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The Albanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used to write the Albanian language. It consists of 36 letters:
The Aromanians are an ethnic group native to the southern Balkans who speak Aromanian, an Eastern Romance language. They traditionally live in central and southern Albania, south-western Bulgaria, northern and central Greece and North Macedonia, and can currently be found in central and southern Albania, south-western Bulgaria, south-western and eastern North Macedonia, northern and central Greece, southern Serbia and south-eastern Romania. An Aromanian diaspora living outside these places also exists. The Aromanians are known by several other names, such as "Vlachs" or "Macedo-Romanians".
Moscopole or Voskopoja is a village in Korçë County in southeastern Albania. During the 18th century, it was the cultural and commercial center of the Aromanians. At its peak, in the mid 18th century, it hosted the first printing house in the Ottoman Balkans outside Constantinople, educational institutions and numerous churches. It became a leading center of Greek culture but also with elements of Albanian and Aromanian culture, all with great influence from Western civilization.
Gustav Weigand, was a German linguist and specialist in Balkan languages, especially Romanian and Aromanian. He is known for his seminal contributions to the dialectology of the Romance languages of the Balkans and to the study of the relationships between the languages of the Balkan sprachbund. He has also provided substantial contribution to Aromanian studies, an example of this being the discovery and publication of the contents of the Codex Dimonie.
Daniel of Moscopole or Daniil of Moscopole, also known as Mihali Adami Hagi, was an Aromanian scholar from Moscopole and student of Theodoros Kavalliotis, an 18th/19th-century professor and director of New Academy of Moscopole.
The Aromanian language, also known as Vlach or Macedo-Romanian, is an Eastern Romance language, similar to Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian and Romanian, spoken in Southeastern Europe. Its speakers are called Aromanians or Vlachs.
Theodore Anastasios Kavalliotis was a Greek Orthodox priest, teacher and a figure of the Greek Enlightenment. He is also known for having drafted an Aromanian–Greek–Albanian dictionary.
The St. Athanasius Church, is an Orthodox church in Moscopole, Albania.
The New Academy or Greek Academy was a renowned educational institution, operating from 1743 to 1769 in Moscopole, an 18th-century cultural and commercial metropolis of the Aromanians and leading center of Greek culture in what is now southern Albania. It was nicknamed the "worthiest jewel of the city" and played a very active role in the inception of the modern Greek Enlightenment movement.
Constantine of Berat, known among Albanians as Kostandin Jermonak Berati or shortly Kostë Berati, was an Albanian writer and translator of the 18th century.
Ilo Mitkë Qafzezi was a prolific Albanian scholar and writer of historical and religious subjects. He is known as the translator of the Koran into Albanian in 1921.
The Aromanians in Albania are an officially recognised ethnic minority in Albania.
The Aromanian dialects are the distinct dialects of the Aromanian language. The Aromanians are an ethnic group composed of several subgroups differentiated from each other by, among other things, the dialect they speak. The most important groups are the Pindeans, Gramosteans, Farsherots and Graboveans, each with their respective dialect. The Graboveans and their dialect are referred to by some authors as Moscopoleans and Moscopolean. The Aromanians of the villages of Gopeš and Malovište in North Macedonia also have their own distinctive dialect. A few scholars also add the Olympian dialect spoken in Thessaly, Greece, but the majority view is that Olympian is part of Pindean.
The Aromanian diaspora is any ethnically Aromanian population living outside its traditional homeland in the Balkans. The Aromanians are a small Balkan ethnic group living scattered throughout Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. Historically, they also used to live in other countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, although they have ever since been assimilated.
Mihail Dimonie, also known as Mihael Dimonie, was an Aromanian botanist, teacher and entrepreneur who is recognized as the foremost plant collector in the southern Balkans in the early 20th century before the World War I.
Mihail George Boiagi was an Aromanian grammarian and professor in the Habsburg monarchy and the Austrian Empire. He was born on 3 February 1780 in Buda, today Budapest in Hungary. Boiagi was one of the first grammarians from the Balkans and a professor in a school in Vienna, where he taught Greek. He had origins from Moscopole, today in Albania. Boiagi was one of the main figures of the Aromanian diaspora in Austria and Hungary, the capitals of which, Vienna and Budapest respectively, became gathering centers for members of this community in the 19th century. Boiagi introduced the Aromanian historian Dimitrie Cozacovici to the Aromanian community of Austria and Hungary after Cozacovici's migration from Metsovo, today in Greece, to Buda.
Constantin Ucuta was an Aromanian academic and protopope. He was born in Moscopole, an economically powerful city and Aromanian centre at the time then part of the Ottoman Empire and now part of Albania. He migrated to Posen, in Prussia, and entered in contact with the small Aromanian community in the city, mostly composed by merchants. He became an academic and a protopope, serving in a church in Posen most likely erected by the typically Eastern Orthodox Aromanian merchants of the city. Other details about Ucuta's biography are scarce and poorly known.
The Aromanian Missal is an anonymous Aromanian-language instructive liturgical book (missal) variously referred to as dating from the beginning, the first half, the middle and the second half of the 18th century. It is the first extensive text in Aromanian, and includes translations of sermons and other religious texts into Aromanian. The Aromanian Missal is believed to have been written in Moscopole, once a prosperous Aromanian city, and uses the Greek alphabet due to archaic forms of Greek being considered the appropriate language for high and literary functions in those times within the Balkans. In recent times, the text of the liturgy has begun to circulate more actively among the Aromanians in Albania with support from the Aromanian diaspora. In a 2002 study on the Aromanians, German researcher Thede Kahl stated that priest Thoma sang this Aromanian-language liturgy at the St. Nicholas Church of Moscopole.
Aromanian literature is literature written in the Aromanian language. The first authors to write in Aromanian appeared during the second half of the 18th century in the metropolis of Moscopole, with a true cultured literature in Aromanian being born in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Notable authors include Constantin Belimace, author of the well-known anthem of the Aromanians Dimãndarea pãrinteascã ; Nuși Tulliu, whose novel Mirmintsã fãrã crutsi was the first in Aromanian; and Leon Boga, whose 150-sonnets epic poem Voshopolea ("Moscopole") founded the Aromanian literary trend of the utopian Moscopole. In theatre, Toma Enache has excelled.
References
Citations
- 1 2 3 4 Saramandu & Nevaci 2017, p. 19.
- 1 2 3 Brâncuș 1992, p. 39.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kahl & Prifti 2016, p. 46.
- ↑ Bardu 2007, p. 100.
- ↑ Detrez 2020, p. 9.
- ↑ Bardu 2007, p. 94.
- ↑ Bardu 2007, p. 101.
- ↑ Kahl & Prifti 2016, p. 47.
- ↑ Kahl & Prifti 2016, p. 48.
Bibliography
- Bardu, Nistor (2007). "Eighteenth century Aromanian writers: the Enlightenment and the awakening of national and Balkan consciousness" (PDF). Philologica Jassyensia. 3 (1): 93–102. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2018.
- Brâncuș, Grigore (1992). "Observații asupra structurii vocabularului aromân în Dicționarul lui Daniil Moscopoleanul" (PDF). Studii și cercetări lingvistice (in Romanian). 43 (1): 39–43.
- Detrez, Raymond (2020). "Religion-based cultural communities in the pre-modern Balkans". Slavia Meridionalis. 20: 1–22. doi:10.11649/sm.2144. hdl: 1854/LU-8701396 . S2CID 231800361.
- Kahl, Thede; Prifti, Elton (2016). "Geschichte der Kodifizierung des Aromunischen". In Dahmen, Wolfgang; Holtus, Günter; Kramer, Johannes; Metzeltin, Michael; Schweickard, Wolfgang; Winkelmann, Otto (eds.). Romanische Kleinsprachen heute: Romanistisches Kolloquium XXVII. Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik (in German). Vol. 546. Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. pp. 33–64. ISBN 9783823378815.
- Saramandu, Nicolae; Nevaci, Manuela (2017). "The first Aromanian literature: the teaching writings (Theodor Cavallioti, Daniil Moscopolean, Constantin Ucuta)" (PDF). Studia Albanica . 54 (1): 11–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2023.
