A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States.
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It has an area of 142,326 km2 (54,952 sq mi) and an estimated population of 9,750,065 people. Dushanbe is the country's capital and largest city. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. It is separated narrowly from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. Tajiks form the ethnic majority in the country, and the historical Tajik homeland lies in present-day Tajikistan as well as parts of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia claiming to be the legal and continuative successor state to the Soviet Union. It was formed following the partial dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It covers an area of 20,368,759 km2 (7,864,422 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation in economic, political and military affairs and has certain powers relating to the coordination of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security, including cross-border crime prevention.
Tajik, also called Tajiki Persian or Tajiki, is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by Tajiks. It is closely related to neighbouring Dari of Afghanistan with which it forms a continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of the Persian language. Several scholars consider Tajik as a dialectal variety of Persian rather than a language on its own. The popularity of this conception of Tajik as a variety of Persian was such that, during the period in which Tajik intellectuals were trying to establish Tajik as a language separate from Persian, prominent intellectual Sadriddin Ayni counterargued that Tajik was not a "bastardised dialect" of Persian. The issue of whether Tajik and Persian are to be considered two dialects of a single language or two discrete languages has political sides to it.
A work of the United States government, is defined by the United States copyright law, as "a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties." Under section 105 of the Copyright Act of 1976, such works are not entitled to domestic copyright protection under U.S. law and are therefore in the public domain.
A copyright is the legal protection extended to the owner of the rights in an original work. Original work refers to every production in the literary, scientific, and artistic domains. The Intellectual Property Office (IPOPHL) is the leading agency responsible for handling the registration and conflict resolution of intellectual property rights and to enforce the copyright laws. IPOPHL was created by virtue of Republic Act No. 8293 or the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines which took effect on January 1, 1998, under the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos.
The Serbian copyright act was published as the copyright act of Serbia and Montenegro on 24 December 2004, and it remains in force after the country's split under the "Declaration of Continuation by Republic of Serbia", September 19, 2006.
Copyright law in Azerbaijan governs copyright in Azerbaijan. The status of copyright law and its protection is regulated by the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan signed in 1996. The Law on Copyright and Related Rights regulates the relations that arise while creating or using scientific and literary works, as well as works of art. According to this law, adjacent rights to performances, phonograms, and the transfer of broadcasting and cable broadcasting organizations are also streamlined. The Law was amended in 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2018 and 2021.
The copyright law of the United States grants monopoly protection for "original works of authorship". With the stated purpose to promote art and culture, copyright law assigns a set of exclusive rights to authors: to make and sell copies of their works, to create derivative works, and to perform or display their works publicly. These exclusive rights are subject to a time and generally expire 70 years after the author's death or 95 years after publication. In the United States, works published before January 1, 1928, are in the public domain.
The Constitution of Tajikistan was adopted on 6 November 1994 and amended three times, on 26 September 1999, on 22 June 2003 and on 22 May 2016.
The Armenian dram sign is the currency sign of the Armenian dram. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+058F֏ARMENIAN DRAM SIGN.
Tajik passports are issued to citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan to enable them to travel outside the country. It is the international proof of identity of any Tajik citizen.
Tajik vehicle registration plates are registration plates for vehicles registered in the country.
The basic law on copyright in Venezuela is the Law on Copyright 1993 as supplemented by various other laws and conventions, specifically the Regulations under the Law on Copyright . Venezuela has signed the Berne Convention.
Law enforcement in Tajikistan is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which controls the police force, which is referred to as the militia occasionally. It is divided into multiple departments, each led by an officer, including the Tajik Internal Troops, as well as the National Guard, which takes orders directly from the President of Tajikistan. The Minister of Internal Affairs oversees it all. The Drug Control Agency is responsible for combating drug trafficking, which has been a major problem due to high heroin production in Afghanistan, to the south.
Malaysia–Tajikistan relations are foreign relations between Malaysia and Tajikistan. Malaysian embassy in Tashkent, Uzbekistan is also accredited to Tajikistan, while Tajikistan has an embassy in Ampang, Selangor. Both countries have been enjoying warm diplomatic relations and are willing to make constructive efforts towards progress.
The State Committee for National Security is the principal national security and intelligence agency of Tajikistan. Its main responsibilities include internal and border security, counter-intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-narcotics, fighting organized crime, and surveillance. The chairman of the committee and all of his deputies are appointed by and answerable to the president of Tajikistan. Colonel General Saimumin Yatimov has served as the SCNS chairman since September 2, 2010.
The copyright law of Moldova regulates the copyright laws of Moldova. The first official decree related to copyright in the country was made on 25 November 1991, shortly after its independence on 27 August of the same year. On 25 May 1991, the State Agency on the Protection of Industrial Property (AGEPI) was created, making it the second copyright agency in the country together with the State Agency for Copyright (ADA). In 1993, Moldova signed an agreement on cooperation in the protection of copyright and the related rights between it and other countries, all members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which only came into force in 1999. By the time of this year, Moldova had already created its official copyright law: Law No. 293-XIII, from 1994 but applied since 1995.
