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 Colombia |  Mexico |
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The nations of Colombia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1821 when Colombia became the first country in Latin-America to recognize Mexico's independence. [1] Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, Pacific Alliance and the United Nations.
Both nations are host to great indigenous cultures; the Aztecs and Mayas in Mexico and the Muiscas and Incas in Colombia. Colombia and Mexico both share a common history in that they were both colonized by Spain and each nation was the seat of power of one of four Spanish viceroyalties. Soon after gaining independence in 1821, the newly independent Mexican Empire and Gran Colombia once bordered each other in what are now the independent nations of Costa Rica and Panama. On 10 October 1821, Colombia recognized Mexico's independence when Simón Bolívar reached out with a message to the newly independent nation, therefore establishing diplomatic relations between both nations. [1] In 1822, Emperor Agustín de Iturbide named an ambassador to the Gran Colombia and in 1826, Mexico had a vice-consulate in Cartagena de Indias. [1] In 1831, both nations established resident embassies in their respective capitals. [2]
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, both nations have become increasingly close politically and bilaterally. In 1989, both nations, along with Venezuela formed a trade bloc called the Group of 3 (Grupo de los Tres) which intended to reduce trade tariffs and create a free trade bloc between the three nations within a ten-year time span that took effect in 1995. However, in 2006, former President Hugo Chávez announced that Venezuela would be leaving the bloc due to his estranged relationship with former Mexican President Vicente Fox and former Colombian President Álvaro Uribe. The trade bloc continued without Venezuela until 2007. [3]
Over the past few years, both nations have become increasingly tangled in the war on drugs. Colombia has for many years been known as one of the biggest producers of drugs and for having notorious cartels. Mexico was traditionally a transit country for Colombia drugs to pass through en route to the United States (the largest demand market for drug consumption). However, Mexico has also become increasingly involved in drug production itself and many Mexican drug cartels have increasingly partnered with Colombian cartels in transiting drugs to other markets globally. Both the Colombian and Mexican government have increasingly worked together to combat the cartels and have hired advisers from each other nations to practice successful tactics in each other's nations respectively. [4]
Colombia and Mexico are two of the four founding members of the Pacific Alliance (the others being Chile and Peru). From 2017 to 2018, both nations celebrated a "Dual Year" in order to promote greater rapprochement among both nations, strengthen ties through activities in the areas of culture, education and academic mobility, trade and investment, entrepreneurship and innovation, among others, which were celebrated throughout two years. [5]
In July 2021, Colombian Vice-President and Foreign Minister Marta Lucía Ramírez, paid a visit to Mexico and met with her counterpart Marcelo Ebrard to reaffirm their commitment to strengthening both nations' joint bilateral relations mechanisms. [6] In 2022, both nations celebrated 200 years of diplomatic relations. [7] In November of that same year, Colombian President Gustavo Petro paid a visit to Mexico and met with Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. During the visit, Mexico was asked to and accepted the invitation to become a guarantor country in negotiations between the Colombian government and the National Liberation Army (ELN). [8]
In September 2023, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador paid a visit to Cali, Colombia to attend a Latin-American and Caribbean Conference on drugs. While in Colombia, Presidente López Obrador met with Colombian President Gustavo Petro and the two leaders discussed the ongoing peace process in Colombia. [9]
Presidential visits from Colombia to Mexico [10] [1]
Presidential visits from Mexico to Colombia [11] [1]
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Arbitration Treaty (1928); Air Transportation Agreement (1975); Agreement in Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1979); Agreement for Cultural and Educational Exchanges (1979); Free Trade Agreement (1994); Agreement of Cooperation in the Fight against Illicit Trafficking Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1997); Tourist Cooperation Agreement (1998); Agreement for the Exchange of Non-Judicialized Information (1998); Agreement for Mutual Recognition of Certificates of Studies, Titles and Academic Degrees of Higher Education (1998); Agreement of Cooperation on Legal Matters (1998); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and to Prevent Tax Evasion in Relation to Taxes on Income and on Equity (2009); Extradition Treaty (2011) and an Agreement to Prohibit and Prevent Theft and/or Theft, Introduction, Extraction and Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property (2015). [12]
In 2022, over 700,000 Colombian citizens visited Mexico for tourism, making them the third largest group of visitors to Mexico (after the United States and Canada). That same year, 389,000 Mexican citizens visited Colombia for tourism. [13] There are direct flights between Colombia and Mexico with the following airlines: Aeroméxico, Avianca, Viva Aerobus, Volaris and Wingo.
Trade between the two nations has increased dramatically over the past ten years. In 2023, trade between the two nations totaled US$5.6 billion. [14] Colombia's main exports to Mexico include: coal, crude oil, instant coffee and automobile parts. Mexico's main exports to Colombia include: flat screen TVs, pure petroleum oil for tank-car, ship-tank or auto-tanks; corrugated rods or bars for reinforcement, for cement or concrete; shampoos; milk powder or pills; tequila and malt beer. [14]
Colombia is Mexico's tenth largest trading partner globally. [15] Colombian multinational companies such as Grupo Nutresa, Rappi and Terpel (among others) operate in Mexico. Mexican multinational companies such as Alsea, América Móvil, Grupo Bimbo, Cemex, Mabey, Orbia and Oxxo (among others) operate in Colombia.
Australia–Mexico relations are the bilateral relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the United Mexican States. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, G20, MIKTA, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Trade Organization.
The nations of Chile and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1831, however, relations were severed in 1974 in the aftermath of the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1990 and have continued unabated since.
Ties between Mexico and Spain date back to the Spanish conquest of Mexico in 1519 and subsequent Spanish colonialism in the country which lasted until the end of the Mexican War of Independence in 1821. Formal diplomatic relations between both nations commenced in 1836 and were severed with the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War in 1939. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1977 and have continued unabated since.
The nations of Argentina and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1888. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, G-20 major economies, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
The nations of Germany and Mexico first established formal diplomatic relations in 1879, following the unification of Germany. In 1917, the German Empire proposed a World War I alliance with Mexico against the United States in the Zimmermann Telegram before it was foiled by British intelligence agents. The two nations were twice on the opposite sides of 20th century conflicts: first in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, and later during World War II from 1942 to 1945. Mexico established relations with both halves of partitioned Germany in 1952 and maintained the relationship through the German reunification in 1990.
The nations of Mexico and Venezuela established diplomatic relations in 1831, however, diplomatic relations between both nations have been historically unstable on several occasions. During the Venezuelan presidential crisis, Mexico took a neutral position and has continued to maintain diplomatic relations with the government of President Nicolás Maduro.
Guatemala and Mexico are neighboring nations who established diplomatic relations in 1848. In January 1959 both nations broke diplomatic relations as a result of the Mexico–Guatemala conflict, however, diplomatic relations were re-established 8 months later in September of that same year. Since then diplomatic relations have continued unabated since. Diplomatic relations between both nations are based on close proximity, trade, cultural similarities and a shared history.
The nations of Mexico and Peru established diplomatic relations in 1823. Diplomatic relations were briefly cut in 1932 and reinstated again in 1933. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Lima Group, Organization of Ibero-American States, Organization of American States, Pacific Alliance and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Sweden established diplomatic relations in 1885. Both members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Belize and Mexico are neighboring nations. They established official diplomatic relations in 1981 after Belize obtained its independence. However, diplomatic relations between Mexico and British administered British Honduras existed as early as 1893. Relations between both nations are based on proximity, trade and cultural connections between the Maya peoples of Belize and southern Mexico.
The nations of Ecuador and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1830. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
The nations of Haiti and Mexico established consular relations in 1882 and formal diplomatic relations were established in 1929. Both nations are members of Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.
The nations of Honduras and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1879. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Nicaragua established diplomatic relations in 1839, however, relations were briefly severed in May 1979 and restored a few months later in July 1979 with the ousting of Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Diplomatic relations between both nations have continued unabated since.
Mexico–Panama relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Panama. Both nations are mutual members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Organization of American States.
Mexico–Saudi Arabia relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Saudi Arabia. Both nations are mutual members of the G-20 major economies and the United Nations.
The United Mexican States and the Republic of Singapore have had diplomatic and other bilateral relations since 1975. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the United Nations.
Colombia–Poland relations are the diplomatic relations between Colombia and Poland. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
China–Colombia relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Colombia. Diplomatic relations were established in 1980. Both nations are members of the Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Colombia–Hungary relations are the bilateral relations between Colombia and Hungary. Both nations are members of the OECD and the United Nations.
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