The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT,is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology,to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy,and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. Between 1965 and 1968,the treaty was negotiated by the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament,a United Nations-sponsored organization based in Geneva,Switzerland.
The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security,military,and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House,it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States,and composed of senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials.
John Robert Bolton is an American attorney,diplomat,Republican consultant,and political commentator. He served as the 25th United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2005 to 2006,and as the 26th United States National Security Advisor from 2018 to 2019.
Ashton Baldwin Carter was an American government official and academic who served as the 25th United States secretary of defense from February 2015 to January 2017. He later served as director of the Belfer Center for Science &International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School.
Hon. Carl W. Ford,Jr. is an American political scientist,consultant,defense administrator,and Asian specialist originally from Hot Springs,Arkansas. As Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research,he headed the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) in the State Department from 2001 until 2003. He reported directly to then Secretary of State Colin Powell.
Kathleen Troia McFarland is an American political commentator,civil servant,author,and former political candidate.
James Robert Clapper Jr. is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and former Director of National Intelligence. Clapper has held several key positions within the United States Intelligence Community. He served as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) from 1992 until 1995. He was the first director of defense intelligence within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and simultaneously the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. He served as the director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) from September 2001 until June 2006.
Robert Leon Wilkie Jr. is an American lawyer and government official who served as the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from 2018 to 2021,during the Trump administration. He was previously Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness during the Trump administration,from November 2017 to July 2018. A Naval intelligence officer in the Reserve,he was Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs in the administration of President George W. Bush.
Kenneth Leonard Wainstein is an American lawyer. He served as the first Assistant Attorney General for National Security,and later as the Homeland Security Advisor to United States President George W. Bush. In 2022 under the Biden administration,he was appointed Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis.
The International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe —is an international non-governmental organisation uniting leading world-renowned experts on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons,materials and delivery vehicles.
John Joseph Sullivan is an American attorney and government official who served as the United States Ambassador to Russia from 2020 to 2022,and who previously served as the 19th United States Deputy Secretary of State from 2017 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party,Sullivan served as Acting United States Secretary of State from April 1,2018,to April 26,2018,following President Donald Trump's dismissal of Secretary of State Rex Tillerson on March 13,2018,until Tillerson's official successor,Mike Pompeo,was sworn in. Tillerson did not officially leave office until March 31,2018. Sullivan,however,was delegated all responsibilities of the Secretary of State beginning March 13.
Thomas Graham Jr. is a former senior U.S. diplomat. Graham was involved in the negotiation of every single international arms control and non-proliferation agreement from 1970 to 1997. This includes the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties,the Anti-ballistic missile (ABM) Treaty,Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) Treaty,Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT),Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty and Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). In 1993,Ambassador Graham served as acting director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) from January to November,1993 and Acting Deputy Director from November,1993 to July,1994. From 1994 through 1997,he was president Bill Clinton's special representative for Arms Control,Non-Proliferation,and Disarmament. Graham successfully led the U.S. government efforts to achieve the permanent extension of the NPT in 1995. Graham also served for 15 years as the general counsel of ACDA. Throughout his career,Thomas Graham has worked with six U.S. Presidents including Presidents Richard Nixon,Gerald Ford,Jimmy Carter,Ronald Reagan,George H. W. Bush,and Bill Clinton. Ambassador Graham worked on the negotiation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention and managed the Senate approval of the ratification of the Geneva Protocol banning the use of chemical and biological weapons in war,as well as the Biological Weapons Convention.
Rajesh "Raj" De is an American lawyer and former U.S. government official who later became the managing partner for the Washington,D.C.,office of the law firm Mayer Brown. During the presidency of Barack Obama,he served in three significant government roles—as Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Policy,as White House Staff Secretary,and finally as general counsel of the U.S. National Security Agency.
Christopher David Steele is a British former intelligence officer with the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1987 until his retirement in 2009. He ran the Russia desk at MI6 headquarters in London between 2006 and 2009. In 2009,he co-founded Orbis Business Intelligence,a London-based private intelligence firm.
C.S. Eliot Kang is an American diplomat and member of the Senior Executive Service. He currently serves as the Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation (ISN) at the U.S. Department of State. From January to July 2021 and January 2017 to January 2018,Kang served as acting ISN Assistant Secretary and also exercised the authority of the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs. He also served as acting ISN Assistant Secretary from January to June 2009.
Donald Trump's handling of United States government records,especially those containing classified information,during his tenure as the 45th U.S. president has come under scrutiny. A number of incidents in which the president disclosed classified information to foreign powers and private individuals have become publicly known,sometimes with distinct national security and diplomatic consequences.
Marshall Billingslea is a former Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing at the United States Department of the Treasury. He was the Trump Administration's nominee to be Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs,and he previously served as a U.S. Senate staffer and as a Department of Defense official.
Kathryn Lynn Wheelbarger is an American attorney and government official,who served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from 2018 to 2020.
This is a chronology of significant events in 2016 and 2017 related to the many suspicious links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies during the Trump presidential transition and the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. Following the timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections before and after July 2016,this article begins on November 8 and ends with Donald Trump and Mike Pence being sworn into office on January 20,2017. The investigations continued in the first and second halves of 2017,the first and second halves of 2018,the first and second halves of 2019,2020,and 2021.
This is a timeline of major events in second half of 2019 related to the investigations into the myriad links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies that are suspected of being inappropriate,relating to the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. It follows the timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections before and after July 2016 up until election day November 8,and the transition,the first and second halves of 2017,the first and second halves of 2018,and the first half of 2019,but precedes that of 2020 and 2021.
