Corynebacterium uropygiale

Last updated

Corynebacterium uropygiale
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Corynebacteriaceae
Genus: Corynebacterium
Species:
C. uropygiale
Binomial name
Corynebacterium uropygiale
Braun et al. 2016

Corynebacterium uropygiale is a bacterium described in 2016 following thorough investigations using a polyphasic approach including MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, phylogeny of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes and DNA fingerprinting. To date, it has been regarded as endemic to preen gland secretions of healthy turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). [1] [2] It is member of the genus Corynebacterium and belongs to the phylum Actinomycetota. [3] Although, a large number of bacteria including corynebacteria have been reported as part of the normal microbiome of birds, [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] C. uropygiale is the only member of the genus that has been recovered in preen gland secretions of birds. It is one of three bacterial species to have been found to colonize preen gland secretions of birds. [1]

Contents

Culture conditions

C. uropygiale grows on complex media supplemented with monounsaturated fatty acids (e. g. lysogeny broth (LB) agar supplemented with 0.3% Tween-80). On such media, luxurious growth is obtained after 48 h of incubation at 37°C. C. uropygiale can also be grown on Columbia agar containing 5% sheep blood, but faint growth is obtained. C. uropygiale does not show significant growth on media, such as LB, tryptic-soy agar, or Mueller–Hinton agar. The presence or absence of CO2 does not influence growth characteristics. [1]

Characteristics

C. uropygiale is a fastidious, club-shaped, Gram-positive, rod that assembles in palisades and V-shaped patterns. They are notacid fast and nonspore-forming facultative anaerobes. Their cell walls contain mycolic acids. G+C content accounts for 60.7 mol% in the type strain. [1] The closest relative is C. spheniscorum, [1] which has been recovered from the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). [9]

Lipophilism

C. uropygiale is capable of proliferating in lipid-rich environments, such as the preen gland. It uses the fatty acids of its surroundings rather than synthesizing them by itself. C. uropygiale has adapted its metabolism to its habitat, as it lost the ability to produce these fatty acids by itself. In terms of evolution, this saves energy and potentially increases fitness. [1] [10] [2]

Related Research Articles

Gram-positive bacteria Bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test

In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.

<i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> Species of bacterium

Gardnerella vaginalis is a species of Gram-variable-staining facultative anaerobic bacteria. The organisms are small non-spore-forming, nonmotile coccobacilli.

<i>Corynebacterium</i> Genus of bacteria

Corynebacterium is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-positive and most are aerobic. They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more specifically, club-shaped, which inspired the genus name.

The anal glands or anal sacs are small glands near the anus in many mammals, including dogs and cats. They are paired sacs on either side of the anus between the external and internal sphincter muscles. Sebaceous glands within the lining secrete a liquid that is used for identification of members within a species. These sacs are found in many species of carnivorans, including wolves, bears, sea otters and kinkajous.

Uropygial gland Gland

The uropygial gland, informally known as the preen gland or the oil gland, is a bilobed sebaceous gland possessed by the majority of birds used to distribute the gland's oil through the plumage by means of preening. It is located dorsally at the base of the tail and is greatly variable in both shape and size. In some species, the opening of the gland has a small tuft of feathers to provide a wick for the preen oil. It is a holocrine gland enclosed in a connective tissue capsule made up of glandular acini that deposit their oil secretion into a common collector tube ending in a variable number of pores (openings), most typically two. Each lobe has a central cavity that collects the secretion from tubules arranged radially around the cavity. The gland secretion is conveyed to the surface via ducts that, in most species, open at the top of a papilla.

Mycobacterium cookii is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

Mycobacterium elephantis, a bacterium of the family Mycobacteriaceae, was discovered and isolated from a deceased elephant near India and may be linked to respiratory dysfunction. Organisms in the genus Mycobacterium are known to be aerobic and non-motile. Organisms within Mycobacterium belong to either the rapid growing group or the slow growing group. M. elephantis is classified as a rapid grower and relates most closely to Mycobacterium confluentis and Mycobacterium phlei.

Mycobacterium hodleri is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

Mycobacterium komossense is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

<i>Arcanobacterium haemolyticum</i> Species of bacterium

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a species of bacteria classified as a gram-positive bacillus. It is catalase-negative, aerobic, beta-hemolytic, and not motile. It has been known to cause head and neck infections, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.

Skin flora Microbiota that reside on the skin

Skin flora, also called skin microbiota, refers to microbiota that reside on the skin, typically human skin.

Lipophilic bacteria are bacteria that may proliferate in lipids.

The Xanthobacteraceae are a family of bacteria. Among others, they include Azorhizobium, a genus of rhizobia.

<i>Acaricomes phytoseiuli</i> Species of bacterium

Acaricomes phytoseiuli is a bacterium which is thought to be a pathogen of the mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. A. phytoseiuli causes a set of symptoms in the mite, known as nonresponding syndrome or NR syndrome. Dramatic changes in longevity, fecundity, and behavior are characteristic with this disease. The bacteria accumulate in the lumen of the mite's digestive tract and cause extreme degeneration of its epithelium. Infection with A. phytoseiuli greatly reduces the mite's attraction to herbivore-induced plant volatiles, and the mite is more prone to leave patches with ample prey. The disease is transmitted horizontally by means of feces and debris. The strain that was isolated was “CSC”. Differences between strain CSC compared to its closest phylogenetic neighbors are as follows: CSC uses glucose-1-phosphate and L-glutamic acid, and its colonies are more yellow in appearance as compared to its phylogenetic neighbors which are more cream/white in color.

Paenibacillus tylopili is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. Described as new to science in 2008, it was found in the mycorhizosphere of the bolete fungus Tylopilus felleus.

Rathayibacter toxicus is a phytopathogenic bacterium known for causing annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) commonly found in South and Western Australia.

Desulfurobacterium atlanticum is a thermophilic, anaerobic and chemolithoautotrophic bacterium from the family Aquificaceae. In 2006 it was isolated from marine hydrothermal systems and proposed to become a new bacterial species.

Legionella clemsonensis was isolated in 2006, but was described in 2016 by Clemson University researchers. It is a Gram-negative bacterium.

The biochemistry of body odor pertains to the chemical compounds in the body responsible for body odor and their kinetics.

Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria are a heterogeneous group of prokaryotes which can degrade and utilize hydrocarbon compounds as source of carbon and energy. Despite being present in most of environments around the world, several of these specialized bacteria live in the sea and have been isolated from polluted seawater.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Markus Santhosh Braun, Stefan Zimmermann, Maria Danner, Harun-or Rashid, Michael Wink, Corynebacterium uropygiale sp. nov., isolated from the preen gland of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), Systematic and Applied Microbiology, Volume 39, Issue 2, March 2016, Pages 88-92, ISSN 0723-2020, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2015.12.001.
  2. 1 2 "Sensation im Zoo Heidelberg: Neue Art entdeckt | Zoo Heidelberg". Archived from the original on 2016-12-31. Retrieved 2016-12-31.
  3. ↑ K. A. Bernard, G. Funke Genus I. Corynebacterium M. Goodfellow, P. Kampfer, H. J. Busse, M. E. Trujillo, K. Suzuki, W. Ludwig, W. B. Whitman (eds.), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (2nd ed.), Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London (2012), p. 245.
  4. ↑ D. R. Singleton, R. G. Harper Bacteria in old House Wren nests J. Field Ornithol., 69 (1998), pp. 71–74.
  5. ↑ . Hubalek, Z. Juricova, J. Halouzka A survey of free-living birds as hosts and lessors of microbial pathogens Folia Zool., 44 (1995), pp. 1–11.
  6. ↑ Z. Hubalek Interspecific affinity among keratinolytic fungi associated with birds Folia Parasitol., 23 (1976), pp. 267–272.
  7. ↑ J. E. Cooper Historical survey of disease in birds J. Zoo Wildl. Med., 24 (1993), pp. 256–264.
  8. ↑ J. E. Cooper Birds and zoonoses Ibis, 132 (1990), pp. 181–191.
  9. ↑ J. Goyache, A. I. Vela, M. D. Collins, C. Ballesteros, V. Briones, J. Moreno, P. Yorio, L. Dominguez, R. Hutson, J. F. Fernandez-Garayzabal Corynebacterium spheniscorum sp. nov., isolated from the cloacae of wild penguins Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 53 (2003), pp. 43–46.
  10. ↑ "Dining at extraordinary locations: New species of bacteria on fatty diet – Atlas of Science".
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.