Christoph Weder

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Christoph Weder
Christoph Weder AMI.jpg
Weder, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg
Born (1966-07-30) July 30, 1966 (age 57)
CitizenshipSwiss and Irish
Alma mater ETH Zurich
Scientific career
FieldsPolymer Science
Institutions Adolphe Merkle Institute (current)
Case Western Reserve University (2001-2009)
ETH Zurich (1995-2000)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1994-1995)
Thesis New Polyamides with Stable Nonlinear Optical Properties
Academic advisorsUlrich W. Suter, Mark S. Wrighton and Paul Smith
Website https://www.ami.swiss/en/groups/polymer-chemistry-and-materials/people/person.html?personid=122

Christoph Weder is the former director of the Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI) at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and a professor of polymer chemistry and materials. He is best known for his work on stimuli-responsive polymers, polymeric materials that change one or more of their properties when exposed to external cues. His research is focused on the development, investigation, and application of functional materials, in particular stimuli-responsive and bio-inspired polymers. [1]

Contents

Education and career

Christoph Weder was born on July 30, 1966. He began elementary school in Mülheim a. Main, Germany, in 1972 before moving to Thalwil, Switzerland, in 1974, where he completed elementary and secondary school. He then attended the high school Kantonsschule Enge in Zurich, from which he graduated in 1985. Following in the footsteps of his father, who was also a polymer chemist, [2] Weder studied chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) in Zurich, where he received his diploma in chemistry in 1990. He then joined the research group of Professor Ulrich W. Suter [3] as a doctoral student and in 1994 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences for his dissertation “New Polyamides with Stable Nonlinear Optical Properties.” While at ETH, Weder was also trained as a chemistry teacher and received his teaching certification in 1992. [4] With a fellowship from the Swiss National Science Foundation, Weder then spent one year as a postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked under the guidance of then-provost Mark S. Wrighton. [4]

Weder returned to the Department of Materials of ETH Zurich in 1995, where he joined the group of Professor Paul Smith and continued to work on photofunctional polymers. Based on his habilitation thesis entitled “Polarizing Light with Polymers,” Weder received his habilitation and, bestowed with the venia legendi, became an independent lecturer in 1999. In 2001, Weder left ETH and joined Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, as an associate professor in the Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering. He was promoted to professor in 2007, and in 2008 was named the F. Alex Nason Professor. [4]

In 2009, Weder returned to Switzerland and joined the Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI) as Professor of Polymer Chemistry and Materials. [5] AMI, which was founded in 2008 thanks to a gift from Adolphe Merkle, is an interdisciplinary research center that focuses on fundamental and application-oriented research in soft nano- and materials sciences. [6] In January 2010, Weder was appointed as the institute’s director, [7] serving until April 2022. [8]

Weder led a team that was awarded a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) to establish the National Competence Center in Research (NCCR) Bio-Inspired Materials. He served as the center’s director from its launch in 2014 until 2020. [9] [10] The NCCRs are a research instrument of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) that aim to strengthen research in areas of strategic importance for the future of Swiss science, business and society. [11]

Weder remains an adjunct professor at CWRU [12] and has served as a visiting professor at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand since 2003. [13] He serves as an Associate Editor of ACS Macro Letters [14] and was a co-editor of the RSC Book Series Polymer Chemistry from 202-2021. [15]

Weder has co-authored more than 300 peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals and over twenty book chapters. [1] He also edited two books. As of March 2022, Weder has an h-index of 87 and his works have been cited more than 27,000 times. [16]

Weder is a co-inventor of more than twenty patent families [17] that protect technologies such as light-polarizing security features, [18] mechanochromic materials, [19] sea-cucumber inspired dynamic mechanical polymer nanocomposites, [20] stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymers, [21] materials for optical upconversion, [22] shape memory polymers, [23] and optical data storage systems. [24] He was a co-founding board member of the ETH-spinoff company Omlidon Technologies, LLC (1999–2002), and served on the board of directors of Gel Instrumente AG (1994–2006). [5]

Weder is the recipient of a 3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award, a DuPont Young Professor Award, an NSF Special Creativity Award, and the Case School of Engineering Award. He was awarded a prestigious European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant, [25] and is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society’s Division of Polymer Chemistry. [26] In 2017, he was nominated as a member of the Swiss Academy of Technical Sciences "in recognition of his pioneering work in the development of nanomaterials through combination of fundamental research and practical applications as well as his contribution to the successful establishment of the Adolphe Merkle Institute". [27] [28]

Weder is married and has three children. [29]

Research

Weder’s early research activities in the 1990s focused on polymers with special optical properties. This involved the development of nonlinear optical polymers [30] and investigations of the structure-property relationships of photoluminescent poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s. [31] He demonstrated the usefulness of these semiconducting polymers as the active layer in polymer-based light-emitting diodes. [32] His group also exploited the possibility to orient such rod-like molecules to create fluorescent materials that display linearly polarized absorption and emission. [33] Such materials formed the basis of security features that Weder’s group developed, [18] which were used as an anti-counterfeiting element in security paper. [34] [35] His team also discovered a light-polarizing energy transfer effect that can be used to produce highly efficient fluorescent polarizers. [36] Such elements are useful in display and other applications. [37]

Weder’s research focus turned to stimuli-responsive polymers shortly after he moved to CWRU in 2001. In 2002, Weder’s research lab developed a novel method to create polymeric materials that change their fluorescence color upon deformation. [38] Recognizing the potential for practical applications this effect had, Weder established a research program to develop polymers that translate mechanical forces into optical signals, [39] which is still active today, and shortly thereafter, mechanochromic polymers began to attract widespread interest. [1] [19] Most of the mechanochrochromic materials reported by Weder’s group in the following two decades operate on the basis of the same general transduction principle, which involves changing the interactions among optically active motifs in response to mechanical deformation. [40] Recent discoveries include the development of new mechanically responsive motifs or “mechanophores” based on rotaxanes [41] [42] [43] and loop-forming dye pairs. [44]

Controlling the interactions between molecular or nanoscale building blocks through an external stimulus has become one of Weder’s main design tools for the creation of stimuli-responsive polymers. [1] In 2008, in collaboration with his colleague Stuart Rowan, Weder introduced stimuli-responsive mechanically adaptive polymer nanocomposites whose architecture and function was inspired by sea cucumbers. [45] The mechanical properties of these materials, which were made by incorporating nanocellulose crystals as a reinforcing filler into polymer matrices, depend on the interactions among the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and can be regulated by an external stimulus. The approach was initially used to create mechanically morphing implant materials, which soften upon exposure to physiological conditions. This work led to sustained research efforts in Weder’s group on bio-inspired mechanically morphing polymers, [46] [47] the development of protocols for the processing of CNC/polymer nanocomposites, [48] [49] [50] and the development of new cellulose-based nanocomposites. [51] [52] Adaptive polymers that show such mechanical morphing upon exposure to physiological conditions were reported to increase the functionality of cortical implants. [53] [54]

The possibility to heal defects in polymeric materials can increase the reliability and durability of polymer products. [55] In 2011, also in collaboration with Rowan, Weder demonstrated that the UV-light induced temporary disassembly of metallosupramolecular polymers can be used to heal defects in these materials. [56] Expanding on this concept, Weder’s team introduced light healable nanocomposites, [57] and modified the structure to include different binding motifs and architectures, for example glassy hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymer networks. [58] His group also used this approach to develop adhesives with the capability to bond or debond on demand. [59] [60] [61] Weder’s group sought to push the mechanical properties of supramolecular polymers towards those of conventional thermoplastics. In 2019, his team demonstrated that it is possible to toughen stiff but brittle glassy supramolecular polymer networks by forming blends with a rubbery component. [62] More recent versions of such materials were shown to be healable and to display property combinations that are comparable to some conventional plastics. [63]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Rowan, Stuart J.; Weder, Christoph (2019-10-10). "Combining Chemistry, Materials Science, Inspiration from Nature, and Serendipity to Develop Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Materials". Israel Journal of Chemistry. 60 (1–2): 100–107. doi:10.1002/ijch.201900098. ISSN   0021-2148. S2CID   208733502.
  2. ↑ Wiley VCH. "Best of Macromolecular Journals 2017" (PDF). Advanced Science News. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-29. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  3. ↑ Suter, Ulrich W. "Suter, Ulrich W., Prof. em. Dr" . Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 Weder, Christoph (2009-11-27). "Functional Polymer Blends and Nanocomposites". CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry. 63 (11): 758–763. doi: 10.2533/chimia.2009.758 .
  5. 1 2 "Ein Spitzenforscher in Polymerchemie wechselt an das Adolphe Merkle Institut". Unifr | News. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
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  18. 1 2 US 7108286,Weder, Christoph&Smith, Paul,"Antifalsification paper and other antifalsification items",published 2006-09-19, assigned to Landquart
  19. 1 2 US 7223988,Lowe, Christiane&Weder, Christoph,"Color tunable photoluminescent blends",published 2007-05-29, assigned to Case Western Reserve University
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  21. ↑ US 10323129,Weder, Christoph; Balkenende, Diederik& Fiore, Gina,"Stimulus-responsive supramolecular glasses",published 2019-06-18, assigned to Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg
  22. ↑ US 10533128,Vadrucci, Roberto; Simon, Yoan C.& Weder, Christoph,"Optically upconverting liquid-filled polymeric materials",published 2020-01-14, assigned to Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg
  23. ↑ USapplication 2020407554,Weder, Christoph; Shirole, Anuja& Perotto, Carloet al.,"Shape memory polymers",published 2020-12-31, assigned to Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg
  24. ↑ US 10229709,Singer, Kenneth D.; Ryan, Chris& Shan, Jieet al.,"Optical information storage medium",published 2019-03-12, assigned to Case Western Reserve University
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  32. ↑ Montali, Andrea; Smith, Paul; Weder, Christoph (1998-09-15). "Poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)-based light-emitting devices". Synthetic Metals. 97 (2): 123–126. doi:10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00120-9. ISSN   0379-6779.
  33. ↑ Weder, Christoph; Sarwa, Christian; Bastiaansen, Cees; Smith, Paul (1997). "Highly polarized luminescence from oriented conjugated polymer/polyethylene blend films". Advanced Materials. 9 (13): 1035–1039. Bibcode:1997AdM.....9.1035W. doi:10.1002/adma.19970091308. ISSN   0935-9648. S2CID   53390052.
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  37. ↑ Weder, Christoph; Sarwa, Christian; Montali, Andrea; Bastiaansen, Cees; Smith, Paul (1998-02-06). "Incorporation of Photoluminescent Polarizers into Liquid Crystal Displays". Science. 279 (5352): 835–837. Bibcode:1998Sci...279..835W. doi:10.1126/science.279.5352.835. PMID   9452376.
  38. ↑ Löwe, Christiane (2002). "Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) Excimers as Molecular Probes: Deformation-Induced Color Changes in Photoluminescent Polymer Blends". Advanced Materials. 14 (22): 1625–1629. doi:10.1002/1521-4095(20021118)14:22<1625::AID-ADMA1625>3.0.CO;2-Q.
  39. ↑ Calvino, Céline; Neumann, Laura; Weder, Christoph; Schrettl, Stephen (2016-12-04). "Approaches to polymeric mechanochromic materials". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 55 (4): 640–652. doi: 10.1002/pola.28445 . ISSN   0887-624X.
  40. ↑ Traeger, Hanna; Kiebala, Derek J.; Weder, Christoph; Schrettl, Stephen (2021). "From Molecules to Polymers—Harnessing Inter‐ and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials". Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 42 (1): 345–375. doi:10.1002/marc.202000573. ISSN   1022-1336. PMID   33191595. S2CID   226971620.
  41. ↑ Sagara, Yoshimitsu; Karman, Marc; Verde-Sesto, Ester; Matsuo, Kazuya; Kim, Yuna; Tamaoki, Nobuyuki; Weder, Christoph (2018-02-07). "Rotaxanes as Mechanochromic Fluorescent Force Transducers in Polymers". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 140 (5): 1584–1587. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b12405. ISSN   0002-7863. PMC   5806082 . PMID   29355316.
  42. ↑ Sagara, Yoshimitsu; Karman, Marc; Seki, Atsushi; Pannipara, Mehboobali; Tamaoki, Nobuyuki; Weder, Christoph (2019-05-22). "Rotaxane-Based Mechanophores Enable Polymers with Mechanically Switchable White Photoluminescence". ACS Central Science. 5 (5): 874–881. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.9b00173. ISSN   2374-7943. PMC   6535770 . PMID   31139723.
  43. ↑ Muramatsu, Tatsuya; Okado, Yuji; Traeger, Hanna; Schrettl, Stephen; Tamaoki, Nobuyuki; Weder, Christoph; Sagara, Yoshimitsu (2021-07-07). "Rotaxane-Based Dual Function Mechanophores Exhibiting Reversible and Irreversible Responses". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 143 (26): 9884–9892. doi:10.1021/jacs.1c03790. ISSN   0002-7863. PMID   34162206. S2CID   235627663.
  44. ↑ Traeger, Hanna; Sagara, Yoshimitsu; Kiebala, Derek J.; Schrettl, Stephen; Weder, Christoph (2021-06-11). "Folded Perylene Diimide Loops as Mechanoresponsive Motifs". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 60 (29): 16191–16199. doi:10.1002/anie.202105219. ISSN   1433-7851. PMID   33961723. S2CID   233998878.
  45. ↑ Capadona, Jeffrey R.; Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan; Tyler, Dustin J.; Rowan, Stuart J.; Weder, Christoph (2008-03-07). "Stimuli-responsive polymer nanocomposites inspired by the sea cucumber dermis". Science. 319 (5868): 1370–1374. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1370C. doi:10.1126/science.1153307. ISSN   1095-9203. PMID   18323449. S2CID   36974419.
  46. ↑ Montero de Espinosa, Lucas; Meesorn, Worarin; Moatsou, Dafni; Weder, Christoph (2017-10-25). "Bioinspired Polymer Systems with Stimuli-Responsive Mechanical Properties". Chemical Reviews. 117 (20): 12851–12892. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00168 . ISSN   0009-2665. PMID   28752995.
  47. ↑ Monney, Baptiste; Hess-Dunning, Allison E.; Gloth, Paul; Capadona, Jeffrey R.; Weder, Christoph (2020-08-05). "Mechanically adaptive implants fabricated with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based negative photoresists". Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 8 (30): 6357–6365. doi: 10.1039/D0TB00980F . ISSN   2050-7518. PMID   32555874. S2CID   219899399.
  48. ↑ Capadona, Jeffrey R.; Van Den Berg, Otto; Capadona, Lynn A.; Schroeter, Michael; Rowan, Stuart J.; Tyler, Dustin J.; Weder, Christoph (2007). "A versatile approach for the processing of polymer nanocomposites with self-assembled nanofibre templates". Nature Nanotechnology. 2 (12): 765–769. Bibcode:2007NatNa...2..765C. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.379. ISSN   1748-3395. PMID   18654428.
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  50. ↑ Nicharat, Apiradee; Sapkota, Janak; Weder, Christoph; Foster, E. Johan (2015-08-21). "Melt processing of polyamide 12 and cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 132 (45): n/a. doi:10.1002/app.42752. ISSN   0021-8995.
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