Civetone

Last updated
Civetone
Civetone.png
Civetone 3D ball.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
(9Z)-Cycloheptadec-9-en-1-one
Other names
cis-Civetone; 9-Cycloheptadecen-1-one; Cycloheptadeca-9-en-1-one; (Z)-9-Cyclohepta-decen-1-one
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.008.013 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 208‐813‐4
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C17H30O/c18-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-17/h1-2H,3-16H2/b2-1- Yes check.svgY
    Key: ZKVZSBSZTMPBQR-UPHRSURJSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/C17H30O/c18-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-17/h1-2H,3-16H2/b2-1-
    Key: ZKVZSBSZTMPBQR-UPHRSURJBS
  • O=C1CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCC1
Properties
C17H30O
Molar mass 250.426 g·mol−1
AppearanceCrystalline solid
Density 0.917 at 33 °C
Melting point 31 to 32 °C (88 to 90 °F; 304 to 305 K)
Boiling point 342 °C (648 °F; 615 K)
Solubility in oils soluble
Solubility in ethanol soluble
Solubility in water slightly soluble
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Civetone is a macrocyclic ketone and the main odorous constituent of civet oil. [1] It is a pheromone sourced from the African civet. It has a strong musky odor that becomes pleasant at extreme dilutions. [2] Civetone is closely related to muscone, the principal odoriferous compound found in musk; the structure of both compounds was elucidated by Leopold Ružička. [3] Today, civetone can be synthesized from precursor chemicals found in palm oil. [4]

Contents

Uses

Civetone is a synthetic musk used as a perfume fixative and flavor.

In order to attract jaguars to camera traps, field biologists have used the Calvin Klein-brand male cologne Obsession. It is believed that the civetone in the cologne resembles a territorial marking. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Perfumes can be defined as substances that emit and diffuse a pleasant and fragrant odor. They consist of manmade mixtures of aromatic chemicals and essential oils. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Musk</span> Class of aromatic substances used in perfumes

Musk is a class of aromatic substances commonly used as base notes in perfumery. They include glandular secretions from animals such as the musk deer, numerous plants emitting similar fragrances, and artificial substances with similar odors. Musk was a name originally given to a substance with a strong odor obtained from a gland of the musk deer. The substance has been used as a popular perfume fixative since ancient times and is one of the most expensive animal products in the world. The name originates from the Late Greek μόσχος 'moskhos', from Persian mushk and Sanskrit मुष्क muṣka derived from Proto-Indo-European noun múh₂s meaning "mouse". The deer gland was thought to resemble a scrotum. It is applied to various plants and animals of similar smell and has come to encompass a wide variety of aromatic substances with similar odors, despite their often differing chemical structures and molecular shapes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Menthol</span> Organic compound used as flavouring and analgesic

Menthol is an organic compound, more specifically a monoterpenoid, made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints. It is a waxy, clear or white crystalline substance, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leopold Ružička</span> Croatian-Swiss chemist (1887–1976)

Leopold Ružička was a Croatian-Swiss scientist and joint winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" "including the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones." He worked most of his life in Switzerland, and received eight doctorates honoris causa in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.

<i>Merck Index</i> Index of chemicals

The Merck Index is an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals with over 10,000 monographs on single substances or groups of related compounds published online by the Royal Society of Chemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coniine</span> Chemical compound

Coniine is a poisonous chemical compound, an alkaloid present in and isolable from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), where its presence has been a source of significant economic, medical, and historico-cultural interest; coniine is also produced by the yellow pitcher plant (Sarracenia flava), and fool's parsley (Aethusa cynapium). Its ingestion and extended exposure are toxic to humans and all classes of livestock; its mechanism of poisoning involves disruption of the central nervous system, with death caused by respiratory paralysis. The biosynthesis of coniine contains as its penultimate step the non-enzymatic cyclisation of 5-oxooctylamine to γ-coniceine, a Schiff base differing from coniine only by its carbon-nitrogen double bond in the ring. This pathway results in natural coniine that is a mixture—a racemate—composed of two enantiomers, the stereoisomers (S)-(+)-coniine and (R)-(−)-coniine, depending on the direction taken by the chain that branches from the ring. Both enantiomers are toxic, with the (R)-enantiomer being the more biologically active and toxic of the two in general. Coniine holds a place in organic chemistry history as being the first of the important class of alkaloids to be synthesized, by Albert Ladenburg in 1886, and it has been synthesized in the laboratory in a number of unique ways through to modern times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethyl butyrate</span> Chemical compound

Ethyl butyrate, also known as ethyl butanoate, or butyric ether, is an ester with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH3. It is soluble in propylene glycol, paraffin oil, and kerosene. It has a fruity odor, similar to pineapple, and is a key ingredient used as a flavor enhancer in processed orange juices. It also occurs naturally in many fruits, albeit at lower concentrations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinnamic acid</span> Chemical compound

Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5-CH=CH-COOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs naturally in a number of plants. It exists as both a cis and a trans isomer, although the latter is more common.

Myristic acid is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates or tetradecanoates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg, from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulegone</span> Chemical compound

Pulegone is a naturally occurring organic compound obtained from the essential oils of a variety of plants such as Nepeta cataria (catnip), Mentha piperita, and pennyroyal. It is classified as a monoterpene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myrcene</span> Chemical compound

Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is a monoterpene. A colorless oil, it occurs widely in essential oils. It is produced mainly semi-synthetically from Myrcia, from which it gets its name. It is an intermediate in the production of several fragrances. α-Myrcene is the name for the isomer 2-methyl-6-methylene-1,7-octadiene, which has not been found in nature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muscone</span> Chemical compound

Muscone is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civet</span> Mammals of the families Viverridae and Nandiniidae and the genus Fossa

A civet is a small, lean, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term civet applies to over a dozen different species, mostly from the family Viverridae. Most of the species's diversity is found in southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eau de toilette</span> Lightly scented perfume

Eau de toilette is a lightly scented perfume. It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content. It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving. It is traditionally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils. Traditionally these products were named after a principal ingredient; some being geranium water, lavender water, lilac water, violet water, spirit of myrcia and 'eau de Bretfeld'. Because of this, eau de toilette was sometimes referred to as "toilet water".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attar</span> Types of essential oils

Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation. The Persian physician Ibn Sina was first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. Attar can also be expressed by chemical means but generally natural perfumes which qualify as attars are distilled with water. The oils are generally distilled into a wood base such as sandalwood and then aged. The aging period can last from one to ten years depending on the botanicals used and the results desired. Technically attars are distillates of flowers, herbs, spices and other natural materials such as baked soil over sandalwood oil/liquid paraffins using hydrodistillation technique involving a still and receiving vessel. These techniques are still in use today at Kannauj in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Damascone</span> Chemical compound

Damascones are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils. The damascones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascenones and ionones. beta-Damascone is a contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its relatively low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Linalyl acetate</span> Chemical compound

Linalyl acetate is an organic compound, the acetate ester of linalool and a phytochemical found in many flowers and spice plants. It is one of the principal components of the essential oils of bergamot and lavender. It often occurs together with linalool and is a widely used fragrance.

Synthetic musks are a class of synthetic aroma compounds to emulate the scent of deer musk and other animal musks. Synthetic musks have a clean, smooth and sweet scent lacking the fecal notes of animal musks. They are used as flavorings and fixatives in cosmetics, detergents, perfumes and foods, supplying the base note of many perfume formulas. Most musk fragrance used in perfumery today is synthetic.

Civet, also known as civet musk and civet oil, is the glandular secretion produced by both sexes of Viverridae species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5-Cyclohexadecenone</span> Chemical compound

5-Cyclohexadecenone is a macrocyclic synthetic musk with the chemical formula C16H28O. It is an unsaturated analog of cyclohexadecanone. It is also similar in chemical structure to the natural musk scents civetone and muscone.

References

  1. The Merck Index, 15th Ed. (2013), p. 418, Monograph 2334, O'Neil: The Royal Society of Chemistry. Available online at: http://www.rsc.org/Merck-Index/monograph/mono1500002334
  2. Bedoukian, Paul Z. "Perfumery and Flavoring Synthetics", 2nd ed., p. 248, Elsevier, New York, 1967.
  3. Sell, Charles S. (1999). "Ingredients for the Modern Perfumery Industry". In Pybus, David H.; Sell, Charles S. (eds.). The Chemistry of Fragrances (1st ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing. pp. 51–124. ISBN   9780854045280.
  4. Yuen-May Choo, Kay-Eng Ooi and Ing-Hong Ooi (August 1994). "Synthesis of civetone from palm oil products". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. 71 (8): 911–913. doi:10.1007/bf02540473. ISSN   0003-021X. S2CID   85189919.
  5. "You'll Never Guess How Biologists Lure Jaguars To Camera Traps". Scientific American Blog Network.