Geography
This area of the Santa Cruz Chaco occupies the southern part of the department, is the largest province of the country, geographically defined as the Gran Chaco and that extends to the departments of Tarija and Chuquisaca and even the republics of Paraguay and Argentina. Characteristics of dry weather, warm day and cold at night. The name of this province is due to its topography, being the largest province in the department and the country. Bounded on the north by the provinces of Chiquitos and Andrés Ibáñez. The south by the Republic of Paraguay and the department of Chuquisaca. The east by the Germán Busch province. To the West and the department of Chuquisaca province Vallegrande Florida and has a surface area of 86,245 km2 occupying 23.3% of the total area of the department, being the largest province of the country Its height above sea level is: 1240 m has a population: 190,768,098 inhabitants (2001 census). A population density: 1.49 people per km2 Relief .- belongs to a clearly defined geographical area known as Gran Chaco, which extends to the departments of Chuquisaca and Tarija and the republics of Argentina and Paraguay. One of the three quarters of the territory is on the ramifications of (Cordillera Real or Oriental) This region is made up of parallel chains oriented from north to south decrease gradually increased until complete series of low hills. The remaining two thirds are just plain wet and covered with vegetation.
History
La Cordillera de los Chiriguanosa or simply Cordillera is the word with which the colonial era began to know what is now the Cordillera Province and large surrounding territories. This name is because Chiriguanosa - Guarani occupied much of the Andean Cordillera orbit. The Royal Charter of 17 December 1743 established that the territory of the Cordillera Province came from the south to the banks of the Pilcomayo River, and the east to the Paraguay River. By a decree of January 23, 1826 issued under the presidency of Marshal Antonio José de Sucre, Cordillera Province was established with five departments of Bolivia. The DS 24 September 1857 that is subject to Cordillera the political leadership of Santa Cruz, with total independence from Vallegrande. Only three months later, on December 25 DS 1857 leads to the creation of the political leadership of the Cordillera, which was not implemented. Act of 1863 are created in the prefectures and sub-departments and provinces, respectively, to replace the political leadership created by Supreme Decree on December 25, 1857. The sub would be the responsibility of raising the contribution indigenal. In 1877 The Board of Directors of the Cordillera province leads the Supreme Government a comprehensive note, accompanied by incontrovertible documents on the right of that province and the territories of Cuevo Ibo, sought by the department of Chuquisaca.
The geography of Bolivia includes the Eastern Andes Mountain Range which bisects Bolivia roughly from north to south. To the east of that mountain chain are lowland plains of the Amazon Basin, and to the west is the Altiplano which is a highland plateau where Lake Titicaca is located. Bolivia's geography has features similar to those of Peru which abuts Bolivia's northwest border; like Bolivia, Peru is bisected from north to south by the Eastern Andes Mountains, and these two countries share Lake Titicaca which is the highest navigable lake on Earth. Unlike Peru, however, Bolivia is one of the two landlocked countries in South America, the other being Paraguay which is located along Bolivia's southeast border.
Tarija is a department in Bolivia. It is located in south-eastern Bolivia bordering with Argentina to the south and Paraguay to the east. According to the 2012 census, it has a population of 482,196 inhabitants. It has an area of 37,623 km2 (14,526 sq mi). The city of Tarija is the capital of the department.
Chuquisaca is a department of Bolivia located in the center south. It borders on the departments of Cochabamba, Tarija, Potosí, and Santa Cruz. The departmental capital is Sucre, which is also the constitutional capital of Bolivia.
Santa Cruz is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2 (143,098 sq mi), it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south.
Pilcomayo is a river in central South America. At 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) long, it is the longest western tributary of the Paraguay River. Its drainage basin is 270,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) in area, and its mean discharge is 200 cubic metres per second (7,100 cu ft/s).
The Gran Chaco or Dry Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semiarid lowland natural region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, northern Argentina, and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region. This land is sometimes called the Chaco Plain.
The Bermejo River is a river in South America that flows from Bolivia to the Paraguay River in Argentina. The river is generally called Bermejo in spite of its different names along its way, but it also has its own Native American names; in Wichí it is called Teuco, and in Guaraní it is called Ypitá. In the plains of Argentina's Gran Chaco the Bermejo forms wetlands and splits into two branches. The southern branch is the bed of the old Bermejo River, now an intermittent stream called Río Bermejito. The northern branch is now the main stem of the Bermejo and is called the Teuco River, Bermejo Nuevo, or simply the Bermejo River. The two branches rejoin at 25°39′S60°11′W, near Villa Río Bermejito, forming the Lower Bermejo River.
Gran Chaco is a province in the eastern parts of the Bolivian department Tarija. The province voted to become an autonomous region on 6 December 2009.
The Cordillera Oriental or Eastern Cordillera is a set of parallel mountain ranges of the Bolivian Andes, emplaced on the eastern and north eastern margin of the Andes. Large parts of Cordillera Oriental are forested and humid areas rich in agricultural and livestock products. Geologically, the Cordillera Oriental is formed by the Central Andean fold and thrust belt.
Municipalities in Bolivia are administrative divisions of the entire national territory governed by local elections. Municipalities are the third level of administrative divisions, below departments and provinces. Some of the provinces consist of only one municipality. In these cases the municipalities are identical to the provinces they belong to. There are 340 municipalities.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bolivia:
General elections were held in Bolivia on December 6, 2009, following a constitutional referendum held on 25 January 2009. The election was initially expected to be held in 2010. Voters elected:
Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area is the biggest national park in Bolivia and one of the largest in South America. It is a protected area in the region of the Gran Chaco and has a larger surface area than Belgium. It is situated in the south of Santa Cruz Department on the border with Paraguay in the Cordillera Province and Chiquitos Province.
The 2010 Bolivian regional elections were held on 4 April 2010. Departmental and municipal authorities were elected by an electorate of approximately 5 million people. Among the officials elected are:
The geology of Bolivia comprises a variety of different lithologies as well as tectonic and sedimentary environments. On a synoptic scale, geological units coincide with topographical units. The country is divided into a mountainous western area affected by the subduction processes in the Pacific and an eastern lowlands of stable platforms and shields. The Bolivian Andes is divided into three main ranges; these are from west to east: the Cordillera Occidental that makes up the border to Chile and host several active volcanoes and geothermal areas, Cordillera Central once extensively mined for silver and tin and the relatively low Cordillera Oriental that rather than being a range by its own is the eastern continuation of the Central Cordillera as a fold and thrust belt. Between the Occidental and Central Cordillera the approximately 3,750-meter-high Altiplano high plateau extends. This basin hosts several freshwater lakes, including Lake Titicaca as well as salt-covered dry lakes that bring testimony of past climate changes and lake cycles. The eastern lowlands and sub-Andean zone in Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, and Tarija Departments was once an old Paleozoic sedimentary basin that hosts valuable hydrocarbon reserves. Further east close to the border with Brazil lies the Guaporé Shield, made up of stable Precambrian crystalline rock.
Serranía del Aguaragüe is the easternmost range of Bolivia's Cordillera Oriental. Serranía del Aguaragüe stretches out in a north–south fashion from the latitude of crossing the Bolivian departments of Tarija, Chuquisaca and Santa Cruz. Geologically it corresponds to the thrust front where the Andes meets the Bolivian Chaco. The range is largely uninhabited and vegetated by subtropical dry broadleaf forests.
Bolivian Spanish is the variety of Spanish spoken by the majority of the population in Bolivia, either as a mother tongue or as a second language. Within the Spanish of Bolivia there are different regional varieties. In the border areas, Bolivia shares dialectal features with the neighboring countries.
The South American territorial disputes are the territorial disputes and litigations that have developed in South America since the aftermath of the continent's wars of independence, which have shaped the current political geography of the region. These conflicts have been resolved both through both military and diplomatic means. The most recent conflict in the Americas of this nature was the Cenepa War in 1995, between Ecuador and Peru.
Bolivia 