Churches of Gaeta

Map of Gaeta with the location of the churches inside the walls.

The churches of Gaeta are the Christian places of worship located within the boundaries of the present-day municipality of Gaeta, thus including both the town center and the surrounding area.

History

Exterior view of the former church of San Giovanni della Porta; its structure is typical of the city's secondary medieval places of worship, with a short single nave with two bays, preceded by a front section and ending with an apse (in this case non-protruding); moreover, the extradosed rib vault is an element common to most of the city's religious buildings.

Interior of the former church of Santa Lucia in a photograph from the 1890s; founded in the 11th century and completed in the 13th, like many other churches in the city, it was embellished in the Baroque style between the 17th and 18th centuries, only to be replaced in the first half of the 20th century by a style closer to its hypothetical original form; Santa Lucia was one of the oldest parishes in Gaeta (the parish priest had the privilege of wearing the miter) and was the royal chapel during the stay in Gaeta of Ladislaus I, King of Naples (1387–1399).

Seventeenth century view of Gaeta showing the main churches.

Interior view towards the counter-façade of the 17th century church of Santa Maria di Porto Salvo, in the Borgo  [ it ]: above the portal is the coat of arms of the Order of Discalced Augustinians who promoted its construction together with the adjoining convent and officiated it until its suppression in 1809.

The first Christian communities in Gaeta, like those in nearby Formia, appeared no earlier than the end of the 3rd century. ^[7] During this period, the first bishop of Formia, Erasmus, preached in the area. This must have had an effect on Gaeta, since, according to hagiographies, the former soldier Ephysius, who had converted to Christianity, was baptized there during those same years. ^[8]

The size of the town - and of the Christian community - was still modest at the time. A turning point came in the 6th century with the Gothic War and the subsequent Lombard invasion  [ it ] when the major Roman centers in the area were sacked or destroyed. In this context, the populations of the nearby Roman cities in the terminal part of the Gaetan peninsula began to migrate in a defensive manner. Within two and a half centuries, with the growth of this last settlement, the episcopal see of Formia (which had already absorbed that of Minturno) was transferred, first de facto and then de jure, to Gaeta.

The first mention of a church in Gaeta dates back to 604: the church of San Giorgio, built at least 20 years earlier in the upper part of the castrum. ^[9] San Giorgio was one of the four parishes traditionally considered the oldest in the city, together with Santa Maria in Pensulis, San Pietro and San Tommaso. The four parish priests had the right to wear a miter and walk next to the bishop in processions at least until the 16th century. San Pietro still retained the privilege of the mitred prior at the end of the 18th century. ^[10]

Other churches that probably appeared in the 7th century are San Lorenzo, Santa Scolastica and Santa Maria del Parco. The first was located in a farmhouse in the Pontone valley, called Massa Laurenziana, owned by the Patrimony of St. Peter; the second was a very ancient grange of the Abbey of Montecassino; the third was chosen as a refuge around 842 by the Bishop of Formia, who also hid the relics of the Formian saints there for fear of Saracen plundering. Between 760 and 780, the area was enclosed by a new circle of walls, from which the name "de parcu" may derive. ^[11]

The churches of San Salvatore, initially outside the walls, and Santi Cosma e Damiano, in a new village over 2 km from the walled city, can be dated to between the end of the 8th and the beginning of the 9th century.

During the 9th century the parishes of Santa Maria fuori Porta, San Silviniano, Santa Irene and the monasteries of San Teodoro and Sant'Angelo in Planciano were built. In the 10th century the parishes of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, San Nicola, San Giovanni a Mare, Santa Barbara were founded, as well as the convents of Santa Maria and San Quirico (also parishes) and the churches of San Giacomo (later degli Spagnoli), San Giovanni in Fonte and Santa Maria del Molo. After the year 1000 and for the next four centuries, churches were built continuously, with more intense phases corresponding to periods of greater economic prosperity in the city.

During the reigns of Ladislaus and his sister Joanna, Gaeta reached the height of its splendor, becoming the second capital of the Kingdom of Naples. The number of functioning religious buildings was also considerable: by 1420 there were 21 parishes within the walls (in an area of less than 15 hectares) and 6 outside, 3 Benedictine monasteries for women and 3 for men with their respective outbuildings, 1 Cistercian abbey, 2 Franciscan convents, 1 Dominican and 1 Augustinian, 2 Carthusian granges and about twenty other churches and chapels.

With the advent of the Aragonese period, economic growth came to a halt and the population decreased slightly. In 1440 the parish of San Ludovico was transferred to Santa Maria di Porta, the original church having been demolished for military reasons. In 1481 some churches were suppressed and united to the Cathedral Chapter by Bishop Francesco Patrizi: Santi Cosma e Damiano in Gaeta, San Pantaleone, Santa Marina, Sant'Ambrogio del Monte and Santa Maria di Casaregola. ^[12]

The most dramatic decline, in every sense, occurred during the Italian wars of 1494–1504, which the people of Gaeta experienced firsthand. The looting carried out by French soldiers in June 1495 mainly affected the rich churches of Gaeta, which were devastated and deprived of precious ornaments and votive offerings accumulated over the centuries.

In the 16th century, the construction of ramparts and the consequent sharp reduction in commercial activities contributed to the depopulation of Gaeta in favor of its Borgo  [ it ]. The overabundance of parishes in the walled city became evident to the ecclesiastical authorities, who decreed the unification of numerous parishes during the course of the century. The first parish to be abolished - it is not known exactly when - was that of Santo Stefano. In 1519, on the initiative of the then bishop Cardinal De Vio, San Salvatore was suppressed and annexed to the cathedral with a bull issued by Pope Leo X. The merger was confirmed by a bull issued by Clement VII in 1530. In 1550, by brief of Julius II, the parish of San Geminiano or Santi Lucia e Geminiano was incorporated into that of Santa Barbara. Six parishes propter earum vicinitatem quommodo superfluae were suppressed in 1569 by a bull of Pius V: San Giorgio, Santa Irene, San Silviniano, Santi Giovanni e Paolo, San Vito, San Silvestro; the decision was confirmed by a bull issued by Gregory XIII in 1575. ^[13] There was more or less strong opposition from parish priests and the faithful, since a papal decree was needed each time to confirm the abolition. ^[14]

Between the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, however, three new parishes were established in the village: San Giacomo in 1571, San Carlo in 1620, and San Sergio in 1638. ^[14] The construction of churches and chapels, especially Marian ones, received a new impulse during the period of the Counter-Reformation. New religious orders appeared on a scene that was still dominated by Benedictines, Cistercians and Conventual Franciscans: Camillians, Capuchins, Piarists and Discalced Augustinians.

In the early 1700s the number of consecrated churches was again very high. In the report of the pastoral visit of April 9, 1725, Bishop Carlo Pignatelli noted with some satisfaction that in the city enclosed within the walls, where 2,996 people lived, there were 35 churches, including 11 parishes and 6 monasteries. The village, with its 6,814 inhabitants, had 4 parishes, 3 monasteries and several other rural churches and chapels. ^[15]

In the second half of the 18th century there was a decline in the number of priests, religious and active churches, which was accompanied by a certain demographic and economic stagnation. The "death blow" to religious activities was dealt by the ten-year French government, which abolished several parishes and almost all the monasteries in the city. The churches of Gaeta, reduced in number and almost all in a poor state of repair, enjoyed a new period of prosperity during the nine months that Pius IX was exiled in the city and in the following years, when by order of Ferdinand II many churches were restored or rebuilt and some chapels were built from scratch.

With the unification of Italy the situation for the churches, particularly those pertaining to religious orders, worsened again with the anticlerical laws. Despite this, the demographic growth prevented a reduction in the number of parishes, which remained at 8 throughout the century. ^{[16] [17]}

The parish of San Giovanni a Mare was merged with the Cathedral in the first decades of the 20th century. The parish of San Biagio effectively ceased to exist around 1955, when its church was demolished; de jure it was never suppressed. ^[18] The parish of San Pietro was officially assigned to the church of San Giovanni della Porta in 1895, then passed to San Domenico in 1930 and was finally suppressed at the end of the 70s. The parish of Santa Lucia was transferred to Santa Caterina and then merged with the Cathedral in 1987.

The traditional three parishes of San Giacomo, Santi Cosma e Damiano and San Carlo still exist in the Borgo. With the economic boom and population growth of the 1960s, two new parishes were established: San Nilo in 1963 and San Paolo in 1964. Finally, in 1986 the parish of Santo Stefano was nominally established, but the inauguration of the church only took place in 2014. The number of parishes is therefore seven.

With the recent abandonment of the Addolorata convent by the Crucified Adorers of the Eucharist nuns, only two regular religious complexes remain: the Holy Trinity (PIME) and Our Lady of Mercy (SMMP). The number of churches open for worship is obviously limited to these and a few other churches. Despite the neglect and damage suffered during the Second World War, however, numerous churches throughout the territory are still visible and sometimes open to visitors.

Legend

In order to compile a complete list, the Christian places of worship in the city were systematically divided into two parts ("inside the walls" and "outside the walls") and into different categories. Determining the taxonomy of the churches is rather problematic; in this respect, a more complex classification, postponed to the traditional name, was preferred to a generic prefix "ex". Deconsecrated churches (existing and non-existing) are indicated in italics. Similarly, the heading "church of" or "chapel of" has generally been avoided, and for simplicity only the titular and any changes over time are given. Apparent repetitions are due to rebuilding at another site or to homonymy. Another problematic aspect is the distinction between churches and chapels, which could lead to the latter being considered "improper" churches and irrelevant to the purpose of the list. The distinction is historically unstable and not easily based on dimensional or functional criteria, as evidenced by the frequent expression chiesa seu cappella ("either church or chapel"). ^[19]

Catholic places of worship

Places of worship within the city walls

Name	Location	Foundation	Last significant interventions	Prevailing architectural style	Current status	Notes	Image
Santissima Addolorata [20] formerly San Raffaele originally San Gregorio	Via Annunziata 41°13′N13°35′E / 41.21°N 13.58°E / 41.21; 13.58	14th century	1855	Neoclassical	Not officiated	Home of the confraternity of San Gregorio until 1771, then annexed to a convent of the Mantellate Sisters of Mary (until 1906) and later of the Crucified Sisters Adorers of the Eucharist (until 2015)
Sant'Agostino [21]	Via Begani 41°12′46″N13°34′37″E / 41.2129017°N 13.5770324°E / 41.2129017; 13.5770324	1421	?	?	Vanished	Annexed to an Augustinian convent and seat of the confraternity of Santa Monica until 1809
Sant'Angelo al Castello [22]	Salita Castello 41°12′27″N13°35′07″E / 41.2075279°N 13.5852037°E / 41.2075279; 13.5852037	1230	?	?	Vanished	Annexed to a Dominican monastery until 1308
Sant'Angelo in Planciano [23]	Via della Breccia 41°12′45″N13°34′42″E / 41.2125762°N 13.5783485°E / 41.2125762; 13.5783485	Before 899	1851	Neoclassical	Not officiated	Annexed to a Benedictine monastery for monks that was suppressed in 1809
Santissima Annunziata [24]	Via Annunziata 41°12′41″N13°34′50″E / 41.2114827°N 13.5804181°E / 41.2114827; 13.5804181	1321	17th century	Baroque	Officiated	Annexed to the Santissima Annunziata complex, a sanctuary since 2009
Sant'Antonio Abate [25] also known as San Biagio	Lungomare Caboto 41°12′49″N13°34′44″E / 41.2134828°N 13.5788584°E / 41.2134828; 13.5788584	Around 1200	18th century	Baroque	Vanished, only the back wall of the apse remains	Originally belonging to the order of Saint Anthony, since 1838 the seat of the parish of San Biagio and the confraternity of Santa Monica
Santa Barbara [26]	Salita Chiaromonte 41°12′29″N13°35′20″E / 41.2081019°N 13.588762°E / 41.2081019; 13.588762	Before 1002	?	Romanesque	Incorporated into other buildings	Formerly the seat of the parish of the same name
San Bartolomeo [27]	Lungomare Caboto 41°12′49″N13°34′42″E / 41.213605°N 13.578445°E / 41.213605; 13.578445	Before 1409	?	?	Vanished	Owned by the Maltacea family until 1409, then by the Gattola family Seat of the confraternity of the same name
San Benedetto [28]	Via Pio IX 41°12′33″N13°35′22″E / 41.2090912°N 13.589546°E / 41.2090912; 13.589546	Before 887	14th century	Romanesque	Partially collapsed, in a state of neglect	Parish suppressed in 1810
San Biagio Vecchio [29]	Piazza Sebastiano Conca 41°12′38″N13°34′55″E / 41.2104347°N 13.5820412°E / 41.2104347; 13.5820412	Before 1028	1623	?	Vanished	Parish transferred to the new church of San Biagio in 1695
San Biagio [29]	Lungomare Caboto 41°12′49″N13°34′41″E / 41.213505°N 13.578180°E / 41.213505; 13.578180	1695	?	?	Vanished	Home to the parish of the same name and the confraternity of Santa Monica until 1838
San Biagio (temporary)	Via Annunziata 41°12′46″N13°34′49″E / 41.2126431°N 13.5801688°E / 41.2126431; 13.5801688	?	?	?	Rooms on the ground floor of the Royal Palace of Ferdinand II	Provisional seat of the parish of San Biagio in the 1950s and at the beginning of the following century
Santa Caterina d'Alessandria [30]	Via Pio IX 41°12′30″N13°35′22″E / 41.2082212°N 13.5895333°E / 41.2082212; 13.5895333	14th century	1855	Neoclassical	Not officiated	Annexed to a Benedictine convent until 1451, then a Cistercian convent suppressed in 1809; seat of the parish of Santa Lucia from 1972 to 1987
Cappella delle Cinque Croci	Lungomare Caboto 41°12′46″N13°34′31″E / 41.2128543°N 13.5753226°E / 41.2128543; 13.5753226	Around 1850	?	Neo-Gothic	Vanished	At the foot of the Cappelletti bastion
Cappella del Conservatorio [31]	Via Annunziata 41°12′44″N13°34′52″E / 41.2123437°N 13.5810019°E / 41.2123437; 13.5810019	1321	17th century	Baroque	Deconsecrated	Inside the Santissima Annunziata complex
Cappella del Palazzo Reale di Carlo III [32]	Via Faustina 41°12′36″N13°34′59″E / 41.209885°N 13.583182°E / 41.209885; 13.583182	18th century			Vanished
Santi Cosma e Damiano [12]	?	?	?	?	Vanished	Parish merged with Santa Marina before 1425
Santissimo Crocifisso [33]	Via Santissima Trinità 41°12′21″N13°34′16″E / 41.2058618°N 13.5710862°E / 41.2058618; 13.5710862	16th century	?	Baroque	Not officiated	Inside the Santissima Trinità complex
San Curcio [34]	?	Before 1306	?	?	Vanished
San Domenico Vecchio [35]	Salita Castello 41°12′28″N13°35′10″E / 41.2078658°N 13.5860918°E / 41.2078658; 13.5860918	1222	?	Romanesque	Vanished	Annexed to a Dominican convent suppressed in 1308
San Domenico [36]	Via Aragonese 41°13′N13°35′E / 41.21°N 13.59°E / 41.21; 13.59	1308	1449	Gothic	Occasionally officiated	Annexed to a Dominican convent and seat of the parish of the same name and of the Confraternity of the Rosary until 1809; seat of the parish of San Pietro from 1930 until its suppression at the end of the 1970s
Santi Erasmo e Marciano e Santa Maria Assunta [37] formerly Santa Maria del Parco	Via Duomo 41°13′N13°35′E / 41.21°N 13.59°E / 41.21; 13.59	7th-9th century	1788-1793 (interior) 1903-1950 (exterior)	Romanesque (bell tower) Neo-Gothic (façade) Baroque-Neoclassical (interior)	Officiated	Cathedral and minor basilica, seat of the parishes of Santa Maria Assunta and San Biagio
San Filippo Neri [38] formerly Santi Anna e Nicola	Via Santissima Trinità 41°12′21″N13°34′16″E / 41.2058618°N 13.5710862°E / 41.2058618; 13.5710862	16th century	After 1698	Baroque	Deconsecrated	Inside the Santissima Trinità complex
San Francesco [39]	Via San Giovanni Bosco 41°13′N13°35′E / 41.21°N 13.58°E / 41.21; 13.58	1283	1870	Neo-Gothic	Officiated	Order of Friars Minor then Society of Saint Francis de Sales until 1992
San Geminiano or Santi Lucia e Geminiano [40]	Between the church of San Benedetto and that of Santa Caterina d'Alessandria 41°12′31″N13°35′22″E / 41.208737°N 13.589473°E / 41.208737; 13.589473	Before 1306	?	?	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1550
San Giovanni a Mare [41]	Via Bausan 41°13′N13°35′E / 41.21°N 13.59°E / 41.21; 13.59	11th century	13th century	Romanesque	Officiated	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed at the beginning of the 20th century, previously the seat of the archconfraternity of San Giuseppe since 1628
San Giovanni de Folle [42]	?	Before 1393	?	?	Vanished
San Giovanni della Porta [43]	Via San Giovanni 41°13′N13°35′E / 41.21°N 13.58°E / 41.21; 13.58	10th century	19th century	Gothic	Deconsecrated	Entrusted to the Benedictine monks until the 14th century, a dependency of the monastery of Santi Teodoro e Martino until 1436 and of that of Sant'Angelo in Planciano until 1788; seat of the parish of the same name since 1436, and of that of San Pietro from 1805 to 1930, before the latter was transferred to San Domenico
San Giovanni di Malta [44]	Via Faustina 41°12′37″N13°34′57″E / 41.2102258°N 13.5825049°E / 41.2102258; 13.5825049	1225	?	?	Vanished	Belonging to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Santi Giovanni e Paolo [45] then Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte	Via Regina Maria Sofia 41°12′30″N13°35′08″E / 41.2084302°N 13.5854577°E / 41.2084302; 13.5854577	Before 954	17th-18th century	Baroque	Deconsecrated, rebuilt in contemporary forms	Seat of the parish of the same name suppressed in 1569, and from 1560 of the confraternity of the Neri or of Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte
San Giovanni in Fonte [37]	Piazza Papa Gelasio 41°12′33″N13°35′13″E / 41.2090483°N 13.586981°E / 41.2090483; 13.586981	Before 1003	?	Romanesque	Vanished	Baptistery of the cathedral
San Giorgio [46]	Salita Chiaromonte 41°12′31″N13°35′21″E / 41.2084786°N 13.5890761°E / 41.2084786; 13.5890761	Before 604	?	Romanesque	Vanished	Seat of the "mitred" parish of the same name, suppressed in 1569
San Giuda Taddeo [47]	Via Angioina 41°12′43″N13°34′49″E / 41.2118602°N 13.5802488°E / 41.2118602; 13.5802488	1855		Neo-Gothic	Deconsecrated
San Giuliano [48]	Via de Lieto 41°12′34″N13°34′55″E / 41.209419°N 13.582070°E / 41.209419; 13.582070	?	?	?	Vanished
Immacolata Concezione or Cappella d'Oro [31]	Via Annunziata 41°12′43″N13°34′51″E / 41.2119256°N 13.5809385°E / 41.2119256; 13.5809385	1321	1513	Renaissance	Deconsecrated	Inside the Santissima Annunziata complex
Sant'Irene [49]	Salita della Colonna 41°12′30″N13°35′14″E / 41.20831°N 13.58723°E / 41.20831; 13.58723	Before 609	?	Romanesque	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1569
San Leonardo [50]	Via Faustina 41°12′37″N13°34′57″E / 41.2102258°N 13.5825049°E / 41.2102258; 13.5825049	1225	?	?	Vanished	Belonging to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
San Ludovico or San Luise [51]	Via Angioina 41°12′29″N13°35′02″E / 41.2079905°N 13.5837849°E / 41.2079905; 13.5837849	Before 1390	?	?	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, transferred in 1440 to the church of Santa Maria della Porta
Santa Lucia [52] formerly Santa Maria in Pensulis	Via Ladislao 41°12′30″N13°35′20″E / 41.20836°N 13.58878°E / 41.20836; 13.58878	11th century	13th century	Romanesque	Deconsecrated	Home of the "mitred" parish of the same name, transferred in 1972 to Santa Caterina d'Alessandria, and of the confraternity of San Filippo Neri
Madonna della Solitudine or della Soledad [53]	Lungomare Caboto 41°12′47″N13°34′32″E / 41.2131939°N 13.5756749°E / 41.2131939; 13.5756749	1628		Baroque	Occasionally officiated	Inside Porta Carlo V
Santa Maria dell'Arco [54]	Via Angioina 41°12′35″N13°34′56″E / 41.209766°N 13.582169°E / 41.209766; 13.582169	?	?	?	Vanished	Patronage of the Antoniani family
Santa Maria del Castello [55]	Salita Castello 41°12′27″N13°35′05″E / 41.207423°N 13.5846876°E / 41.207423; 13.5846876	Around 1820	?	Neoclassical	Officiated	Military chaplaincy of the Nautical School of the Guardia di Finanza
Santa Maria della Maina [36]	Via Aragonese 41°12′27″N13°35′16″E / 41.2076001°N 13.5877181°E / 41.2076001; 13.5877181	?	12th century	Romanesque	Vanished, but the bell tower, incorporated in the convent of San Domenico, still exists	Annexed to a Benedictine convent until 1438, it was the seat of the parish of the same name, which was transferred in the 1440s to the subsequent church of San Domenico
Santa Maria del Monte [56]	Via Aragonese 41°12′29″N13°35′10″E / 41.208182°N 13.58615°E / 41.208182; 13.58615	14th century	20th century	Baroque	Deconsecrated	Formerly a hermitage
Santa Maria della Porta or fuori Porta [57] also known as San Ludovico or San Luise	Piazza Commestibili 41°12′31″N13°35′03″E / 41.2087460°N 13.5843026°E / 41.2087460; 13.5843026	Before 899	?	?	Vanished	Formerly the seat of the parish of the same name, from 1440 the seat of the parish of St. Louis, transferred in 1773 to the church of the Holy Spirit
Santa Maria della Sanità or San Camillo [58]	Via Faustina 41°12′40″N13°34′54″E / 41.2112496°N 13.5816708°E / 41.2112496; 13.5816708	1617	1673	Baroque	Vanished	Annexed to the convent of the Camillians, suppressed in 1806
Santa Maria della Sorresca [59]	Via Duomo 41°12′33″N13°35′08″E / 41.20907°N 13.5854471°E / 41.20907; 13.5854471	1617	19th century	Baroque	Not officiated
Santa Maria di Torre d'Oria e San Gaetano [60]	Lungomare Caboto 41°12′47″N13°34′27″E / 41.2131444°N 13.5741512°E / 41.2131444; 13.5741512	Before 1600	?	Baroque	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1707
Santa Marina or Santa Marinella [61]	Via degli Albito 41°12′33″N13°35′08″E / 41.2090343°N 13.5855106°E / 41.2090343; 13.5855106	?	?	?	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name existing before 1443
San Martino [35]	Via Santa Maria Ausiliatrice 41°12′32″N13°34′55″E / 41.2089544°N 13.5818289°E / 41.2089544; 13.5818289	?	?	Gothic	Deconsecrated	Annexed to the monastery first of the Benedictine monks, then of the Carthusian monks; under the patronage of the Gaetani family of Castelmola.
San Matteo Vecchio [62]	Via Bausan 41°12′33″N13°35′18″E / 41.2092997°N 13.5884692°E / 41.2092997; 13.5884692	Before 1100	?	?	Vanished	Owned by the Baraballo family until 1528, then by the Gattola family
San Matteo [62]	Via Angioina 41°12′40″N13°34′52″E / 41.211228°N 13.581186°E / 41.211228; 13.581186	After 1536	?	?	Vanished	Patronage of the Gattola family
San Montano [63]	Via Nazario Sauro 41°12′28″N13°35′21″E / 41.2078349°N 13.5891658°E / 41.2078349; 13.5891658	1673	?	Baroque	Vanished	Annexed to the monastery of the Franciscan Tertiaries until 1809
San Montano Vecchio [35]	Piazza Cavallo 41°12′32″N13°35′16″E / 41.2089137°N 13.5878214°E / 41.2089137; 13.5878214	?	?	Gothic	Vanished
Natività di Maria or dell'Ulivo [64] formerly San Giacomo degli Spagnoli	Via Angioina 41°12′48″N13°34′40″E / 41.2134673°N 13.5778293°E / 41.2134673; 13.5778293	Before 1000	1854	Baroque	Not officiated	Formerly the seat of the arch-confraternity of the Bianchi or dell'Ulivo
San Nicola di Bari [65]	Salita degli Albito 41°12′30″N13°35′20″E / 41.20836°N 13.58878°E / 41.20836; 13.58878	Before 958	14th century	Gothic	Partially collapsed, in a state of neglect	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1809
San Nicola da Tolentino [66]	Via Bausan 41°12′34″N13°35′20″E / 41.2094325°N 13.5890156°E / 41.2094325; 13.5890156	1606	?	?	Vanished	Patronage of the Oliva family Formerly Seat of the Nobles of the City
Sant'Onofrio [47]	Via Angioina 41°12′43″N13°34′49″E / 41.2118602°N 13.5802488°E / 41.2118602; 13.5802488	1489	?	?	Vanished
Cappella del Palazzo Arcivescovile	Via Docibile 41°12′33″N13°35′13″E / 41.2092745°N 13.5869712°E / 41.2092745; 13.5869712	1723	2013	Contemporary	Officiated	In the Archbishop's palace
Cappella di Palazzo De Vio [67]	Piazza Cardinale De Vio 41°12′32″N13°35′11″E / 41.2089984°N 13.5863117°E / 41.2089984; 13.5863117	2010s		Contemporary	Not officiated	In Palazzo De Vio, a diocesan seminary from 1771 to the 1960s, originally the Bishop's Palace
San Pantaleone [68]	Salita Beccheria 41°12′31″N13°35′05″E / 41.2085085°N 13.5845956°E / 41.2085085; 13.5845956	?	?	?	Vanished
San Paolo [69]	Salita Casa Tosti 41°12′34″N13°34′59″E / 41.2095448°N 13.5831778°E / 41.2095448; 13.5831778	Before 1357	?	?	Vanished	A dependency of Sant'Angelo in Planciano, then leased to the Antoniani family for use as a private oratory
San Pietro Apostolo or del Porto [70]	Via Pio IX 41°12′34″N13°35′25″E / 41.2093369°N 13.5902567°E / 41.2093369; 13.5902567	Before 954	?	?	Vanished	Seat of the "mitred" parish of the same name, transferred to San Giovanni della Porta in 1805
Beato Pio IX [33]	Via Santissima Trinità 41°12′21″N13°34′16″E / 41.2058618°N 13.5710862°E / 41.2058618; 13.5710862	Second half of the 19th century	?	Rococo	Not officiated	Inside the sanctuary of the Holy Trinity
Santi Quaranta Martiri [71]	Via Annunziata 41°12′43″N13°34′51″E / 41.2118232°N 13.5807392°E / 41.2118232; 13.5807392	?	?	?	Vanished
San Quirico [30]	Via Nazario Sauro 41°12′28″N13°35′19″E / 41.207785°N 13.5886518°E / 41.207785; 13.5886518	Before 1024	?	?	Vanished	Annexed to a monastery of Benedictine nuns until the second half of the 15th century, then a convent of Franciscan Tertiaries Formerly the seat of the parish of the same name
Cappella Reale del Castello Inferiore [72]	Via Angioina 41°12′27″N13°35′02″E / 41.207601°N 13.5838491°E / 41.207601; 13.5838491	1850	?	Neoclassical	Deconsecrated	In the west tower of the Lower Castle
Cappella Reale del Castello Superiore [73]	Salita Castello 41°12′26″N13°35′10″E / 41.207317°N 13.58616°E / 41.207317; 13.58616	Around 1445	?	Gothic	Vanished	In the eastern curtain wall of the Upper Castle
Santa Reparata [42]	?	Before 1393	?	?	Vanished
San Salvatore [74] then San Giacomo degli Italiani	Vicolo Caetani 41°13′N13°35′E / 41.21°N 13.59°E / 41.21; 13.59	Early 11th century	16th century	Baroque	Partially collapsed, converted into a multi-purpose space	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1519
Santa Scolastica [75]	Via Faustina 41°12′42″N13°34′53″E / 41.211531°N 13.581375°E / 41.211531; 13.581375	Before 600	?	?	Vanished	A dependency of the Abbey of Montecassino, once the seat of the confraternity of Santa Maria della Neve or Santa Scolastica
Santi Sebastiano e Rocco [76]	Via Angioina 41°12′44″N13°34′48″E / 41.2121341°N 13.58002°E / 41.2121341; 13.58002	14th century	Around 1650	Gothic	Deconsecrated	Formerly the seat of the confraternity of the same name
San Silvestro [77]	Via Aragonese, Vico I 41°12′28″N13°35′14″E / 41.2078195°N 13.587187°E / 41.2078195; 13.587187	Before 1186	?	Romanesque	Incorporated into other buildings	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1569
San Silviniano [78]	Salita degli Albito 41°12′32″N13°35′06″E / 41.2089233°N 13.5851324°E / 41.2089233; 13.5851324	Before 903	?	Romanesque	Incorporated into other buildings	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1569
Spirito Santo [79]	Piazza Livio Bonelli 41°12′39″N13°34′56″E / 41.2108918°N 13.5822822°E / 41.2108918; 13.5822822	14th century	1771	Gothic	Vanished	Formerly the seat of the confraternity of the Holy Spirit and from 1771 that of St. Gregory; from 1773 the seat of the parish of St. Louis
Santo Stefano [80]	Via San Giovanni 41°12′50″N13°33′46″E / 41.2138232°N 13.5627409°E / 41.2138232; 13.5627409	Before 1384	?	Gothic	Incorporated into other buildings	Formerly the seat of the parish of the same name
Santi Teodoro e Martino or San Teodoro [81]	Via Angioina 41°12′28″N13°35′04″E / 41.207891°N 13.5844685°E / 41.207891; 13.5844685	Before 906	Around 1445	Gothic	Incorporated into the Angevin castle	Annexed to a Benedictine monastery until 1436
San Tommaso Apostolo [82] then del Rosario	Via Aragonese 41°12′29″N13°35′13″E / 41.2080409°N 13.5869634°E / 41.2080409; 13.5869634	Before 1135	17th-18th century	Baroque	Officiated	Seat of the "mitred" parish of the same name until 1809, seat of the Confraternity of the Rosary from 1809 onwards
Santissima Trinità [33]	Via Santissima Trinità 41°12′20″N13°34′14″E / 41.2055162°N 13.5704602°E / 41.2055162; 13.5704602	Before 1000	17th century	Baroque	Officiated	First attached to the Benedictine Monastery, then to the Order of Friars Minor, and now to the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions.
San Vito [83]	Salita degli Albito 41°12′31″N13°35′09″E / 41.2086522°N 13.5859717°E / 41.2086522; 13.5859717	Before 1262	?	?	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1569

Places of worship outside the city walls

Name	Location	Foundation	Last significant interventions	Prevailing architectural style	Current status	Notes	Image
Santissima Addolorata al Colle	Via del Colle 41°13′05″N13°33′26″E / 41.2180801°N 13.5573115°E / 41.2180801; 13.5573115	1841	1941	?	Not officiated	Owned first by the Buongiovanni family, then by the Di Fonzo family
Sant'Agostino a Vivano [84]	Piana di Sant'Agostino 41°13′43″N13°30′23″E / 41.228627°N 13.506346°E / 41.228627; 13.506346	Before 1061	?	?	Vanished
Sant'Ambrogio [85]	Via Conca 41°14′22″N13°33′53″E / 41.239448°N 13.5646661°E / 41.239448; 13.5646661	13th century	14th century	Gothic	Deconsecrated	Rectory suppressed in 1481
Sant'Andrea [86]	Formerly at Vico 26 Corso Attico 41°13′34″N13°33′59″E / 41.2260858°N 13.5662626°E / 41.2260858; 13.5662626	Before 1459	?	?	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1628 Patronage of the Gattola family
Sant'Angelo dei Marzi [87]	Via Sant'Angelo 41°15′27″N13°33′27″E / 41.2573876°N 13.5576051°E / 41.2573876; 13.5576051	Before 1185	-	Gothic	Deconsecrated	Belonging to the Benedictine monks
Sant'Antonio di Padova [88]	Salita Cappuccini 41°13′16″N13°34′02″E / 41.2212292°N 13.5670849°E / 41.2212292; 13.5670849	Around 1715	20th century	Baroque	Deconsecrated	Annexed to a convent of Capuchin friars suppressed in 1866
Santi Apostoli [89]	Viale Battaglione Alpini Piemonte 41°12′53″N13°34′14″E / 41.2147987°N 13.5704888°E / 41.2147987; 13.5704888	Before 1711	?	Baroque	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed in 1815
Santi Carlo e Anna or San Carlo [90]	Lungomare Giovanni Caboto 41°13′43″N13°33′59″E / 41.2286929°N 13.5664684°E / 41.2286929; 13.5664684	1628	Second half of the 20th century	Baroque	Officiated	Seat of the parish of San Carlo Borromeo, formerly of the brotherhood of the Guardian Angel
Cappella della Casa della Vita	Via del Colle 41°13′03″N13°33′08″E / 41.2174114°N 13.5520999°E / 41.2174114; 13.5520999	Second half of the 1950s	-	Contemporary	Officiated	Inside the Casa della Vita
Santi Cosma e Damiano [91] also known as San Cosmo Vecchio	Via dell'Indipendenza 41°13′24″N13°34′09″E / 41.2232067°N 13.5692666°E / 41.2232067; 13.5692666	Around 800	Mid-20th century	Gothic	Officiated	Home of the parish of the same name, transferred in 1944 to the church of Santa Maria di Porto Salvo, former home of the "Elena" Rosary Confraternity
Santa Fortunata [92]	Serapo	?	?	?	Vanished
San Giacomo [93]	Via San Giacomo-Collemare 41°15′31″N13°32′43″E / 41.2587457°N 13.5453884°E / 41.2587457; 13.5453884	?	?	?	Vanished	Dependence of the monastery of San Martino of Itri
San Giacomo Apostolo [94] formerly San Giacomo di Terra Rossa	Via della Indipendenza 41°13′N13°34′E / 41.22°N 13.57°E / 41.22; 13.57	Early 16th century	1957	Baroque Contemporary	Officiated	Home of the parish and confraternity of San Francesco Former home of the confraternity of San Gregorio
San Giacomo di Galizia [95]	Via San Giacomo 41°13′47″N13°34′00″E / 41.2297959°N 13.5667255°E / 41.2297959; 13.5667255	1357	?	?	Vanished	Annexed to a monastery of Carthusian monks until 1851
San Lorenzo in Pontone [96]	Along the river Pontone	Before 830	?	?	Vanished
Santa Maria delle Grazie, San Francesco d'Assisi e San Silvestro  [ it ] or Madonna di Casalarga [97]	Via Sant'Agostino 41°13′57″N13°32′43″E / 41.2324302°N 13.5451599°E / 41.2324302; 13.5451599	Before the 17th century	1955	?	Occasionally officiated
Madonna di Casaregola [98]	Via Sant'Agostino 41°13′59″N13°32′25″E / 41.2330614°N 13.5402751°E / 41.2330614; 13.5402751	Before 1180	?	?	Vanished	Rectory suppressed in 1481
Santissima Immacolata e Anime Sante del Purgatorio or Madonna della Catena [99]	Via Catena 41°12′36″N13°32′56″E / 41.2100044°N 13.5488302°E / 41.2100044; 13.5488302	1635	20th century	Baroque	Not officiated	Owned by the Gattola family, hermitage and sanctuary; annexed to a convent of the Adorers of the Blood of Christ until the early 2000s
Madonna della Civita [100]	Via Conca 41°14′21″N13°34′09″E / 41.239294°N 13.569119°E / 41.239294; 13.569119	1950s	?	?	Deconsecrated	Annexed to an institute of the Servants of Charity
Madonna del Colle [101]	Via del Colle 41°13′57″N13°32′43″E / 41.2324302°N 13.5451599°E / 41.2324302; 13.5451599	Before the 17th century	1882	?	Occasionally officiated
Santa Maria Bambina or Madonna di Conca [102]	Via Conca 41°13′57″N13°32′43″E / 41.2324302°N 13.5451599°E / 41.2324302; 13.5451599	1639	?	?	Occasionally officiated	Former dependency of the monastery of Santa Caterina
Madonna delle Grazie ad Arcella [103]	Lungomare Caboto 41°14′36″N13°34′35″E / 41.2432084°N 13.5763222°E / 41.2432084; 13.5763222	?	?	?	Vanished
Madonna di Longato [104]	Via Sant'Agostino 41°13′57″N13°31′48″E / 41.2324162°N 13.530104°E / 41.2324162; 13.530104	1832	1882	-	Not officiated
Madonna della Treglia [105]	Lungomare Caboto 41°13′53″N13°34′02″E / 41.2314861°N 13.5673444°E / 41.2314861; 13.5673444	Before 1829	?	?	Vanished	Former dependency of the monastery of San Giacomo di Galizia
Madonnella di Serapo [106]	Via Torino 41°12′46″N13°33′50″E / 41.212671°N 13.5638303°E / 41.212671; 13.5638303	?	?	?	Vanished
Santi Maria, Agata e Onofrio or Sant'Agata [107]	Colle Sant'Agata 41°13′41″N13°33′42″E / 41.228041°N 13.561528°E / 41.228041; 13.561528	1327	-	Gothic	Deconsecrated, in a state of ruin	Annexed to a convent of the Third Order Regular of St. Francis, later of the Friars Minor, suppressed in 1809
Santa Maria del Buon Cammino [108]	Montesecco 41°12′45″N13°34′15″E / 41.2124792°N 13.5709047°E / 41.2124792; 13.5709047	?	?	?	Vanished
Santa Maria di Monte Ospedale or Madonna della Cappella [108]	Via IV Novembre 41°12′54″N13°34′03″E / 41.2150637°N 13.5676251°E / 41.2150637; 13.5676251	After 1100	?	?	Vanished	Belonging to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Santa Maria della Pietà [108]	Montesecco 41°12′43″N13°34′16″E / 41.211940°N 13.571172°E / 41.211940; 13.571172	Around 1580	?	?	Vanished	Annexed to a convent of Capuchin friars suppressed in 1707
Santa Maria Assunta al Pizzone [109]	Lungomare Caboto 41°13′55″N13°34′03″E / 41.2318816°N 13.5673613°E / 41.2318816; 13.5673613	17th century	?	?	Vanished	Owned by the Chinappi family
Santa Maria di Porto Salvo [110] also known as degli Scalzi	Salita degli Scalzi 41°13′N13°34′E / 41.22°N 13.57°E / 41.22; 13.57	1624	-	Baroque	Officiated	Annexed to a convent of Discalced Augustinians suppressed in 1806, formerly the seat of the confraternity of Santa Maria di Porto Salvo, since 1944 the seat of the parish of Santi Cosma e Damiano
Santa Maria del Suffragio [111]	Via Giuseppe Garibaldi 41°13′N13°34′E / 41.22°N 13.56°E / 41.22; 13.56	1850	-	Neoclassical	Not officiated	In the municipal cemetery
Asceterio di San Nilo [35]	Montesecco 41°12′50″N13°34′05″E / 41.2138199°N 13.5681206°E / 41.2138199; 13.5681206	994	-	?	Vanished	Italian Basilian Monastery of Grottaferrata
San Nilo Vecchio [112]	Via San Nilo 41°12′46″N13°33′42″E / 41.2129153°N 13.5616286°E / 41.2129153; 13.5616286	1938	-	-	Vanished
San Nilo Abate [113]	Via San Nilo 41°12′46″N13°33′42″E / 41.2129153°N 13.5616286°E / 41.2129153; 13.5616286	1965	-	Contemporary	Officiated	Home to the parish of the same name, a sanctuary since 2014
Nostra Signora di Lourdes	Via Monte Altino 41°13′52″N13°33′17″E / 41.2310215°N 13.5546104°E / 41.2310215; 13.5546104	1980s	-	Contemporary	Officiated	On the first floor of a residential building
Nostra Signora della Misericordia	Via Atratina 41°13′05″N13°33′58″E / 41.2179375°N 13.5661632°E / 41.2179375; 13.5661632	1926	-	Neoclassical	Officiated	Inside the convent of the nuns of St. Marie Madeleine Postel
Beato Oliver Plunkett e Santi Martiri Irlandesi [114]	Lungomare Caboto 41°14′41″N13°34′34″E / 41.244722°N 13.5761868°E / 41.244722; 13.5761868	1930s	-	Eclectic	Deconsecrated	Inside the former summer residence of the Pontifical Irish College
Cappella dell'Ospedale Luigi Di Liegro	Salita Cappuccini 41°13′17″N13°34′00″E / 41.221507°N 13.5667608°E / 41.221507; 13.5667608	1980	-	Contemporary	Not officiated	Inside the Luigi Di Liegro Hospital
San Paolo Apostolo [115]	Piazza Trieste 41°12′42″N13°33′54″E / 41.2116756°N 13.5649001°E / 41.2116756; 13.5649001	1964	-	Contemporary	Officiated	Seat of the parish of the same name
Santi Procolo, Stefano e Madonna della Civita or San Procolo [116]	Via della Indipendenza 41°13′27″N13°34′05″E / 41.2242661°N 13.5680538°E / 41.2242661; 13.5680538	?	?	Baroque	Vanished	Patronage of the Gattola family, since 1858 seat of the confraternity of Santo Stefano
San Raffaele [117]	Via Conca 41°14′22″N13°34′08″E / 41.239521°N 13.5688072°E / 41.239521; 13.5688072	1890s	-	Contemporary	Not officiated	Formerly owned by the Chinappi family, inside the former diocesan seminary
San Sergio vecchio [118]	Piazza della Libertà 41°12′54″N13°34′13″E / 41.215066°N 13.5701706°E / 41.215066; 13.5701706	Before 1375	?	?	Vanished
San Sergio nuovo [118]	Piazza della Libertà 41°12′55″N13°34′16″E / 41.2152582°N 13.5711316°E / 41.2152582; 13.5711316	1638	?	?	Vanished	Seat of the parish of the same name, suppressed before 1711 Patronage of the Guastaferri family
Santo Spirito del Borgo [119]	Via della Indipendenza 41°13′16″N13°34′09″E / 41.221003°N 13.569101°E / 41.221003; 13.569101	Before 1390	?	?	Deconsecrated	Belonged to the Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit until 1847, then to the Vendittis family (in whose palace it is located) Formerly the seat of the confraternity of the Madonna degli Angeli from around 1600, and officiated until the 1950s
Spirito Santo, Beata Vergine Maria e San Giovanni Evangelista or Santo Spirito di Zennone [120]	Piana di Arzano 41°14′12″N13°33′35″E / 41.2365764°N 13.5596759°E / 41.2365764; 13.5596759	1295	-	Gothic	Deconsecrated, in a state of ruin	Annexed to the Cistercian abbey of the same name until about 1750
Santo Stefano Protomartire	Via dei Frassini 41°13′03″N13°33′14″E / 41.2174423°N 13.5538131°E / 41.2174423; 13.5538131	2009	-	Contemporary	Officiated	Seat of the parish of the same name
Cappella di villa Mendoza [121]	Via Gastone Maresca 41°13′01″N13°33′38″E / 41.21686°N 13.560672°E / 41.21686; 13.560672	19th century	?	?	Vanished
San Vitale [122]	Via dell'Agricoltura 41°14′28″N13°32′58″E / 41.241113°N 13.5494274°E / 41.241113; 13.5494274	14th century	?	Gothic	Deconsecrated, in a state of ruin	Inside a grange of Cistercian monks

Non-Catholic places of worship

Name	Location
Seventh-day Adventist Church [123]	Via dei Frassini 41°13′04″N13°33′37″E / 41.2176428°N 13.5602942°E / 41.2176428; 13.5602942
"Emmanuele" Evangelical Christian Church	Via della Indipendenza 41°13′22″N13°34′02″E / 41.222817°N 13.5671735°E / 41.222817; 13.5671735
"L'Oasi" Pentecostal Evangelical Christian Church [124]	Vico Orticello 41°13′25″N13°34′10″E / 41.2236957°N 13.5693781°E / 41.2236957; 13.5693781
Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses	Via San Giacomo 41°13′49″N13°34′00″E / 41.2303881°N 13.5665441°E / 41.2303881; 13.5665441

See also

• Gaeta

References

1. Fronzuto (2001 , p. 170.)
2. Fiengo (1971 , p. 48.)
3. Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 9–14.)
4. Allaria (1970 , p. 13.)
5. Fiengo (1971 , p. 70.)
6. Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 145–147.)
7. Vella, Alessandro (2016). "Formia. S. Erasmo. Ecclesia". Fana, Templa, Delubra. Corpus dei Luoghi di Culto dell'Italia Antica. Institut des civilisations. Parigi: Collège de France: 47–57. ISBN   9788871406015.
8. "Il battesimo di Sant'Efisio a Gaeta". telefree.it. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
9. Corbo & Corbo (1985 , p. 17.)
10. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958a , p. 97).
11. Corbo & Corbo (1985).
12. Capobianco (2000 , p. 366.)
13. Ferraro (1903 , p. 245).
14. Allaria (1970).
15. Macaro (2008 , pp. 39–41).
16. Capobianco (2000 , tav. 39.)
17. Bertolotti (1886 , p. 582).
18. "La Parrocchia di San Biagio Vescovo e Martire a Gaeta". arcidiocesigaeta.it. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
19. Tallini (2006 , p. 249.)
20. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 212–213); Allaria (1970 , pp. 51–52); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 85–91); Tallini (2006 , p. 426).
21. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 247–249); Allaria (1970 , pp. 59–60); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
22. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1960 , p. 177.)
23. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 195–198); Allaria (1970 , pp. 53–55); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 131–133); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
24. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 224–234); Allaria (1970 , pp. 48–50); Fiengo (1971 , pp. 89–90); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 56–78); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
25. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 245–246); Capobianco (1991 , pp. 144–146); Allaria (1970 , p. 55); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 168); Tallini (2006 , p. 423).
26. Allaria (1970 , pp. 12–13); Tallini (2006 , p. 423).
27. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 211, 246); Allaria (1970 , p. 58); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
28. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 178–179); Allaria (1970 , pp. 6–7); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 167); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
29. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 210–211); Allaria (1970 , pp. 55–58); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
30. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 180–182); Allaria (1970 , pp. 9–11); Fiengo (1971 , pp. 85–87); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 119–122); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
31. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 234–242); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 68–70).
32. Blois (1854 , pp. 30, 46, 197, 200, 206.)
33. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 198–208); Ferraro (1903 , pp. 253–277); Allaria (1970 , pp. 60–61); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 104–108).
34. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , p. 12.)
35. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna.)
36. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 179–180); Allaria (1970 , pp. 26–30); Fiengo (1971 , pp. 87–89); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 111–118); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
37. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 163–176); Allaria (1970 , pp. 22–25); Fiengo (1971 , pp. 72–85); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 111–118); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
38. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 203–204); "Gaeta, Santuario della Trinità, Cappella di San Filippo alla Montagna Spaccata".; "Gaeta, Santuario della Trinità o della Montagna Spaccata"..
39. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 190–194); Allaria (1970 , pp. 44–47); Fiengo (1971 , pp. 90–91); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 79–83); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
40. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 177–178); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
41. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 184); Allaria (1970 , p. 34); Fiengo (1971 , pp. 59–67); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 128–130); Tallini (2006 , p. 423).
42. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1960 , p. 98.)
43. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 223–224); Allaria (1970 , pp. 17–20); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 170); Avallone (2006); Tallini (2006 , p. 423); .
44. Allaria (1970 , pp. 41–42); Tallini (2006 , p. 423); Cesarale, Magliozzi & Di Ciaccio (2010a , p. 270).
45. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 222–223); Allaria (1970 , pp. 16–17); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 169–170); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
46. Allaria (1970 , pp. 8–9); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
47. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 193–194); Allaria (1970 , pp. 50–51); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 171); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
48. Leccese (1958 , p. 45.)
49. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Tallini (2006 , p. 422.)
50. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Leccese (1958 , p. 45); Tallini (2006 , p. 423); Cesarale, Magliozzi & Di Ciaccio (2010a , p. 270).
51. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Leccese (1958 , p. 60), Allaria (1970 , pp. 39–40).
52. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 311–314); Allaria (1970 , pp. 13–14); Fiengo (1971 , pp. 67–72); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 123–127); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
53. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 208–210); Allaria (1970 , pp. 58–59); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 165); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
54. Cesarale, Magliozzi & Di Ciaccio (2010b , p. 703).
55. Scalesse (2011 , p. 53).
56. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 183–184); Allaria (1970 , pp. 32–33); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 170); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
57. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Leccese (1958 , p. 60), Allaria (1970 , pp. 38–39); Leccese, Salvatore (1974). "La tomba di Sebastiano Conca". Gazzetta di Gaeta. 1 (8). Gaeta: La Poligrafica: 5–7.
58. Capobianco (1986 , pp. 32–33, 39); Allaria (1970 , p. 48); Tallini (2006 , p. 425)
59. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 242–243); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 98–103); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
60. Allaria (1970 , p. 61); Tallini (2006 , p. 425), Tallini (2013 , p. 168).
61. Ferraro (1903 , p. 242); Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Capobianco (2000 , II, p. 366).
62. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 249); Allaria (1970 , p. 21); Tallini (2006 , p. 423).
63. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , p. 87); Allaria (1970 , pp. 11–12).
64. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 188–190); Allaria (1970 , pp. 40–41); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 95–97); Tallini (2006 , p. 423).
65. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 219); Allaria (1970 , p. 20); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 170–171); Tallini (2006 , p. 423).
66. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 219); Allaria (1970 , p. 36); Boni (2008 , p. XII).
67. Fronzuto (2001 , p. 183.)
68. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Capobianco (2000 , II, p. 366); Cesarale, Magliozzi & Di Ciaccio (2010b , pp. 1335, 1394).
69. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958a , p. 319); Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , p. 14); Cesarale, Magliozzi & Di Ciaccio (2010b , pp. 699, 703, 1503).
70. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 177); Allaria (1970 , pp. 5–6); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
71. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 214–215); Allaria (1970 , p. 43); Tallini (2006 , p. 426).
72. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 261); Leccese (1958 , p. 61).
73. Scalesse (2011 , p. 49); Leccese (1958 , p. 68).
74. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 220–222); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 167); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
75. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 214–215); Allaria (1970 , pp. 43–44).
76. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 194–195); Allaria (1970 , pp. 52–53); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
77. Allaria (1970 , pp. 30–31); Tallini (2006 , p. 423); Leccese (1958 , pp. 62–63).
78. Allaria (1970 , pp. 36–37); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
79. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 216–217); Allaria (1970 , p. 42); Leccese, Salvatore (1974). "La tomba di Sebastiano Conca". Gazzetta di Gaeta. 1 (8). Gaeta: La Poligrafica: 5–7.; Fronzuto (2001 , p. 169); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
80. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
81. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958b , Gaeta medievale e moderna); Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 184–187, 266); Allaria (1970 , pp. 35–36); Leccese (1958 , pp. 58–59); Tallini (2006 , p. 422); Cesarale, Magliozzi & Di Ciaccio (2010a , p. 270); Scalesse (2011 , p. 49).
82. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 182–183); Allaria (1970 , pp. 31–32); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 92–94); Tallini (2006 , p. 423).
83. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 183); Allaria (1970 , pp. 33–34); Tallini (2006 , p. 424).
84. Capobianco (1991 , pp. 27–28).
85. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958a , pp. 532–537); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 173).
86. Ferraro (1903 , p. 248); Allaria (1970 , p. 63).
87. Allaria (1970 , p. 69); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 174); Tallini (2006 , p. 425); Capobianco (1991 , pp. 26–27).
88. Salemme (1939 , pp. 13, 136–138); Allaria (1970 , p. 69); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 172).
89. Allaria (1970 , p. 62); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
90. Allaria (1970 , p. 68); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 157, 199); Tallini (2006 , p. 245).
91. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , pp. 370–373); Ferraro (1903 , pp. 248–249); Allaria (1970 , pp. 65–67); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 152–153); Tallini (2006 , p. 422).
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93. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958a , p. 107).
94. Ferraro (1903 , p. 250); Allaria (1970 , pp. 63–65); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 154–156); Tallini (2006 , p. 425); De Santis (1967 , pp. 81–84).
95. Salemme (1939 , pp. 139–140); F. Del Pozzone, Il monastero di San Giacomo di Galizia, in Associazione Culturale Golfo Eventi (2018 , pp. 88–94).
96. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958a , pp. 283, 331); Capobianco (1991 , p. 27).
97. Capobianco, Paolo (1982). "La Madonna di Casalarga". L'Eco di San Giacolo. 5 (13 (48)): 2.; Fronzuto (2001 , p. 166); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
98. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1958a , pp. 305–307); Capobianco (2000 , p. 366); Tallini (2006 , pp. 62, 423).
99. Capobianco (1991 , pp. 74–75); Allaria (1970 , pp. 62–63); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 158); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
100. Capobianco (2000 , tav. 62.)
101. Fronzuto (2001 , p. 165); Tallini (2013 , p. 199)
102. Capobianco (1979 , p. 12); Capobianco, Paolo (1985). "La chiesa della 'Natività di Maria' o di 'Nostra Signora di Conca'". L'Eco di San Giacolo. 8 (9 (143)): 2.; Fronzuto (2001 , p. 166); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
103. Tallini (2006 , pp. 246, 311.)
104. Fronzuto (2001 , p. 166); Tallini (2006 , pp. 11, 246, 314).
105. Tallini (2006 , pp. 246, 314.); F. Del Pozzone, La cappella della Madonna della "Treglia", in Associazione Culturale Golfo Eventi (2018 , pp. 79–86)
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107. Salemme (1939 , pp. 138–139); Allaria (1970 , pp. 67–68); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 172–173); Tallini (2006 , 424).
108. Capobianco (1979 , p. 15).
109. F. Del Pozzone, L'antica cappella dell'Assunta (località Pizzone), in Associazione Culturale Golfo Eventi (2018 , pp. 72–76)
110. Salemme (1939 , p. 135.); Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 145–151); Tallini (2006 , p. 425).
111. Gaetani d'Aragona (1885 , p. 25); Capobianco (1979 , p. 15); Fronzuto (2001 , p. 159).
112. Fronzuto (2001 , p. 162.)
113. Fronzuto (2001 , pp. 162–163); Tallini (2006 , p. 426).
114. "Il convento". villairlanda.it. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
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116. Tallini (2006 , p. 386.)
117. Capobianco (1973 , p. 27.)
118. Ferraro (1903 , pp. 249–250); Allaria (1970 , p. 62); Tallini (2006 , p. 425); Capobianco (1991 , pp. 24–25).
119. Salemme (1939 , pp. 141–142); Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus (1960 , p. 75); De Santis (1967 , pp. 81–84).
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