑ Delta Iota Delta national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  19. ↑ Appears to have been formed at Grand Valley State University in Allendale, Michigan. No longer on campus, no information via Google search.
  20. ↑ Delta Psi Epsilon national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  21. ↑ Elogeme Adolphi national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  22. ↑ Apparently no longer active at St. Xavier University, Chicago.
  23. ↑ No known national website; several campus portals available.
  24. ↑ "Iota Chi Kappa Christian Sorority". hbcuconnect.com. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  25. ↑ Noted in the Baird's Archive, "K" listings, accessed 5 April 2022.
  26. ↑ Lambda Chi Omega national website, accessed 5 March 2022.
  27. ↑ Lambda Psi Alpha international website, accessed 10 May 2024.
  28. ↑ Mu Alpha Mu national website, accessed 29 August 2022.
  29. ↑ Torbenson, Craig LaRon; Parks, Gregory (2009). Brothers and Sisters: Diversity in College Fraternities and Sororities. Associated University Presse. pp. 222 and 230. ISBN   978-0-8386-4194-1 – via Google Books.
  30. ↑ Noted in the Baird's Archive, "P" listings, accessed 5 April 2022.
  31. ↑ Psi Delta Chi national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  32. ↑ Not to be confused with the Military Sorority of the same name.
  33. ↑ Not to be confused with the national Agricultural professional sorority of that name.
  34. ↑ Noted in the Baird's Archive, "S" listings, accessed 5 April 2022.
  35. ↑ Sigma Alpha Omega national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  36. ↑ Sigma Omega Mu national website appears dormant, accessed 5 April 2022.
  37. ↑ "Sigma Phi Chi". Austin College. 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
  38. ↑ Sigma Phi Lambda national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  39. ↑ Theta Alpha national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  40. ↑ Theta Phi Sigma national website, accessed 5 April 2022.
  41. ↑ Zeta Nu Delta national website, accessed 5 April 2022.


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