Cohl Furey | |
---|---|
Born | Nichol Furey Canada |
Nationality | Canadian |
Occupation(s) | Physicist, mathematician |
Known for | Application of octonions to the Standard Model |
Academic background | |
Education |
|
Alma mater | University of Waterloo (2015, Ph.D.) |
Thesis | Standard model physics from an algebra? (2015) |
Doctoral advisor | Achim Kempf |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Mathematical physics |
Main interests | Particle physics,division algebras,Clifford algebras,Jordan algebras,octonions |
Website | www |
Cohl Furey,also known as Nichol Furey, [1] is a Canadian mathematical physicist. [2] [3]
Furey has a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from Simon Fraser University (2005),Master's degree from the University of Cambridge (2006) and a Ph.D in theoretical physics from the University of Waterloo (2015). [4] She was a research fellow at the University of Cambridge's Trinity Hall from 2016 to 2019 [5] and spent a few months at the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cape Town. Since 2020,she has been at the Humboldt University of Berlin on a Freigeist Fellowship by the Volkswagen Foundation. [1] [6]
Her main interests are division algebras,Clifford algebras,and Jordan algebras,and their relation to particle physics. Her work focuses on finding an underlying mathematical structure to the Standard Model of particle physics. She is most noted for her work on octonions. [7] [8] [9]
She has worked on attempting to obtain the Standard Model of particle physics from octonionic constructions. [2] [7] [9] In her 2018 paper "SU(3)C ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y (×U(1)X) as a symmetry of division algebraic ladder operators," [10] according to Quanta Magazine ,"she consolidated several findings to construct the full Standard Model symmetry group,SU(3) ×SU(2) ×U(1),for a single generation of particles,with the math producing the correct array of electric charges and other attributes for an electron,neutrino,three up quarks,three down quarks and their anti-particles. The math also suggests a reason why electric charge is quantized in discrete units —essentially,because whole numbers are." [2] In 2022 together with Mia Hughes,she linked the symmetry breaking in physics to division algebras including octonions. [11]
In 2019, Wired.com listed her in their article "10 Women in Science and Tech Who Should Be Household Names". [12]
Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is any model in particle physics that merges the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces into a single force at high energies. Although this unified force has not been directly observed, many GUT models theorize its existence. If the unification of these three interactions is possible, it raises the possibility that there was a grand unification epoch in the very early universe in which these three fundamental interactions were not yet distinct.
In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of particle decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron. The proton decay hypothesis was first formulated by Andrei Sakharov in 1967. Despite significant experimental effort, proton decay has never been observed. If it does decay via a positron, the proton's half-life is constrained to be at least 1.67×1034 years.
In mathematics, the octonions are a normed division algebra over the real numbers, a kind of hypercomplex number system. The octonions are usually represented by the capital letter O, using boldface O or blackboard bold . Octonions have eight dimensions; twice the number of dimensions of the quaternions, of which they are an extension. They are noncommutative and nonassociative, but satisfy a weaker form of associativity; namely, they are alternative. They are also power associative.
In mathematics, the Cayley–Dickson construction, sometimes also known as the Cayley–Dickson process or the Cayley–Dickson procedure produces a sequence of algebras over the field of real numbers, each with twice the dimension of the previous one. It is named after Arthur Cayley and Leonard Eugene Dickson. The algebras produced by this process are known as Cayley–Dickson algebras, for example complex numbers, quaternions, and octonions. These examples are useful composition algebras frequently applied in mathematical physics.
Supersymmetry is a theoretical framework in physics that suggests the existence of a symmetry between particles with integer spin (bosons) and particles with half-integer spin (fermions). It proposes that for every known particle, there exists a partner particle with different spin properties. There have been multiple experiments on supersymmetry that have failed to provide evidence that it exists in nature. If evidence is found, supersymmetry could help explain certain phenomena, such as the nature of dark matter and the hierarchy problem in particle physics.
In theoretical physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current. In everyday terms, it is equivalent to a sealed box that contained equal numbers of left and right-handed bolts, but when opened was found to have more left than right, or vice versa.
In particle physics, SO(10) refers to a grand unified theory (GUT) based on the spin group Spin(10). The shortened name SO(10) is conventional among physicists, and derives from the Lie algebra or less precisely the Lie group of SO(10), which is a special orthogonal group that is double covered by Spin(10).
In physics, topological order is a kind of order in the zero-temperature phase of matter. Macroscopically, topological order is defined and described by robust ground state degeneracy and quantized non-abelian geometric phases of degenerate ground states. Microscopically, topological orders correspond to patterns of long-range quantum entanglement. States with different topological orders cannot change into each other without a phase transition.
There is a natural connection between particle physics and representation theory, as first noted in the 1930s by Eugene Wigner. It links the properties of elementary particles to the structure of Lie groups and Lie algebras. According to this connection, the different quantum states of an elementary particle give rise to an irreducible representation of the Poincaré group. Moreover, the properties of the various particles, including their spectra, can be related to representations of Lie algebras, corresponding to "approximate symmetries" of the universe.
Many branches of mathematics study objects of a given type and prove a classification theorem. A common theme is that the classification results in a number of series of objects and a finite number of exceptions — often with desirable properties — that do not fit into any series. These are known as exceptional objects. In many cases, these exceptional objects play a further and important role in the subject. Furthermore, the exceptional objects in one branch of mathematics often relate to the exceptional objects in others.
In theoretical particle physics, the non-commutative Standard Model, is a model based on noncommutative geometry that unifies a modified form of general relativity with the Standard Model.
In mathematics, an octonion algebra or Cayley algebra over a field F is a composition algebra over F that has dimension 8 over F. In other words, it is a 8-dimensional unital non-associative algebra A over F with a non-degenerate quadratic form N such that
"An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything" is a physics preprint proposing a basis for a unified field theory, often referred to as "E8 Theory", which attempts to describe all known fundamental interactions in physics and to stand as a possible theory of everything. The paper was posted to the physics arXiv by Antony Garrett Lisi on November 6, 2007, and was not submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The title is a pun on the algebra used, the Lie algebra of the largest "simple", "exceptional" Lie group, E8. The paper's goal is to describe how the combined structure and dynamics of all gravitational and Standard Model particle fields are part of the E8 Lie algebra.
Tevian Dray is an American mathematician who has worked in general relativity, mathematical physics, geometry, and both science and mathematics education. He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2010.
In particle physics, W′ and Z′ bosons refer to hypothetical gauge bosons that arise from extensions of the electroweak symmetry of the Standard Model. They are named in analogy with the Standard Model W and Z bosons.
Kameshwar C. Wali was an Indian-born American theoretical physicist who was the Distinguished Research Professor of Physics Emeritus at Syracuse University's College of Arts and Sciences. He was a specialist in high energy physics, particularly symmetries and dynamics of elementary particles, and the author of Chandra: A Biography of S. Chandrasekhar and Cremona Violins: a physicist's quest for the secrets of Stradivari.
Symmetries in quantum mechanics describe features of spacetime and particles which are unchanged under some transformation, in the context of quantum mechanics, relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, and with applications in the mathematical formulation of the standard model and condensed matter physics. In general, symmetry in physics, invariance, and conservation laws, are fundamentally important constraints for formulating physical theories and models. In practice, they are powerful methods for solving problems and predicting what can happen. While conservation laws do not always give the answer to the problem directly, they form the correct constraints and the first steps to solving a multitude of problems. In application, understanding symmetries can also provide insights on the eigenstates that can be expected. For example, the existence of degenerate states can be inferred by the presence of non commuting symmetry operators or that the non degenerate states are also eigenvectors of symmetry operators.
Corinne Alison Manogue is an American physicist who has worked in general relativity, mathematical physics, and physics education. She was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2005, and was an inaugural Fellow of the American Association of Physics Teachers in 2014.
In mathematics, a bioctonion, or complex octonion, is a pair (p,q) where p and q are biquaternions.
Juansher Levan Chkareuli is a Georgian theoretical physicist working in particle physics, Head of Particle Physics Department at Andronikashvili Institute of Physics of Tbilisi State University and Professor at Institute of Theoretical Physics of Ilia State University in Tbilisi.